International reactions to the Gaza War (2008–2009) explained

International reaction to the Gaza War 2008-2009 came from many countries and international organisations.

International reaction to the conflict was also notable in the level of civilian demonstrations all around the world, which in many cases displayed sentiment significantly different from the official government line.[1] [2]

Long-term effects and reaction

In the aftermath of the crisis, observers suggested Israel's diplomatic position and foreign reputation had been permanently tainted. The New York Times reported in March that Israel was "facing its worst diplomatic crisis in two decades."[3] Other effects on Israel included: Its sports teams met hostility and violent protests in Sweden, Spain and Turkey. Mauritania closed Israel's embassy. Relations with Turkey, an important Muslim ally, deteriorated severely. A group of top international judges and human rights investigators called for an inquiry into Israel's actions in Gaza. "Israel Apartheid Week" drew participants in 54 cities around the world in March 2009, twice the number of last year, according to its organisers. "And even in the American Jewish community...there is a chill."[3]

Official reactions

Involved parties

Israel - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said "we tried to avoid, and I think quite successfully, to hit any uninvolved people - we attacked only targets that are part of the Hamas organisations".

- Ismail Haniyeh, Hamas' leader in Gaza, called Israel's attacks an "ugly massacre". The leader of Hamas in Damascus, Khaled Mashal, threatened revenge attacks, saying "the time for the Third Intifada has come".[4]

- President Mahmoud Abbas condemned the attacks and called for restraint.[5] President Mahmoud Abbas blamed Hamas for triggering Israel's deadly raids on Gaza by not extending a six-month truce with Israel.[6] Speaking from Cairo on December 28, 2008, he said that 'we ask[ed] [Hamas] ... not [to] end the truce. Let the truce continue and not stop so that we could have avoided what happened'.[7] Later he called Israeli attacks "barbaric and criminal aggression", and threatened to cut off negotiations with Israel.[8] Fathi Abu Moughli, the Palestinian minister of health, abruptly cut off the payments to Israeli hospitals for treatment of Palestinian patients, forcing hundreds of Palestinians to halt their treatments and cutting them off from proper medical care.[9] [10] [11]

United Nations

The United Nations Security Council issued a statement on December 28, 2008, calling, "for an immediate halt to all violence",[12] [13] the Arab League,[14] and the European Union made similar calls,[15] as did Argentina, Brazil, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, South Korea and Vietnam.[12] Libya pushed to issue a Security Council Resolution urging for a cease-fire, an effort which the US blocked, citing the failure of the statement made December 28.[16] [17]

On January 9, 2009, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1860 calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and a full Israeli withdrawal by 14 votes to one abstention (the United States), even though US diplomats had been involved in its drafting.[18] Israel and Hamas both ignored calls for a ceasefire.[19]

The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution ES-10/18 on January 16, 2009, calling for support of Security Council Resolution 1860. Only 3 countries (Israel, United States, Nauru) voted against the Resolution.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called for an immediate ceasefire and condemned both Israel and Hamas.[20]

The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navanethem Pillay, called for independent investigations into possible war crimes committed by Israeli forces in the Gaza Strip.[21]

International Organisations

Non-governmental organisations

Countries

Most of the world condemned both belligerents, or neither of them, and simply called for peace or expressed concern for civilian casualties.

Thirty-five states condemned Israel's attacks exclusively. Three of them expressed support for Hamas' operations or defined them as falling within its right of resistance. Bolivia, Mauritania, Qatar, and Venezuela significantly downscaled or severed their relations with Israel in protest of the offensive.

Nineteen states, mostly in the western world, condemned Hamas' attacks exclusively. Thirteen of them expressed support for Israel's operations or defined them as falling within Israel's right to self-defense.

For detailed diplomatic responses, refer to the table below.

