IO Interactive explained

IO Interactive A/S
Former Name:IO Interactive ApS
Type:Private
Industry:Video games
Hq Location City:Copenhagen
Hq Location Country:Denmark
Key People:Hakan B. Abrak (CEO)
Num Employees:151[1]
Num Employees Year:2022

IO Interactive A/S (IOI) is a Danish video game developer based in Copenhagen, best known for creating and developing the Hitman and Kane and Lynch franchises. IO Interactive's most recent game is Hitman 3, which was released in January 2021.

The company was founded in September 1998 as a joint venture between the seven-man development team of Reto-Moto and film studio Nordisk Film. IO Interactive was acquired by publisher Eidos Interactive for in March 2004, which saw itself acquired by Square Enix and renamed as Square Enix Europe in 2009. In May 2017, Square Enix ceased funding for IO Interactive and started seeking a buyer for the studio. IO Interactive performed a management buyout in June 2017, becoming independent and regaining the rights to their Hitman and Freedom Fighters franchises. IO Interactive employs 200 people as of January 2021 and operates four subsidiary studios: IOI Malmö in Malmö, Sweden; IOI Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain, IOI Istanbul in Istanbul, Turkey, and IOI Brighton in Brighton, England.

History

Background and foundation (1997–1998)

In 1997, Reto-Moto was founded as a video game developer in Copenhagen.[2] Before the studio finished any games, they struck a partnership with Danish film studio Nordisk Film in 1998 that would lead to the creation of a developer jointly owned by the two companies.[3] The resulting company, IO Interactive, was established on 16 September 1998,[4] with Reto-Moto's seven employees—Jesper Vorsholt Jørgensen, Rasmus Guldberg-Kjær, Martin Munk Pollas, Karsten Lemann Hvidberg, Jacob Andersen, Janos Flösser, and David Guldbrandsen—serving as the founders and initial staff of IO Interactive.[5] [6] Nordisk Film and the seven founders each held a 50% stake in the venture. By March 2004, Nordisk Film owned 40.3% in IO Interactive.

Hitman: Codename 47 (1998–2000)

Early on, IO Interactive conceptualised a fantasy massively multiplayer online game (MMO) entitled Rex Dominus, however, Nordisk Film staff asked the development team to cease production on Rex Dominus and "test [themselves]" by developing a "simple shooter" instead.[7] As such, the team opted for a run-and-gun action game, as it took less time to develop compared to an MMO, drawing inspiration from John Woo films, such as Hard Boiled and The Killer. They turned to develop for personal computers (PCs), because they were unable to acquire development kits for consoles, and had also found interest in the steady increase of PCs' 3D graphics capabilities.

A part of the development on the game, which would later become , was the creation of the Glacier, the studio's proprietary game engine that fit their needs; co-founder Andersen stated: "Since killing was the main theme of the game, we wanted to do something special. [...] Standard 'death animations' just looked too static so some of the coders tried to see if they could use real-time inverse kinematics for the falling bodies. The first versions ran terribly slowly until one of the programmers figured out a way to fake the whole calculation." This led to the first use of advanced ragdoll physics in a video game. This physics system caught the eyes of British publisher Eidos Interactive, and especially staff member Jonas Eneroth, who thought that the system could greatly benefit Codename 47 gameplay. Following six months of negotiations, a publishing deal was signed between IO Interactive and Eidos Interactive.[8] Eneroth became executive producer on the project.

As executive producer, Eneroth encouraged the development team to stray away from the run-and-gun gameplay, and instead focus on a "methodical experience", including dragging dead bodies around the scene to create tension. He had previously worked on Deus Ex and , which had heavily exposed him to the stealth game mechanics he wished to see in Codename 47. The game was released on 19 November 2000,[9] with reception mixed due to the difficulty of the game.

Further ventures (2000–2004)

In October 2001, Eidos Interactive announced , a sequel to Codename 47.[10] Following a slight delay in March 2002,[11] it was released in October 2002, this time for Microsoft Windows, as well as PlayStation 2 and Xbox.[12] To more easily overcome the challenge of bringing the game to consoles, IO Interactive grew "considerably" in headcount. The game was received well by critics; according to Greg Kasavin in his review for GameSpot, "Hitman 2 fixes virtually all of the problems of its predecessor".[13] The success of Silent Assassin came as a surprise to the team, and was swiftly followed up with by porting the game to GameCube the following year.[14]

