Intercontinental Cup (football) explained

Intercontinental Cup
Organiser:UEFA
CONMEBOL
Founded:1960
Abolished:2004
Region:Europe and
South America
(1960–1979)
Japan (1980–2004)
Number Of Teams:2
Related Comps:UEFA Champions League
Copa Libertadores
FIFA Club World Cup
FIFA Intercontinental Cup
Copa Rio
Current Champions: Porto
(2nd title)
Most Successful Club: Boca Juniors
Milan
Nacional
Peñarol
Real Madrid
(3 titles each)

The Intercontinental Cup, also known as the Toyota European/South American Cup (abbreviated as Toyota Cup) for sponsorship reasons, from 1980 to 2004, was an international football competition endorsed by UEFA (Europe) and CONMEBOL (South America),[1] [2] contested between representative clubs from these confederations (representatives of most developed continents in the football world), usually the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the South American Copa Libertadores. It ran from 1960 to 2004, when it was succeeded by the FIFA Club World Championship, although they both ran concurrently in 2000.

From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was as a two-legged tie, with a play-off if necessary until 1968, and penalty kicks later. During the 1970s, European participation in the Intercontinental Cup became a running question due to controversial events in the 1969 match,[3] and some European Cup-winning teams withdrew.[4] From 1980, the competition was rebranded and contested as a single match played in Japan, regarded neutral territory for both contestants, and sponsored by multinational automaker Toyota, which offered a secondary trophy, the Toyota Cup.[5] At that point, the Japan Football Association was involved at a logistical level as host,[6] though it continued to be endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL.[7] [8]

The first winner of the cup was Spanish side Real Madrid, who beat Peñarol of Uruguay in 1960. The last winner was Portuguese side Porto, defeating Colombian side Once Caldas in a penalty shoot-out in 2004. The competition ended in 2004. Since 2017, past Intercontinental Cup winners have been recognised by FIFA as club world champions.

History

Beginnings

According to Brazilian newspaper Tribuna de Imprensa in 1958, the idea for the Intercontinental Cup rose in 1958 in a conversation between the then president of the Brazilian FA João Havelange and French journalist Jacques Goddet.[9] The first mention of the creation of the Intercontinental Cup and the Copa Libertadores was published by Brazilian and Spanish newspapers on 9 October 1958, referring to Havelange's announcement of the project to create such competitions, which he uttered during a UEFA meeting he attended as an invitee.[10] [11] [12] [13] Prior to this announcement, the reigning European champions, Real Madrid, played just one intercontinental club competition, the 1957 Tournoi de Paris (they also played the 1956 Pequeña Copa, but scheduled their participation in it before becoming European champions).[14] According to a video record of the highlights of the final match of the 1957 Tournoi de Paris, a video published by Journal Les Actualités Françaises on 19 June 1957,[15] that match, held between Real Madrid and Vasco da Gama, was the first match ever dubbed as "the best team of Europe vs. the best team of South America", as Madrid was the European champions and Vasco was the "Brazilian" (in fact, Rio de Janeiro) champions,[16] [17] having this match been held at Parc des Princes, then managed by Jacques Goddet; moreover, the 1957 Paris match was the only defeat of Real Madrid to a non-European side since becoming European champions in 1956 and prior to the Intercontinental Cup in 1960, having Madrid's then-president Santiago Bernabéu been one of the instigators of the Intercontinental Cup (see below); for these reasons, some sources have claimed that the 1957 match and the 1958 FIFA World Cup Brazilian victory have influenced the Europeans on the importance of South American football, and thus the idea in 1958 for the creation of the Intercontinental Cup[18] (the Madrid team declined to participate in the 1958 Paris Tournoi for it was held just 5 days before the final of the 1957/1958 European Cup).[19] The Madrid-Vasco 1957 match was described as "being like a club world cup match" by the Brazilian press,[20] [21] as was a June 1959 friendly between Real Madrid and Torneio Rio – São Paulo champions Santos, which Real Madrid won 5–3.[22]