Other sovereign entities

Others

Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah has warned that there was a possibility of renewing another conflict. He stated that he was ready for another confrontation with Israel and had previously put all his fighters in the Israeli-Lebanese border on high alert.[239]

Religious leaders

South African Anglican Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu said Israel's bombardment of Gaza "bears all the hallmarks of war crimes. In the context of total aerial supremacy, in which one side in a conflict deploys lethal aircraft against opponents with no means of defending themselves, the bombardment bears all the hallmarks of war crimes." The attacks would not contribute to the security of Israel, he said.[240]

Iraqi Shia leader Ali al-Sistani, called for decisive action by Arab and Muslim states for an end to Israeli attacks on Gaza. Though he condemned the operation, he stated that "supporting our brothers only with words is meaningless, considering the big tragedy they are facing."

Civilian demonstrations and protests

Major protests against Israel were held worldwide.[241] [242] Protesters in London, Paris, Oslo, and other cities clashed with the police.[243] [244] Throughout the West Bank, daily demonstrations were held against the Israeli attacks. Some demonstrations developed to "violent" clashes between stone throwers and Israeli security forces. At least two Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces in the West Bank during protests against the offensive on Gaza: On January 4, a man among a crowd in Qalqilya who clashed with Israeli forces was shot dead, while on January 16, a teenager died after being shot in the head during a demonstration in Hebron.[245] [246] The Palestinian Center For Human Rights (PCHR) reported that between January 15 and January 21, 36 others, including 16 children, were wounded by Israeli forces in the West Bank in various protests against the offensive.[247] There were global isolated attacks against Jewish and Israeli targets,.[248] [249] Over 300 Israeli websites were hacked and defaced with anti-Israeli and anti-US messages during the first days of the conflict.[250] [251] In France, anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim attacks spiked after December 27.[252] and similar increase in attacks happened in the United Kingdom and Sweden.[253]

On January 10, a new wave of protests were held in Europe. In London, an estimated 100,000 people protested against the Israeli attacks. Further protests were held across Europe.[254] [255] Nearly 10,000 gathered in New York City on January 11 to support Israel.[256] In the United States, a McClatchy / Ipsos poll showed that 44% of the general public favored the Israeli operation,[257] while a CNN poll showed that 63% thought Israeli military operation was justified.[258] CNN also reported that 75% of Republicans and 52% of Democrats held this view, though Newsweek found 55% of Republicans and 45% of Democrats approved of Israeli actions.[259] In the Jewish community, the ADL showed that 79% felt the Israeli response was appropriate.[260] Many demonstrations against the strikes occurred in cities around the world,[241] and in Israel protests both for and against the strikes were held.[261] [262] In Egypt, the protests caused the government to reopen the Rafah border crossing to allow the delivery of food and medicine to the Gaza Strip.[263]

The largest protest, of up to a million people, was held at a government organised event in Damascus on January 7.[264] On December the 10th, a new wave of protests were held in Europe. In London, 50,000 people marched to the Israeli embassy - the largest ever pro-Palestinian demonstration in the UK. In Paris 30,000 people marched with banners reading 'We are all children of Gaza'. Further protests were held across Europe.[265] [266]

The Israeli peace movement Gush Shalom condemned the war;[267] they marched in Tel-Aviv in a massive demonstration.[268]

Demonstrations condemning the Israeli offensive

Protests were held in the following cities. A number of student 'sit-in's were also organised, calling upon university authorities to condemn the Israeli bombing of educational institutions in Gaza.

Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the "><" icon.Size figures are according to police estimates. Other estimates are noted in the "Notes" box.

Demonstrations supporting Israel

Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the "><" icon.

Demonstrations calling for peace

Artists' response

Songs

Theatre plays

A Play for Gaza is a controversial six-page, 10-minute play by British playwright and a co-patron of the Palestine Solidarity Campaign Caryl Churchill, written in response to the Gaza War, and first performed at London's Royal Court Theatre on 6 February 2009. Churchill has said that anyone wishing to produce it may do so gratis, so long as they hold a collection for the people of Gaza at the end. consists of seven scenes spread over roughly seventy years, in which Jewish adults discuss what, or whether, their children should be told about certain events in recent Jewish history that the play alludes to only indirectly.Short plays written in response to Seven Jewish Children