In 2003, IO Interactive decided to open a Hungarian offshoot, named IO Interactive Hungary. To properly establish the studio, 50 Hungarian staff were hired and brought to the company's Copenhagen headquarters for a six-month training programme. However, after the training had been finished, IO Interactive realised that there were 50 people with talent but no leadership that could guide them when in Hungary. Instead of fulfilling the Hungarian subsidiary, IO Interactive opted to offer all 50 people jobs at their headquarters, to which most of them agreed. In October that year, Electronic Arts released Freedom Fighters, an IO Interactive-developed third-person shooter which was previously announced as Freedom: The Battle for Liberty Island in May 2002.[15] [16] Although a sequel to Freedom Fighters has been anticipated, IO Interactive has been unable to comment on whether such a game was in development.[17]

Acquisition by Eidos Interactive, further Hitman releases (2004–2006)

On 3 March 2004, Eidos Interactive announced that they were acquiring IO Interactive for in cash and stock, plus another linked to the studio's performance in the following four years.[18] [19] The deal closed on 31 March that year. At the time, IO Interactive was Europe's 10th largest video game developer, with 140 staff members employed at their offices. The sale was primarily negotiated by founding member Flösser.[20]

The first game to release under Eidos Interactive's management was , the third game in the Hitman franchise, which was announced and released in April that year.[21] The game was developed in about nine months, from concept stage to console submission, but was under the influence of "crunch time" throughout the entire development.[22] Contracts received positive reception.[23] [24] The next game, , was announced shortly afterwards, in November 2004.[25] Released in May 2006,[26] the game was praised by critics and retrospectively multiply referred to as the best game in the Hitman series.[27] [28]

Other games (2006–2010)

IO Interactive announced their next game, , in August 2006.[29] Unlike their Hitman games, Kane & Lynch: Dead Men played as a linear, cooperative gameplay-focused third-person shooter, as opposed to Hitman sandbox solo stealth gameplay.[30] Released in November 2007,[31] the game gained mixed reviews, wherein some reviewers felt like the game had a disconnect with modern gameplay styles.[32] On 11 April 2008, four of IO Interactive's co-founders, Vorsholt Jørgensen, Pollas, Andersen and Guldbrandsen, announced that they had, together with former Eidos Interactive executive producer Neil Donnell, reformed Reto-Moto as an active developer.[33] Guldbrandsen and Donnell became chief technology officer and chief executive officer, respectively.[34] Six further IO Interactive employees followed to Reto-Moto in December that year.[35] Co-founder and at the time managing director Flösser left the company in April 2008, and was succeeded by Niels Jørgensen, who had joined the company in 2002.[36]

In January 2009, Eidos Interactive announced IO Interactive-developed Mini Ninjas, a family-friendly game, as opposed to all of the studio's previous titles.[37] Jørgensen explained that, using Mini Ninjas, the studio wanted to reach a broader demographic in the gaming market. Shortly after the announcement of Mini Ninjas, in April 2009, Eidos Interactive was acquired by Japanese video game conglomerate Square Enix for .[38] Eidos Interactive was reorganised over the course of 2009 and became known as Square Enix Europe in November that year.[39] Square Enix Europe continued to oversee their previously owned development studios, including IO Interactive.[40] Speaking for IO Interactive, Karsten Lund stated that the studio experienced "no loss of freedom" following the buyout.[41]

A sequel to Kane & Lynch: Dead Men, titled , was announced in November 2009,[42] and released in August 2010.[43] Critics found that most elements in the game had deliberately been made "ugly" to better fit into the well-told story of the game.[44] In a November 2009 interview with gaming website Gamasutra, Jørgensen revealed that, due to the high costs associated with living in Scandinavia, much of the company's graphic department had been outsourced to Shanghai. The Chinese office had been set up by two Danish representatives from IO Interactive, with one Dane permanently residing in Shanghai to look over the outsourcing progress. In March 2010, 35 of previously 200 employees were let go from the company.[45] [46] A further 30 people were laid off in November that year, supposedly due to the cancellation of a project that was in development for Microsoft.[47]

Return to Hitman (2011–2016)

In May 2011, IO Interactive and Square Enix announced that they would be returning to the Hitman franchise through a new entry, .[48] [49] A spin-off demo, , was released in May 2012.[50] Absolution was released in November that year,[51] and, like Blood Money, saw highly positive reception from critics.[52] However, many fans of the series, including the developers at IO Interactive, felt like Absolution was leaning too far into the mainstream, as a result of which they were losing their core player base.[53] In February 2012, Square Enix opened a new Copenhagen office under the IO Interactive name.[54] The following March, this new office was announced to be Hapti.co, a subsidiary studio focused on mobile games.[55] Hapti.co was sold to Wargaming Mobile, the mobile games division of publisher Wargaming, in September 2017, and was renamed as Wargaming Copenhagen.[56]