Created in 1960 at the initiative of the European confederation (UEFA), with CONMEBOL's support, the European/South American Cup, known also as the Intercontinental Cup, was contested by the holders of the European Champion Clubs' Cup and the winners of its newly established South American equivalent, the Copa Libertadores. The competition was not endorsed by FIFA,[23] and in 1961 FIFA refused to allow it to take place unless the participants gave it a "private friendly match" status.[24] However, the competition went on regardless, with the endorsement of UEFA and CONMEBOL, both of whom include every edition of the competition in their records.[25] [26] [27] It was the brainchild of UEFA president Henri Delaunay, who also helped Jules Rimet in the realisation of the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930.[28] [29] Initially played over two legs, with a third match if required in the early years (when goal difference did not count), the competition had a rather turbulent existence. The first winners of the competition were Spanish club Real Madrid. Real Madrid managed to hold Uruguayan side Peñarol 0–0 in Montevideo and trounce the South Americans 5–1 in Madrid to win.[30] [31] [32]

After Real Madrid's victory in the first Intercontinental Cup, Barcelona newspaper Mundo Deportivo hailed the Madrid team as the first world champion club; although they pointed out that the competition "did not include Africans, Asians and other countries part to FIFA", they also expressed doubt that these regions presented football of the same quality as Europe and South America.[33] The Spaniards titled themselves world champions until FIFA stepped in and objected; citing that the competition did not grant the right to attempt participation to any other champions from outside Europe and South America, FIFA stated that they can only claim to be intercontinental champions of a competition played between two continental organisations[34] (in contrast to the Intercontinental Cup, the right to attempt participation at the FIFA World Cup, through FIFA invitation in 1930 and qualification process since 1934, was open to every FIFA member-country, regardless of the continent where it was located). Peñarol would appear again the following year and come out victorious after beating Portuguese club Benfica on the play-off; after a 1–0 win by the Europeans in Lisboa and a 5–0 trashing by the South Americans, a play-off at the Estadio Centenario saw the home side squeeze a 2–1 win to become the first South American side to win the competition.[35] [36] [37]

In 1962 the tournament grew more in worldwide attention after it was swept through the sublime football of a Santos team led by Pelé, considered by some the best club team of all times.[38] Os Santásticos, also known as O Balé Branco ("The White Ballet"), which dazzled the world during that time and containing stars such as Gilmar, Mauro, Mengálvio, Coutinho, and Pepe, won the title after defeating Benfica 3–2 in Rio de Janeiro and thrashing the Europeans 2–5 in their Estádio da Luz.[39] [40] [41] Santos would successfully defend the title in 1963 after being pushed all the way by Milan. After each side won 4–2 at their respective home legs, a play-off match at the Maracanã saw Santos keep the title after a tight 1–0 victory.[39] [42] The competition attracted the interest of other continents. The North and Central American confederation, CONCACAF, was created, among other reasons, to attempt the participation of North and Central American clubs in the Copa Libertadores, and thus in the Intercontinental Cup.[41] [43] Milan's fierce rivals, Inter Milan, would go on to win the 1964 and 1965 Intercontinental Cups, beating Argentine club Independiente on both occasions, in 1964 after a play-off match won at Santiago Bernabéu in extra time with a goal from Mario Corso, becoming the first European team to win two times in a row the competition.[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] Peñarol gained revenge for their loss in 1960 by crushing Real Madrid 4–0 in aggregate in 1966.[37] [49] [50]

Rioplatense violence

However, as a result of the violence often practised in the Copa Libertadores by Argentine and Uruguayan clubs during the 1960s,[51] disagreements with CONMEBOL, the lack of financial incentives and the violent, brutal and controversial way the Brazilian national team was treated in the 1966 FIFA World Cup by European teams, Brazilian football—including its club sides—declined to participate in international competitions in the late 1960s, including the Copa Libertadores and consequently the Intercontinental Cup. During this time, the competition became dogged by foul play.[52] Calendar problems, acts of brutality, even on the pitch, and boycotts tarnished its image, to the point of bringing into question the wisdom of organising it at all.

The 1967 games between Argentina's Racing Club and Scotland's Celtic were violent affairs, with the third decisive game being dubbed "The Battle of Montevideo" after three players from the Scottish side and two from the Argentine side were sent off. A fourth Celtic player was also dismissed near the end of the game, but amid the chaos he got away with staying on.[53] [54] [55] [56]

The following season, Argentine side Estudiantes de La Plata faced England's Manchester United in which the return leg saw Estudiantes come out on top of a bad-tempered series.[57] [58] [59] But it was the events of 1969 which damaged the competition's integrity.