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Gaza attacks: Israeli strikes spark protests across world . The Telegraph . 2008-12-29 . 2009-09-19. London.
  2. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7802078.stm BBC NEWS|UK|London protest over raids on Gaza
  3. News: After Gaza, Israel Grapples With Crisis of Isolation. Ethan. Bronner. The New York Times . 18 March 2009. NYTimes.com.
  4. News: After IAF strike kills at least 230 in Gaza, Hamas chief vows third Intifada has come. Haaretz. 2008-12-28. 2008-12-28. 28 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081228231656/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1050359.html. dead.
  5. News: Israel set for prolonged Gaza op. BBC. 2008-12-28. 2008-12-28.
  6. News: Abbas blames Hamas for bloodshed.. alJazeera Magazine. 2008-12-28.
  7. News: Abbas blames Hamas for failing to avert violence . France 24 . 2008-12-28 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090519080653/http://www.france24.com/en/20081228-abbas-says-he-tried-continue-truce-avoid-violence-gaza-israel . 2009-05-19 .
  8. News: Israel rebuffs Gaza ceasefire calls . Al Jazeera . 2009-01-01 .
  9. https://web.archive.org/web/20090322173621/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hPYMoVXWnhnkL5r5BWJsAH1AISrwD970HLO00 Arab child's sickbed is part of the battleground
  10. News: Berg . Raffi . Israel's dilemma over sick Gazans . BBC News . 2008-04-30 . 2009-09-19.
  11. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/middleeast/10patients.html Palestinians Stop Paying Israeli Hospitals for Gaza and West Bank Patients
  12. News: U.N. Security Council calls for end to Gaza violence. Worsnip. Patrick . Todd Eastham. December 28, 2008. Reuters . December 28, 2008.
  13. News: Reaction in quotes: Gaza bombing. December 27, 2008. BBC News. December 27, 2008.
  14. A rush to broker peace in Gaza. Christian Science Monitor . Christian Science Monitor.
  15. News: Castle. Stephen. Katrin Bennhold. Europe Sends Two Missions to Promote a Cease-Fire. New York Times. 2009-01-05. 2010-05-05.
  16. News: Israeli tanks, soldiers invade Gaza Strip. https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100123035448/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL4657519._CH_.2400. dead. 2010-01-23. Reuters. 2009-01-04. Nidal al-Mughrabi. 2009-01-04.
  17. News: US blocks UN Security Council action on Gaza. 2008-01-04. 2008-01-04. Edith M. Lederer. Associated Press.
  18. News: White House 'behind' US volte-face on ceasefire call. January 9, 2009. Guardian. London. Julian. Borger. 2009-01-09.
  19. News: UN ceasefire call goes unheeded. 2009-01-09 . 2009-09-19. BBC News.
  20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7804051.stm Israel pounds Gaza for fourth day
  21. News: Reuters . Uk.reuters.com . 2009-01-09 . 2009-09-19.
  22. News: Massive Israeli air raids on Gaza. 2008-12-27. BBC News. 2008-12-27.
  23. News: Ban 'appalled' by Gaza's damage. 2009-01-20. BBC.
  24. Web site: Israel accused of Gaza genocide. January 14, 2009. Al Jazeera. 2009-01-14.
  25. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2009/10/human-rights-council-decides-dispatch-urgent-fact-finding-mission-occupied
  26. Web site: WHO warns of rise in deaths, human suffering in Gaza. https://web.archive.org/web/20081230234814/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2008/s15/en/index.html. dead. December 30, 2008.
  27. News: Israel vows to keep up Gaza attacks. CNN. 2008-12-27. 2008-12-28.
  28. Web site: Extraordinary Arab summit to be held in Doha on Jan. 2 . 2008-12-28 . Gulf Times . 2008-12-28 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090101140500/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=263351&version=1&template_id=57&parent_id=56 . 2009-01-01 .
  29. News: Wide rifts on show at Arab summit. 2008-01-19. BBC. 2009-05-06.
  30. Web site: Arab League: Israel is waging a financial war. https://web.archive.org/web/20110721135503/http://www.infoprod.co.il/article/2/293. 21 July 2011.
  31. OIC FM meeting on Gaza wraps up. Organisation of The Islamic Conference
  32. OIC Secretary General condemns the Israeli ground incursion into Gaza and calls for a General Assembly meeting upon failure by UN Security Council to adopt binding resolution. Organisation of The Islamic Conference