In June 2013, 70 staff members, half of IO Interactive's workforce at the time, were made redundant due to "internal adjustments to face the challenges of today's market".[57] [58] Square Enix announced that, from that point on, IO Interactive would exclusively focus on the development of new entries in the Hitman franchise.[59] At the same time, Hannes Seifert, who for the past three years had held the position of production director at IO Interactive, took over the company's management as studio head.[60] At a June 2015 press conference, Sony announced that a new game in the Hitman series, simply titled Hitman, had been slated for a December 2015 release.[61] The game was shortly delayed to March 2016,[62] and later announced to be released in an episodic model.[63] As such, starting in March 2016, the first season for the game was released through six episodes, the last of which was released in October 2016.[64] Around the same time, Ryan Barnard, previously director of the game The Division, left Massive Entertainment to join IO Interactive.[65] At the time, IO Interactive had 170 employees,[66] and was the largest video game developer in Denmark.[67]

Management buyout, further Hitman games, Project 007 (2017–present)

Seifert announced in February 2017 that he had left IO Interactive to return to his home country of Austria to pursue an unannounced project.[68] Hakan B. Abrak, also formerly production director for the studio, took over his duties, becoming chief executive officer.[69] [70]

In May 2017, Square Enix announced that they had withdrawn funding from IO Interactive and would begin negotiating with potential investors that would want to purchase the studio.[71] Several jobs were cut at IO Interactive shortly following that announcement.[72] [73] On 16 June 2017, IO Interactive announced that it had performed a management buyout, as a result of which they became independent.[74] [75] Square Enix retained a minor financial stake in IO Interactive.[76] The buyout also included the intellectual property (IP) for Hitman and Freedom Fighters, but lacked that of Kane & Lynch and Mini Ninjas.[77] [78] [79] Yosuke Matsuda, president and chief executive officer of Square Enix at the time, stated that the company's decision to divest itself of IO Interactive, alongside Hitman, was made because they felt like the series needed to go on, but would be in better hands with another partner or with IO Interactive itself.[80] [81] IO Interactive's associate director, Eskil Mohl, said that, when Square Enix decided to withdraw from the studio, they were already working on Hitman 2, and the job cuts were a necessary step to make sure that the studio would remain viable without Square Enix's backing; Mohl felt that this helped harden the studio to make Hitman 2 a stronger game.[82]

IO Interactive confirmed shortly after the split that all profits from 2016's Hitman would from that point go directly to the studio.[83] In August that year, the studio confirmed that another Hitman game was in development.[84] In April 2018, IO Interactive partnered with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment (WBIE) to distribute a Definitive Edition of 2016's Hitman, which was released in the following month.[85] [86] In June 2018, IO Interactive announced Hitman 2.[87] Unlike 2016's Hitman, Hitman 2 does not feature an episodic release format.[88] Published by WBIE, Hitman 2 was released in November that year.[89] On 16 January 2019, IO Interactive opened a subsidiary studio, IOI Malmö, in Malmö, Sweden.[90] IO Interactive continued its partnership with WBIE and, by October 2019, had turned it into a multi-IP deal.[91]

In June 2020, IO Interactive announced Hitman 3, the conclusion to their World of Assassination trilogy, which was released on 20 January 2021 for Windows computers and current and next-gen consoles, with IO publishing the game themselves.[92]

In November 2020, the company announced Project 007, an original James Bond video game, working closely with licensors MGM and Eon Productions.[93] [94] IO studio director Hakan Abrak said they had spent about two years in preparing a pitch to the Bond license holders, knowing that the current rights holders, Barbara Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson were dissatisfied with the amount of violence in past Bond video games. IO's Bond will be a wholly original character and not use any of the film actors' likenesses, and Abrak anticipates that this game would be the start of a trilogy of Bond games.[95] Abrak expected that the game would require them to double their current staff of 200 employees to 400 by the time the first Bond game is released.[96]

IOI Barcelona, based in Barcelona, Spain, was announced in April 2021. The studio is to assist IOI on its active projects, including Hitman and Project 007 game.[97]

In February 2023, IO Interactive announced Project Fantasy, this new IP is set to be an online fantasy RPG, a departure from IO's Hitman games.[98]

IOI Brighton, in Brighton, England, was announced by the company in July 2023. The studio initially will support IO's Project 007, Project Fantasy and Hitman.[99]

Games developed

YearTitlePlatform(s)Publisher(s)
2000WindowsEidos Interactive
2002GameCube, PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox
2003Freedom FightersGameCube, PlayStation 2, Windows, XboxElectronic Arts
2004PlayStation 2, Windows, XboxEidos Interactive
2006Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox, Xbox 360Eidos Interactive, Feral Interactive
2007Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360Eidos Interactive
2009Mini NinjasmacOS, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, Wii, Windows, Xbox 360Eidos Interactive, Feral Interactive
2010PlayStation 3, Windows, Xbox 360Square Enix
2012macOS, PlayStation 3, Windows, Xbox 360Square Enix, Feral Interactive
2016HitmanLinux, macOS, PlayStation 4, Stadia, Windows, Xbox One
2018Hitman 2PlayStation 4, Stadia, Windows, Xbox OneWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
2021Hitman 3Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Stadia, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/SIO Interactive
Project 007 (working title)TBA
Project Fantasy (working title)TBA