[60] After a 3–0 win at San Siro, Milan went to Buenos Aires to play Estudiantes at La Bombonera.[61] [62] [63] Estudiantes' players booted balls at the Milan team as they warmed up and hot coffee was poured on the Italians as they emerged from the tunnel by Estudiantes' fans. Estudiantes resorted to inflicting elbows and allegedly even needles at the Milanese team in order to intimidate them. Pierino Prati was knocked unconscious and continued for a further 20 minutes despite suffering from a mild concussion. Estudiantes goalkeeper Alberto Poletti also punched Gianni Rivera, but the most vicious treatment was reserved for Néstor Combin, an Argentinean-born striker, who had faced accusations of being a traitor as he was on the opposite side of the intercontinental match.[60] [64] [65]

Combin was kicked in the face by Poletti and later had his nose and cheekbone broken by the elbow of Ramón Aguirre Suárez. Bloodied and broken, Combin was asked to return to the pitch by the referee but fainted. While unconscious, Combin was arrested by Argentine police on a charge of draft dodging, having not undertaken military service in the country. The player was forced to spend a night in the cells, eventually being released after explaining he had fulfilled national service requirements as a French citizen.[60] Estudiantes won the game 2–1 but Milan took the title on aggregate.[60] [63] [64] [65]

Italian newspaper Gazzetta dello Sport dubbed it "Ninety minutes of a man-hunt". The Argentinean press responded with "The English were right" – a reference to Alf Ramsey's famous description of the Argentina national football team as "animals" during the 1966 FIFA World Cup.[60] [64] [65] The Argentinean Football Association (AFA), under heavy international pressure, took stern action. Argentina's president, military dictator Juan Carlos Onganía, summoned Estudiantes delegate Oscar Ferrari and demanded "the severest appropriate measures in defence of the good name of the national sport. [It was a] lamentable spectacle which breached most norms of sporting ethics".[60] [64] [65] Poletti was banned from the sport for life, Suárez was banned for 30 games, and Eduardo Manera for 20 with the former and latter serving a month in jail.[60]

Degradation

Due to the brutality in the 1967 match, FIFA was called into providing penalties and regulating the tournament. However, FIFA stated that it could not stipulate regulations in a competition that it did not organise. Though the competition was endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL, René Courte, FIFA's General Sub-Secretary, wrote an article shortly afterwards (1967) stating that FIFA viewed the competition as a "European-South American friendly match".[66] Courte's statement was endorsed by then-FIFA president Sir Stanley Rous, who then stated that FIFA saw the Intercontinental Cup as a friendly match.[67] [68] [69] [70] After these controversial statements, Madrid newspaper ABC then pointed out that, though the Intercontinental Cup was not endorsed by FIFA, it was endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL, therefore being an "intercontinental jurisdiction" cup.[71] However, with the AFC and CONCACAF club competitions in place, FIFA opened the idea of supervising the Intercontinental Cup if it included those confederations, which was met with a negative response from its participating confederations, UEFA and CONMEBOL. According to Rous, CONCACAF and the Asian Football Confederation had requested in 1967 to participate in the Intercontinental Cup, which was rejected by UEFA and CONMEBOL. In 1970, the FIFA Executive Committee gathering put forward, unsuccessfully, a proposal for the expansion of the Intercontinental Cup into a Club World Cup with representative clubs of every existing continental confederation.[72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] Nevertheless, some European champions started to decline participation in the tournament after the events of 1969.

Estudiantes would face Dutch side Feyenoord the following season, which saw the Dutch side victorious. Oscar Malbernat ripped off Joop van Daele's glasses and trampled on them claiming that he was "not allowed to play with glasses".[78] [79] [80] [81] Dutch side Ajax, European champions of 1971, would decline to face Uruguay's Nacional due to violence in previous matches, which resulted in European Cup runners-up, Greek side Panathinaikos, participating.[82] [83] [84] Ajax fears about Nacional's brutal game were confirmed. In the first game in Athens, Uruguayan striker Julio Morales broke the leg of Yiannis Tomaras with a brutal blow. According to the Greek press of the time, the sound of the fracture was heard up to the stands. The Greek defender collapsed on the ground and was transported unconscious out of the field. The medical diagnosis was a fracture of the tibia and fibula, an injury that effectively ended his career.[85] Nacional won the series 3–2 on aggregate.[82] [83] [84] [86]