  33. News: EU calls for permanent ceasefire in Gaza Strip . Reuters . 2008-12-30 . James. MacKenzie.
  34. Web site: EP President Pöttering expresses "deepest regret" over the Gaza conflict . Europarl.europa.eu . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090215185803/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/infopress_page/030-45935-012-01-03-903-20090112IPR45934-12-01-2009-2009-true/default_en.htm . 2009-02-15 .
  35. News: EU envoy lays Gaza blame on Hamas . BBC News . 2009-01-26 . 2009-09-19.
  36. Web site: ICRC news release from 28 December 2008 . Icrc.org . 2008-12-28 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091006104529/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/israel-palestine-news-281208 . October 6, 2009 .
  37. Web site: Non-Aligned Movement strongly condemns escalated Israeli military aggression in Gaza . News.xinhuanet.com . 2009-01-08 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121023114650/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-01/08/content_10620904.htm . 2012-10-23 .
  38. News: Mercosur calls for end of violence and peace talks in Gaza. 2008-12-29. 2009-01-04. Mercopress.
  39. Web site: OAS Secretary General rejects Violence in the Gaza Strip and calls for a New Peace Initiative. 2008-12-29. OAS. 2008-12-29.
  40. Web site: Gaza-strip Communique . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090205224646/http://www.africa-union.org/root/UA/Actualites/2008/dec/PA/Gaza%20strip%20-%20Communique%2029-12-08.doc . 2009-02-05 .
  41. Web site: End unlawful attacks and meet Gaza's emergency needs. 29 December 2008. 2009-01-01. Amnesty International.
  42. Web site: Suffering of innocents mounts in Gaza . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090306133339/http://www.caritas.org/activities/emergencies/suffering_of_innocents_mounts_in_gaza.html . 2009-03-06 .
  43. Web site: Folk forandrer verden. Norwegian People's Aid.
  44. Web site: World Council of Churches condemns Gaza violence.
  45. News: Church Group: Gaza-Israel Bloodshed Must Stop Immediately. 2008-12-30.
  46. Web site: Jewish Voice For Peace . Jewish Voice For Peace . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090325071155/http://www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org/publish/article_1159.shtml . 2009-03-25 .
  47. http://news.trend.az/index.shtml?show=news&newsid=1385352&lang=en Trend News : Afghanistan condemns Israeli strikes on Palestinians
  48. http://www.mfa.gov.al/web/Press_Statement_8600_2.php?kc=0,20,0,0,0 Press Statement
  49. https://archive.today/20120731021203/http://www.echoroukonline.com/eng/topnews/4465.html Algeria condemns Israel's crimes against humanity: PM
  50. Web site: Argentina se suma al pedido de cese de violencia . Telam . 2008-12-28 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110531173836/http://www.telam.com.ar/vernota.php?tipo=N&dis=1&sec=1&idPub=129362&id=269173&idnota=269173 . 2011-05-31 .
  51. http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/pr_08/081229_gaza.html Meeting of Heads of Armenian Diplomatic Missions
  52. News: Madigan . Michael . Kevin Rudd asks Israel to show humanity in Gaza invasion . https://archive.today/20120911153310/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24877577-953,00.html . dead . 2012-09-11 . News.com.au . 2009-01-06 . 2009-09-19.
  53. News: Govt backs calls to halt Gaza violence. January 5, 2009. The Sydney Morning Herald. 2009-01-05.
  54. Web site: Spindelegger on the situation in Gaza: "Stability and security not achievable through military means". Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008-12-30. 2011-05-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110522094738/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/news/presseaussendungen/2008/spindelegger-zur-situation-in-gaza-stabilitaet-und-sicherheit-nicht-durch-militaerische-mittel-erreichbar.html.
  55. Web site: Development Team at BNA . Parliament Condemns Israeli Barbaric Policy in Gaza . English.bna.bh . 2008-12-30 . 2009-09-19 .
  56. Web site: The Earthtimes . Bangladesh's Hasina condemns Israeli aggression on Gaza . Earthtimes.org . 2009-01-05 . 2009-09-19.