Cancelled games

Glacier

Glacier is a proprietary in-house game engine developed for the Hitman series, Freedom Fighters, the Kane & Lynch series and Mini Ninjas.[100] Glacier supports DLSS,[101] XeSS[102] and FSR.[103] The engine supports ray tracing in Hitman 3.[101] Eidos-Montréal licensed Glacier for their own in-house engine, Dawn Engine.[104]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: IO Interactive A/S Annual report 2021/22 . 8 August 2022 . 9 May 2023 .
  2. Web site: Former Hitman, Kane and Lynch creators launch Reto-Moto . Jason . Dobson . 11 April 2008 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144110/https://www.engadget.com/2008/04/11/former-hitman-kane-and-lynch-creators-launch-reto-moto/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  3. Web site: Hitman devs go solo with Reto-Moto . Brendan . Sinclair . 11 April 2008 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162220/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-devs-go-solo-with-reto-moto/1100-6189099/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  4. Web site: IO Interactive A/S . Virk . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203109/https://datacvr.virk.dk/data/visenhed?enhedstype=virksomhed&id=24216209&language=en-gb . 22 September 2019 . live.
  5. Web site: Hitman solgt til England . da . Hitman sold to England . 4 March 2004 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201639/https://www.business.dk/diverse/hitman-solgt-til-england . 27 May 2018 . live.
  6. Web site: Q&A: The Then And Now of Hitman Dev IO Interactive . Thomas . Puha . 18 November 2009 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143601/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/117054/QA_The_Then_And_Now_of_Hitman_Dev_IO_Interactive.php . 12 June 2018 . live.
  7. The Making Of: Hitman: Codename 47 . Edward . Love . . 181 . 17 May 2018 . . 86–89 . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143534/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/retro-gamer/20180517/281681140513757 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  8. Web site: Killing Them Softly: The Hitman Story, Part 1 . Luke . Reilly . 18 February 2013 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144028/https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/02/19/killing-them-softly-the-hitman-story-part-1 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  9. Web site: IGN Presents: The History of Hitman . Rus . McLaughlin . 1 October 2012 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141934/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/01/ign-presents-the-history-of-hitman . 12 June 2018 . live.
  10. Web site: Hitman 2: Silent Assassin announced . Trey . Walker . 4 October 2001 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143508/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-2-silent-assassin-announced/1100-2816436/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  11. Web site: Hitman 2 delayed . Trey . Walker . 17 May 2006 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142258/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-2-delayed/1100-2855919/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  12. Web site: Hitman 2 goes gold . Sam . Parker . 30 September 2002 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143414/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-2-goes-gold/1100-2882045/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  13. Web site: Hitman 2: Silent Assassin Review . Greg . Kasavin . 8 October 2002 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142338/https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/hitman-2-silent-assassin-review/1900-2884881/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  14. Web site: Hitman 2 announced for the GameCube . Justin . Calvert . 31 October 2002 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140746/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-2-announced-for-the-gamecube/1100-2896304/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  15. Web site: Freedom Fighters Ships . David . Adams . 1 October 2003 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140940/https://www.ign.com/articles/2003/10/01/freedom-fighters-ships . 12 June 2018 . live.
  16. Web site: E3 2002: Freedom:The Battle for Liberty Island announced . Andrew . Park . 21 May 2002 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143727/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-2002-freedomthe-battle-for-liberty-island-announced/1100-2866557/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  17. Web site: IO gives "no comment" to Freedom Fighters 2 . Johnny . Cullen . 15 January 2010 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145602/https://www.vg247.com/2010/01/15/io-gives-no-comment-to-freedom-fighters-2/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  18. Web site: Eidos acquires Hitman developer as profits rise . Rob . Fahey . 4 March 2004 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203243/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-acquires-hitman-developer-as-profits-rise . 22 September 2019 . live.
  19. Web site: Eidos announces results and acquisition of Io Interactive . Justin . Calvert . 4 March 2004 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142605/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-announces-results-and-acquisition-of-io-interactive/1100-6090628/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  20. Web site: Portræt: Flygtningen og forretningsmanden Flösser . da . Portrait: The refugee and businessman Flösser . 4 March 2004 . . 14 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164427/https://www.business.dk/diverse/portraet-flygtningen-og-forretningsmanden-floesser . 14 July 2018 . live.