Ajax participated in 1972 against Independiente.[87] [88] [89] The team's arrival at Buenos Aires was extremely hostile: Johan Cruyff received several death threats from Independiente's local fan firms.[90] Due to the indifference from the Argentine police, Ajax manager Ştefan Kovács appointed an organised emergency security detail for the Nederlandse meester, headed by himself and team member Barry Hulshoff, described as a big and burly man.[90] In the first leg, Cruyff opened the scoring in Avellaneda at the 5th minute. As a result, Dante Mircoli retaliated with a vicious tackle a couple of minutes later; Cruyff was too injured to continue and the Dutch team found themselves being assaulted with tackles and punches.[87] [88] [89] Kovács had to convince his team to play on during half-time as his players wanted to withdraw.[87] [88] [89] Ajax squeezed a 1–1 tie and followed up with a 3–0 trounce in Amsterdam to win the Cup.[87] [88] [89] [91] Although Ajax were the defending champions, they again declined to participate in the 1973 Intercontinental Cup after Independiente won the Copa Libertadores again, leaving it to Juventus, European Cup runners-up, to play a single-match final won by the Argentines.[88] [89] [92] [93]

Also in 1973, French newspaper L'Équipe, which helped to bring about the birth of the European Cup, volunteered to sponsor a Club World Cup contested by the champions of Europe, South America, North and Central America, and Africa, the only continental club tournaments in existence at the time; the competition was to potentially take place in Paris between September and October 1974 with an eventual final to be held at the Parc des Princes.[94] [95] [96] [97] The proposal, supported by CONMEBOL,[94] was dismissed due to the negativity of the Europeans.[97] In 1974, João Havelange was elected president of FIFA, having made the proposal, among others, of creating a multicontinental Club World Cup. In 1975, L'Équipe once again made its 1973 proposal, again to no avail.

West German club Bayern Munich also declined to play in 1974 as Independiente again qualified to participate.[98] [99] [100] [101] European Cup runners-up Atlético Madrid from Spain won the competition 2–1 on aggregate.[98] [99] Once again, Independiente qualified to participate in 1975; this time, both finalists of the European Cup declined to participate and the competition was not played.[102] That same year, L'Équipe tried, once again, to create a Club World Cup, in which the participants would have been: the four semifinalists of the European Cup, both finalists of the Copa Libertadores, as well as the African and Asian champions. However, UEFA declined once again and the proposal failed.[103]

In 1976, when Brazilian side Cruzeiro won the Copa Libertadores, the European champions Bayern Munich willingly participated, with the Bavarians winning 2–0 on aggregate. In an interview with Jornal do Brasil, Bayern's manager Dettmar Cramer denied that Bayern's refusal to dispute the 1974 and 1975 Intercontinental Cups were a result of the rivals being Argentine teams. He claimed it was a scheduling impossibility, rather, which kept the Germans from participating. He also stated that the competition was not economically rewarding due to the team's fan base's disinterest in the Cup. To cover the costs of playing the first leg in Munich's Olympiastadion, the organisers needed to have a minimum of 25,000 spectators. However, due to heavy snow and cold weather, only 18,000 showed up. Because of this deficit, Cramer stated that if Bayern were to win the European Cup again, they would decline to participate as it held no assurances of income, and that a friendly match, as the one Bayern Munich had scheduled in Tel Aviv, would have been more financially rewarding to them.[104]

Argentine side Boca Juniors qualified for the 1977 and 1978 matches, for which the European champions, English club Liverpool, declined to participate on both occasions. In 1977, Boca Juniors defeated European Cup runners-up, German club Borussia Mönchengladbach, 5–2 on aggregate.[105] [106] [107] [108] Boca Juniors declined to face Belgian club Brugge in 1978 leaving that year's competition undisputed.[102] Paraguay's Olimpia won the 1979 match against European Cup runners-up, Swedish side Malmö FF, after winning both legs.[109] [110] [111] [112] However, the competition had greatly declined in prestige. After the 0–1 win of the South Americans in the first leg at Malmö, which saw fewer than 5,000 Swedish fans turn up, Mundo Deportivo called the Cup "a dog without an owner".[94]

According to Brazilian newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, the deal for the establishment of the Interamerican Cup was made in 1968 by CONMEBOL and CONCACAF, and established that the Interamerican Cup champion club would be entitled to represent the American continent in the Intercontinental Cup.[113] According to the Mexican newspapers, after winning the 1977 and 1980 Interamerican Cup tournaments, Mexican clubs América and PUMAS Unam, and the Mexican Football Association, demanded, unsuccessfully, to participate in the Intercontinental Cup, either by representing the American continent against the European champions or by creating a UEFA-CONMEBOL-CONCACAF tournament.[114] [115] [116]

Rebirth in Japan

Seeing the deterioration of the Intercontinental Cup, Japanese motor corporation Toyota took the competition under its wing, and created contractual obligations to have the Intercontinental Cup played in Japan once a year, with every club participating being obliged to participate or face legal consequences. This modern format breathed new air into the competition which saw a new trophy handed out along with the Intercontinental Cup, the Toyota Cup.