  57. Web site: ArmeniaForeignMinistry.com, BelarusEmbassy.org . Mfa.gov.by . 2009-09-19 .
  58. Web site: ICT 4.3 Webteam . Condemnation by Minister De Gucht of the escalation of military violence in Gaza . Diplobel.fgov.be . 2000-03-16 . 2009-09-19.
  59. Web site: Bolivia denounces Israeli raids against Gaza Strip . News.xinhuanet.com . 2008-12-31 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090101150339/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/31/content_10585620.htm . 2009-01-01 .
  60. News: Bolivia cuts Israel ties over Gaza . . 15 January 2009.
  61. Web site: Bosnia ready to dispatch medical team to Gaza - president . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721221018/http://www.khabrein.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19218&Itemid=57 . usurped . July 21, 2011 . Khabrein.info . 2009-01-20 . 2009-09-19.
  62. Web site: BiH Presidency Member Dr Haris Silajdzic visits Palestinian Ambassador Amir Saker Rostom . Predsjednistvobih.ba . 2009-01-06 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110726122849/http://www.predsjednistvobih.ba/saop/1/?cid=12999%2C1%2C1 . 2011-07-26 .
  63. Web site: Dodik uputio pismo podrške izraelskom predsedniku . Blic.rs . 2009-01-17 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090925042422/http://www.blic.rs/repsrpska.php?id=74722 . 2009-09-25 .
  64. Web site: Botswana: Country Breaks Its Silence On Israeli Aggression . Allafrica.com . 2009-01-07 . 2009-09-19.
  65. Web site: Situation in the Gaza Strip . Brazilian Ministry of External Relations . 2008-12-27 . 2009-01-11 . https://archive.today/20090111164503/http://www.mre.gov.br/ingles/imprensa/nota_detalhe3.asp?ID_RELEASE=6176 . dead .
  66. Web site: Escalation of the Israeli military offensive in the Gaza Strip . . 2008-12-30 .
  67. http://www.mfa.gov.bn/announcement/20081231.htm Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade Official Website, Brunei Darussalam
  68. News: Bulgaria Foreign Ministry Calls for Peace in Gaza. Sofia News Agency. 2008-12-28. 2008-12-29.
  69. Web site: Security Council Sixty-third year 6060th meeting. United Nations Security Council. 2008-12-31. 2009-01-23.
  70. News: Mideast. CBC. 2008-12-27.
  71. Web site: Governo apoia apelo ao estabelecimento de cessar-fogo na Faixa de Gaza . Governo.cv . 2009-01-15 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111004163748/http://www.governo.cv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1234&Itemid=99999999 . 2011-10-04 .
  72. http://www.minrel.gov.cl/prontus_minrel/site/artic/20081227/pags/20081227231501.php Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile - Chile condena ataques perpetrados en la Franja de Gaza
  73. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-01/01/content_10588518.htm Chilean president defends stand on Gaza situation_English_Xinhua
  74. News: UN Security Council calls for immediate halt to Gaza violence. haaretz.com. 2008-12-28. 2008-12-28.
  75. Web site: Venezuela expels Israeli ambassador . Channelnewsasia.com . 2009-09-19.
  76. Web site: Congolese leader urges UN to end Gaza hostilities . Afriquejet.com . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111005231213/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/congolese-leader-urges-un-to-end-gaza-hostilities-2009010919103.html . 2011-10-05 .
  77. Web site: Costa Rica criticises Israel, Hamas . Ticotimes.net . 2009-01-06 . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090712025847/http://www.ticotimes.net/dailyarchive/2009_01/0106091.htm . 2009-07-12 .
  78. Web site: President Concerned Over Middle East Violence . Javno.com . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081229024309/http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=218870 . 2008-12-29 .
  79. News: Rival Cypriot leaders condemn Israel .
  80. News: Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the recent events in Gaza. MFA View. 2008-12-28. 2008-12-28. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716053001/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/C2677CE19B0A579FC225752E00286789?OpenDocument. 2011-07-16.
  81. News: Schwarzenberg: Israel has right to defend itself against Hamas . Czech News Agency . 2008-12-29 .