  21. Web site: Hitman: Contracts Update . Ricardo . Torres . 7 April 2004 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143712/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-contracts-update/1100-6093118/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  22. Web site: Killing Them Softly: The Hitman Story, Part 2 . Luke . Reilly . 24 February 2013 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145928/https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/02/25/killing-them-softly-the-hitman-story-part-2 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  23. Web site: Hitman: Contracts . Douglass C. . Perry . 16 April 2004 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151356/https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/04/17/hitman-contracts-2 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  24. Web site: Hitman: Contracts . Kristan . Reed . 15 April 2004 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612231243/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_hitmancontracts_ps2 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  25. Web site: Hitman: Blood Money announced . James . Ransom-Wiley . 5 November 2004 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142137/https://www.engadget.com/2004/11/05/hitman-blood-money-announced/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  26. Web site: Hitman: Blood Money dated . Tom . Bramwell . 13 April 2006 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612235305/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news130406bloodmoney . 12 June 2018 . live.
  27. Web site: Reinstall: Hitman: Blood Money . Tom . Francis . 10 February 2013 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141042/https://www.pcgamer.com/reinstall-hitman-blood-money/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  28. Web site: Hitman: Blood Money retrospective . Phill . Cameron . 18 November 2012 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612233834/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-11-18-hitman-blood-money-retrospective . 12 June 2018 . live.
  29. Web site: GC 2006: Kane and Lynch: Dead Men Revealed . Erik . Brudvig . 18 August 2006 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144126/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/08/19/gc-2006-kane-and-lynch-dead-men-revealed . 12 June 2018 . live.
  30. Web site: Kane and Lynch Hands-on . Erik . Brudvig . 27 June 2007 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151616/https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/06/28/kane-and-lynch-hands-on . 12 June 2018 . live.
  31. Web site: Kane & Lynch dated . Tom . Bramwell . 27 September 2007 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142954/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/kane-and-lynch-dated . 12 June 2018 . live.
  32. Web site: Kane & Lynch: Dead Men Review . Erik . Brudvig . 26 November 2007 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151702/https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/27/kane-lynch-dead-men-review . 12 June 2018 . live.
  33. Web site: Hitman Veterans Leave IO, Form Reto-Moto . Chris . Faylor . 14 April 2008 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140108/https://www.shacknews.com/article/52207/hitman-veterans-leave-io-form . 12 June 2018 . live.
  34. Web site: IO Interactive Founders Reform Reto Moto . Mathew . Kumar . 11 April 2008 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143218/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/109173/IO_Interactive_Founders_Reform_Reto_Moto.php . 12 June 2018 . live.
  35. Web site: More IO Interactive employees join Reto-Moto . Will . Freeman . 12 December 2008 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203413/https://www.mcvuk.com/more-io-interactive-employees-join-reto-moto/ . 22 September 2019 . live.
  36. Web site: Janos Flösser forlader IO Interactive . da . Janos Flösser leaves IO Interactive . Nicolai . Devantier . 16 April 2008 . . 25 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180826043835/https://www.computerworld.dk/art/45384/janos-fl-sser-forlader-io-interactive . 26 August 2018 . live.
  37. Web site: Eidos unveils new Mini Ninjas game . Robert . Purchese . 19 January 2009 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612150447/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/io-interactive-ditches-hitmen-for-ninjas . 12 June 2018 . live.
  38. Web site: Square Enix closes on Eidos, Final Fantasy sells 85 million . Gamespot Staff . 25 April 2009 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140552/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/square-enix-closes-on-eidos-final-fantasy-sells-85-million/1100-6208436/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  39. Web site: Goodbye Eidos, hello Square Enix Europe . Alexander . Sliwinski . 10 November 2009 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135921/https://www.engadget.com/2009/11/10/goodbye-eidos-hello-square-enix-europe/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  40. Web site: Square Enix confirms European identity . Phil . Elliott . 10 November 2009 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141944/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-confirms-european-identity . 12 June 2018 . live.
