International Office of Public Hygiene explained

Native Name:Office International d'Hygiène Publique
Symbol Type:Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting Hygieia
Image Symbol:Hygieia (logo of the Office International d'Hygiene Publique).svg
Symbol Width:175px
Status:Former international organization
Event Start:Arrangement of Rome
Year Start:1907
Date Start:9 December
Event End:Dissolution
Year End:1946
Date End:22 July
S1:World Health Organization
Flag S1:Flag of WHO.svg
Common Name:OIHP
Official Languages:French
Admin Center:195 boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris
Recognized Languages:French
Coordinates:48.8548°N 2.3253°W

The International Office of Public Hygiene (OIPH), also known by its French name as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), was an international organization founded 9 December 1907 and based in Paris, France.[1] It merged into the World Health Organization in 1946.[2] [3]

It is the world's first universal health organization. Member states exchanged information about the presence and spread of disease, as well as provided recommendations for sanitation. The organization helped restructure public health services in Greece and China in the late 1920s.

History

It was created to oversee international rules regarding the quarantining of ships and ports to prevent the spread of plague and cholera, and to administer other public health conventions,[4] leading to engage on other epidemics, and the collection of broader epidemiological data on various diseases, as well as issues such as the control of medicinal opium, cannabis, and other drugs,[5] the traumas created by World War I, etc.

The OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the Health Organization (French: Organisation d'Hygiène) of the League of Nations,[6] in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the League of Nations' Health Committee.[7]

The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946[8] and its epidemiological service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization on 1 January 1947. However, the OIHP remained in existence legally until 1952.

Organisation

The OIHP was managed by a "Permanent Committee" chaired successively by Rocco Santoliquido (1908-1919), Oscar Velghe (1919-1932), George S. Buchanan (1932-1936).[9] [10] Important personalities were taking part in the work of the OIHP such as Camille Barrère.

As of 1933, the OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:[11]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Markel . H. . 2014 . Worldly approaches to global health: 1851 to the present . Public Health . en . 128 . 2 . 124–128 . 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.08.004. 24412079 .
  2. Allen . Charles E. . 1950 . World Health and World Politics . International Organization . en . 4 . 1 . 28-30 . 10.1017/S0020818300028630 . 1531-5088.
  3. Book: Johnson, Steven . Steven Johnson (author)

    . Steven Johnson (author) . Extra Life . . 2021 . 978-0-525-53885-1 . 1st . 57–58 . en.

  4. Book: Iriye, Akira. Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. University of California Press. Berkeley. 2002. 0520231279.
  5. Web site: Riboulet-Zemouli . Kenzi . Ghehiouèche . Farid . Krawitz . Michael A. . Michael Krawitz . 2022 . Cannabis amnesia – Indian hemp parley at the Office International d'Hygiène Publique in 1935 . 2022-09-06 . authorea.com . Preprint . 10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1. 31 January 2024 .
  6. 1924. The International Health Organization Of The League Of Nations. The British Medical Journal. 1. 3302. 672–675. 20436330 . 0007-1447.
  7. Book: Howard-Jones, Norman. International public health between the two world wars : the organizational problems. World Health Organization. 1979. 9241560584. Geneva. 10665/39249 .
  8. Web site: Protocol concerning the Office international d'hygiène publique; New York, 22 July 1946. 2021-10-17. treaties.un.org. United Nations Treaty Collection. EN.
  9. 1934-02-01 . Sir George Buchanan, C.B . Nature . en . 133 . 3355 . 242 . 10.1038/133242a0 . 1934Natur.133Q.242. . 4071333 . 1476-4687. free .
  10. Web site: Sir George Seaton Buchanan RCP Museum . 2022-01-24 . history.rcplondon.ac.uk.
  11. Book: Office international d'Hygiène publique . Vingt-cinq ans d'activité de l'Office international d'Hygiène publique (1909-1933) . 1933 . Office international d'hygiène publique . Paris . French . https://web.archive.org/web/20220126084145/https://www.who.int/library/collections/publique_hygiene_1909_1933.pdf . 2022-01-26 . dead.