  82. News: Czechs, next EU president, defend Israeli strikes. December 30, 2008. Reuters UK. https://web.archive.org/web/20081231062558/http://uk.reuters.com/article/UKNews1/idUKTRE4BT1RC20081230. live. December 31, 2008.
  83. https://archive.today/20120731104544/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gwcYX4aJd0yFDF_Z3d83Im5hLA2Q Czech EU spokesman sorry for calling Israeli action defensive
  84. News: Per Stig: Vold i Gaza bekymrende. TV2 Nyhederne. 2008-12-28. 2008-12-30.
  85. Web site: Thousands join protest against Gaza offensive, arrests (Roundup). Monsters and Critics. 2009-01-13. 2012-09-09. dead. https://archive.today/20120909155237/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/printer_1453320.php.
  86. Web site: Dominican Government calls for Israel's immediate withdrawal from Gaza . Dominicantoday.com . 2009-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525030315/http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/local/2009/1/16/30775/Dominican-Government-calls-for-Israels-immediate-withdrawal-from-Gaza . 2011-05-25 .
  87. Web site: Ecuador Pide Materializar una Condena Contre Israel . Mmrree.gov.ec . 2009-09-19.
  88. News: Egypt Lays Blame on Hamas. Ynetnews. Behnorin, Yitzhak. December 27, 2008. 2008-12-27.
  89. News: Arab and Islamic leaders condemn deadly raids on Gaza. Sood. Manish. 2008-12-27. Topnews. 2008-12-27. 18 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110718112834/http://topnews.us/content/21577-arab-and-islamic-leaders-condemn-deadly-raids-gaza. dead.
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  91. News: Egypt: Hamas denying Gaza wounded treatment in Egypt. 2008-12-28. Reuters. 2008-12-28.
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  93. Libya calling the operation a "horrible massacre" - News: United Nations Security Council 6060th meeting (Click on the page S/PV.6060 record for transcript) . 2008-12-31 . 2009-01-07 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081217092241/http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scact2008.htm . 2008-12-17 .
  94. Web site: Gobierno de El Salvador pide cese de hostilidades en franja de Gaza . Unionradio.com.ve . 2009-09-19 .
  95. Web site: Press Statement By Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Eritrean Ministry of Information. 2008-12-30. https://archive.today/20090125141157/http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_009246.html. dead. 2009-01-25.
  96. Web site: President Isaias' Interview with the National Media Regarding National, Regional and Global Issues – Part III. 2009-01-21. Eritrean Ministry of Information. 2009-01-30. dead. https://archive.today/20090130034651/http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_009339.html.
  97. News: Estonia Calls for End to Violence in Gaza Region. VM. 2008-12-30. 2011-06-05. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110605090145/http://www.vm.ee/eng/kat_138/10496.html.
  98. Web site: Report by H.E. Ato Meles Zenawi Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia at the Sixth Summit of the Sana'a Forum for Cooperation. 2008-12-30. 2011-11-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20111106170456/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/Sana%27a_Forum_PM_Speech.pdf. dead.
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  100. News: Israeli Air Raids in Gaza Kill as Many as 210 People. Bloomberg L.P.. 2008-12-27. 2008-12-27.
  101. News: Europe at odds over Israeli land offensive in Gaza. Calgary Herald. 2009-01-03. 2009-01-03.
  102. News: Gaza : Paris condamne une "escalade militaire dangereuse". Nouvel Observateur. 2009-01-05. 2009-01-08.
  103. News: Fillon: la situation humanitaire à Gaza est "intolérable". Le Monde. 2009-01-08. 2009-01-08.
  104. Web site: www.afriquecentrale.info . Gaza : position équilibrée du président Sassou . Afriquecentrale.info . 2009-09-19 .
  105. News: Jammeh decries "Palestine holocaust" . Afrique en Ligne . 2009-01-02 . 2009-01-02 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722141859/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/jammeh-decries-%22palestine-holocaust%22-2009010218671.html . 2011-07-22 .
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