  41. Web site: No loss of "freedom" after Eidos-Square Enix takeover, says IO . Johnny . Cullen . 15 January 2010 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145942/https://www.vg247.com/2010/01/15/no-loss-of-freedom-after-eidos-square-enix-takeover-says-io/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  42. Web site: Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days Announced . Alice . O'Connor . 18 November 2009 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140644/https://www.shacknews.com/article/61294/kane-lynch-2-dog-days . 12 June 2018 . live.
  43. Web site: Kane & Lynch 2 Release Date . Erik . Brudvig . 17 March 2010 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144025/https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/03/17/kane-lynch-2-release-date . 12 June 2018 . live.
  44. Web site: Kane & Lynch 2 is nasty, pointless, and well worth playing . Rick . Lane . 13 May 2018 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144530/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-05-13-kane-and-lynch-2-is-nasty-pointless-and-well-worth-playing . 12 June 2018 . live.
  45. Web site: Report: IO Interactive Makes Round Of Layoffs . Kris . Graft . 29 March 2010 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135914/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/27854/Report_IO_Interactive_Makes_Round_Of_Layoffs.php . 12 June 2018 . live.
  46. Web site: Layoffs Hit Hitman Developer IO Interactive . Brian . Leahy . 30 March 2010 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143840/https://www.shacknews.com/article/63060/layoffs-hit-hitman-developer-io . 12 June 2018 . live.
  47. Web site: IO Interactive Lays Off 30; Rumored to be Due to Canceled Microsoft Project . Brian . Leahy . 1 November 2010 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143123/https://www.shacknews.com/article/66278/io-interactive-lays-off-30 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  48. Web site: Hitman: Absolution officially announced for 2012 with painfully vague teaser . Henry . Gilbert . 11 May 2011 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135924/https://www.gamesradar.com/hitman-absolution-officially-announced-for-2012-with-painfully-vague-teaser/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  49. Web site: Hitman: Absolution announced . Ben . Parfitt . 11 May 2011 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203508/https://www.mcvuk.com/hitman-absolution-announced/ . 22 September 2019 . live.
  50. Web site: Hitman: Absolution out November 20, Sniper Challenge announced . Emily . Gera . 10 May 2012 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141331/https://www.polygon.com/gaming/2012/5/10/3011757/hitman-absolution-out-november-20-sniper-challenge-announced . 12 June 2018 . live.
  51. Web site: Hitman: Absolution release date announced . Wesley . Yin-Poole . 10 May 2012 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612225711/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-05-10-hitman-absolution-release-date-announced . 12 June 2018 . live.
  52. Web site: Hitman: Absolution Review . Luke . Reilly . 18 November 2012 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143733/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/18/hitman-absolution-review . 12 June 2018 . live.
  53. Web site: Hitman Season One: Looking Back With Creative Director Christian Elverdam . Mike . Williams . 18 March 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143031/https://www.usgamer.net/articles/hitman-season-one-looking-back-with-creative-director-christian-elverdam . 12 June 2018 . live.
  54. Web site: IO åbner nyt studie i København . da . IO opens new studio in Copenhagen . Jesper Krogh . Kristiansen . 21 February 2012 . . 17 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181217154628/https://www.eurogamer.dk/articles/2012-02-21-io-aabner-nyt-studie-i-k-benhavn . 17 December 2018 . dead .
  55. Web site: Nyt spilstudie i København søger folk . da . New gaming studio in Copenhagen is looking for people . Kristian . West . 14 March 2012 . . 17 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181217154618/https://www.eurogamer.dk/articles/2012-03-14-spildesign-danmark-nyt-spilstudie-hapti.co-kobenhavn-soeger-mandskab . 17 December 2018 . dead .
  56. Web site: Wargaming Mobile acquire Danish studio Hapti.co . Sean . Cleaver . 8 September 2017 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203510/https://www.mcvuk.com/wargaming-mobile-acquire-danish-studio-hapti-co/ . 22 September 2019 . live.
  57. Web site: IO Interactive cancels everything that isn't Hitman, including Kane & Lynch . Jeffrey . Matulef . 17 June 2013 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612230241/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-06-17-io-interactive-lays-off-nearly-half-its-staff . 12 June 2018 . live.
  58. Web site: IO Interactive redundancies affect 'around 70' . David . Scammell . 25 June 2013 . VideoGamer.com . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140325/https://www.videogamer.com/news/io_interactive_redundancies_affect_around_70_2 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  59. Web site: IO Interactive halves workforce, will focus only on Hitman franchise . James . Orry . 17 June 2013 . VideoGamer.com . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143402/https://www.videogamer.com/news/io_interactive_halves_workforce_will_focus_only_on_hitman_franchise . 12 June 2018 . live.
  60. Web site: Io Interactive lays off 'almost half' its staff, focusing on Hitman (update) . Colin . Campbell . 17 June 2013 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142709/https://www.polygon.com/2013/6/17/4438534/io-interactive-lays-off-almost-half-its-staff-focusing-on-hitman . 12 June 2018 . live.
  61. Web site: E3 2015: Next Hitman Announced at Sony Conference . Brian . Albert . 15 June 2015 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151739/https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/16/e3-2015-next-hitman-announced-at-sony-conference . 12 June 2018 . live.
  62. Web site: Hitman delayed until March 2016 . Jeffrey . Matulef . 22 September 2015 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141925/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-09-22-hitman-delayed-until-march-2016 . 12 June 2018 . live.
  63. Web site: Hitman changes release structure again, now 'fully episodic' . Michael . McWhertor . 14 January 2016 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142445/https://www.polygon.com/2016/1/14/10770628/hitman-dlc-fully-episodic . 12 June 2018 . live.
  64. Web site: Hitman: Episode 6 – Hokkaido is the Season Finale and out later this month . Stephany . Nunneley . 12 October 2016 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145235/https://www.vg247.com/2016/10/12/hitman-episode-6-hokkaido-is-the-season-finale-and-out-later-this-month/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  65. Web site: The Division director joins Hitman developer Io-Interactive . Jeffrey . Matulef . 21 March 2016 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612225636/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-03-21-the-division-director-joins-hitman-developer-io-interactive . 12 June 2018 . live.
  66. Web site: The Division director jumps ship to IO Interactive . Matthew . Jarvis . 18 March 2016 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203513/https://www.mcvuk.com/the-division-director-jumps-ship-to-io-interactive/ . 22 September 2019 . live.
  67. Web site: Japanske ejere sparker benene væk under dansk spilgigant . da . Japanese owners kick their legs away under the Danish gaming giant . Thomas . Breinstrup . 11 May 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141143/https://www.business.dk/digital/japanske-ejere-sparker-benene-vaek-under-dansk-spilgigant . 12 June 2018 . live.
  68. Web site: IO Interactive names new studio head . James . Batchelor . 23 February 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141010/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-02-23-io-interactive-names-new-studio-head . 12 June 2018 . live.
  69. Web site: IO Interactive studio head leaves Hitman dev after seven years . Chris . Kerr . 23 February 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140153/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/292308/IO_Interactive_studio_head_leaves_Hitman_dev_after_seven_years.php . 12 June 2018 . live.
  70. Web site: Agent 47 is bald because hair was just too difficult . Jordan . Devore . 26 May 2018 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203515/https://www.destructoid.com/agent-47-is-bald-because-hair-was-just-too-difficult-504594.phtml . 22 September 2019 . live.
  71. Web site: Square Enix drops Hitman developer IO Interactive . Samit . Sarkar . 11 May 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831213743/https://www.polygon.com/2017/5/11/15623158/io-interactive-square-enix-split-hitman . 31 August 2018 . live.
  72. Web site: Jobs lost at IO Interactive as Square Enix searches for buyer . James . Batchelor . 23 May 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142911/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-23-jobs-lost-at-io-interactive-as-square-enix-searches-for-buyer . 12 June 2018 . live.
  73. Web site: Hitman studio IO Interactive cuts down on staff . Allegra . Frank . 23 May 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140827/https://www.polygon.com/2017/5/23/15680104/hitman-io-interactive-layoffs . 12 June 2018 . live.
  74. Web site: IO Interactive becomes an independent studio, retains Hitman IP . Sean . Cleaver . 16 June 2017 . . 22 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203518/https://www.mcvuk.com/io-interactive-becomes-an-independent-studio-retains-hitman-ip/ . 22 September 2019 . live.
  75. Web site: IO Interactive is now independent . Matthew . Handrahan . 21 June 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143754/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-06-16-io-interactive-is-now-independent . 12 June 2018 . live.
  76. Web site: The Fall & Rise of Hitman (Documentary) . Noclip . Noclip . 29 July 2019 . . 26 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191211130535/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_stW6JvB4SI&feature=applinks . 11 December 2019 . live .
  77. Web site: More Hitman, more control: IO Interactive on its newfound independence . Matthew . Handrahan . 13 November 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143654/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-11-13-io-interactive-targets-more-hitman-and-more-control . 12 June 2018 . live.
  78. Web site: Io Interactive still have the rights to Freedom Fighters . Dustin . Bailey . 13 November 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162224/https://www.pcgamesn.com/hitman/hitman-io-interactive-freedom-fighters . 12 June 2018 . live.
  79. Web site: IO Interactive boss talks Hitman's future & reveals Kane & Lynch were lost 'in the divorce' from Square Enix . VideoGamer.com Staff . 13 November 2017 . VideoGamer.com . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162114/https://www.videogamer.com/news/io-interactive-boss-talks-hitmans-future-reveals-kane-lynch-were-lost-in-the-divorce-from-square-enix . 12 June 2018 . live.
  80. Web site: "It's not Hitman without IO": Why Square Enix set the franchise free . James . Batchelor . 22 November 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143321/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-11-22-its-not-hitman-without-io-why-square-enix-set-the-franchise-free . 12 June 2018 . live.
  81. Web site: Square Enix share their reasons for dropping Hitman studio Io . Dominic . Tarason . 26 November 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140823/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2017/11/26/square-enix-share-their-reasons-for-dropping-hitman-studio-io/ . 12 June 2018 . live.
  82. Web site: Hitman 2 Developer Talks About Its Painful Breakup With Square Enix . Eddie . Makuch . 28 October 2018 . . 29 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181029075405/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hitman-2-developer-talks-about-its-painful-breakup/1100-6462849/ . 29 October 2018 . live.
  83. Web site: Hitman is no longer Denuvo-protected; all profits from the game now go to the devs . Kirk . McKeand . 20 June 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140502/https://www.pcgamesn.com/hitman/hitman-denuvo-removed-io-profits . 12 June 2018 . live.
  84. Web site: IO Interactive confirms that there's a new Hitman in the works . Matt . Wales . 8 November 2017 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612231830/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-11-08-io-interactive-confirms-that-theres-a-new-hitman-in-the-works . 12 June 2018 . live.
  85. Web site: Hitman getting new 'Definitive Edition,' thanks to Warner Bros. . Michael . McWhertor . 4 April 2018 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135919/https://www.polygon.com/2018/4/4/17197174/hitman-definitive-edition-release-date-io-interactive-warner-bros . 12 June 2018 . live.
  86. Web site: Hitman Developers Team Up With Warner Bros. to Release New "Definitive Edition" of Hitman . Matt . Kim . 4 April 2018 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141848/https://www.usgamer.net/articles/hitman-developers-team-up-with-warner-bros-to-release-new-definitive-edition . 12 June 2018 . live.
  87. Web site: Hitman 2 announced for November, see the first trailer . Christopher . Livingston . 7 June 2018 . . 10 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180610095435/https://www.pcgamer.com/hitman-2-announced-for-november-see-the-first-trailer/ . 10 June 2018 . live.
  88. Web site: Hitman 2 will release this year and is not episodic . Ali . Jones . 7 June 2018 . . 7 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180608225527/https://www.pcgamesn.com/hitman-2/hitman-2-reveal-trailer . 8 June 2018 . live.
  89. Web site: Hitman 2 announced, coming this November . Michael . McWhertor . 7 June 2018 . . 7 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180607182754/https://www.polygon.com/2018/6/7/17438514/hitman-2-release-date-announcement . 7 June 2018 . live.
  90. Web site: IO Interactive reveals brand new studio in Malmö . Sergio . Figueroa . 16 January 2019 . . 16 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190116194321/https://www.gamereactor.eu/news/725893/IO+Interactive+reveals+brand+new+studio+in+Malmo/ . 16 January 2019 . dead .
  91. Web site: Warner Bros partners with IO Interactive for new game . Rebekah . Valentine . 10 October 2019 . . 11 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191010225956/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-10-10-warner-bros-partners-with-io-interactive-for-new-game . 10 October 2019 . live .
  92. Web site: 11 June 2020. Announcing HITMAN 3. 11 June 2020. IO Interactive. en-US. 2 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190207/https://www.ioi.dk/announcing-hitman-3/. live.
  93. Web site: Hitman Developer Announces New Bond Game, Project 007 . Joe . Skrebels . 19 November 2020 . . 19 November 2020 . 19 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201119140855/https://www.ign.com/articles/hitman-developer-announces-new-bond-game-project-007 . live .
  94. Web site: Hitman developer IO is making a James Bond game . Tom . Phillips . 19 November 2020 . 19 November 2020 . . 19 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201119141134/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-11-19-hitman-developer-io-reveals-fresh-project . live .
  95. Web site: IO reckons its Bond game could be start of a trilogy . Alex . Calvin . 26 January 2021 . 26 January 2021 . . 26 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145309/https://www.vg247.com/2021/01/26/io-bond-trilogy/ . live .
  96. Web site: Hitman Developer's James Bond Won't Be Based on Any Previous Actor . Jordan . Oloman . 26 January 2021 . 26 January 2021 . . 26 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126153915/https://www.ign.com/articles/hitman-developers-james-bond-wont-be-based-on-any-previous-actor . live .
  97. Web site: Hitman and Project 007 developer IO Interactive opens Barcelona studio . Chris . Kerr . April 16, 2021 . April 16, 2021 . . 16 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210416150845/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/379989/Hitman_and_Project_007_developer_IO_Interactive_opens_Barcelona_studio.php . live .
  98. Web site: Project Fantasy . 2023-03-01 . ioi.dk . en.
  99. Web site: Hitman developer IO Interactive has opened a studio in England . Tom . Ivan . July 6, 2023 . July 6, 2023 . .
  100. Web site: Assets and Entities in the Glacier 2 Engine / Maurizio de Pascale, Technical Director IO Interactive. YouTube.
  101. Web site: CES 2022: NVIDIA RTX Coming to 10 More Games, Including the Day Before, Rainbow Six Extraction, & Escape from Tarkov.
  102. Web site: Intel® Arc™- Xe Super Sampling. Intel.
  103. https://www.amd.com/en/technologies/radeon-software-fidelityfx-super-resolution Super resolution
  104. Web site: How the Dawn Engine is powering the next wave of Deus Ex games. MCV. 11 February 2015.

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