In order to protect themselves against the possibility of European withdrawals, Toyota, UEFA and every European Cup participant signed annual contracts requiring the eventual winners of the European Cup to participate in the Intercontinental Cup – this was added as a condition to those UEFA stipulated for clubs to participate in the European Cup – or face an international lawsuit from UEFA and Toyota. Barcelona, the winners of the 1991–92 European Cup, considered not participating in the Intercontinental Cup in 1992, and the aforementioned contractual obligation weighed in for their decision to play.[117]

The first Toyota Cup was held in 1980, which saw Uruguay's Nacional triumph over Nottingham Forest. The 1980s saw a domination by South American sides as Brazil's Flamengo and Grêmio, Uruguay's Nacional and Peñarol, Argentina's Independiente and River Plate take the spoils once each after Nacional's victory in 1980. Only Juventus, Porto and Milan managed to bring the trophy back to Europe.

In that decade, the English Football Association attempted to organise a Club World Cup sponsored by promoting company West Nally, only to be shot down by UEFA.[118]

The 1990s proved to be a decade dominated by European teams, as Milan, Red Star Belgrade, Ajax, Juventus, Real Madrid, Manchester United, and newcomers Borussia Dortmund of Germany were fuelled to victory by their economic powers and heavy poaching of South American stars. Only three titles went to South America, as São Paulo and Argentina's Vélez Sársfield came out the winners, each of them defeating Milan, with São Paulo's inaugural win being over Barcelona.

The 2000s would see Boca Juniors win the competition twice for South America, while European victories came from Bayern Munich, Real Madrid, and Porto.

The 2004 Intercontinental Cup proved to be the last one, as the competition was merged with the FIFA Club World Cup.

International participation

All the winning teams from Intercontinental Cup were regarded as de facto "world club champions".[119] [120] [121] [122] According to some texts on FIFA.com, due to the superiority at sporting level of the European and South American clubs to the rest of the world, reflected earlier in the tournament for national teams, the winning clubs of the Intercontinental Cup were named world champions and can claim to be symbolic World champions,[123] [124] in a "symbolic" club world championship,[125] while the FIFA Club World Cup would have another dimension,[126] as the "true" world club showdown,[127] [128] [129] created because, with the passage of time and the development of football outside Europe and South America, it had become "unrealistic" to continue to confer the symbolic title of world champion upon the winners of the Intercontinental Cup,[130] the idea to expand it being mentioned for the first time in 1967 by Stanley Rous as CONCACAF and the AFC had established their continental club competitions and requested the participation,[70] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] an expansion that was to occur only in 2000 through the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. Nevertheless, some European champions started to decline participation in the tournament after the events of 1969.[94] Though "symbolic" or de facto as a club world championship,[27] the Intercontinental Cup has always been an official title at interconfederation level, with both UEFA and CONMEBOL having always considered all editions of the competition as part of their honours.[7] [8]

FIFA recognition

See also: List of world champion football clubs. Throughout the history of football, various attempts have been made to organise a tournament that identifies "the best club team in the world" – such as the Football World Championship, the Lipton Trophy, the Copa Rio, the Pequeña Copa del Mundo and the International Soccer League– due to FIFA's lack of interest or inability to organise club competitions,[131] – the Intercontinental Cup is considered by FIFA as the predecessor[132] to the FIFA Club World Cup, which was held for the first time in 2000.

On 27 October 2017, the FIFA Council, while not promoting statistical unification between the Intercontinental Cup and the Club World Cup, in respect to the history of the two tournaments[133] (which merged in 2005),[134] has made official (de jure) the world title of the Intercontinental Cup, recognising all the winners as club world champions,[135] [136] [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] with the same title of the FIFA Club World Cup winners, or "FIFA Club World Champions".[143] [138] [144] [141] [145] [146] [147] [148] [142]

FIFA recognises the Intercontinental Cup as the sole direct predecessor of the Club World Cup, and the champions of both competitions are the only ones uncontroversially officially recognised by FIFA as Club World Champions, as seen in the FIFA Club World Cup Statistical Kit, the official document of FIFA's club competition.

Trophy

The competition trophy bears the words "Coupe Européenne-Sudamericaine" ("European-South American Cup") at the top. At the base of the trophy, there is the round logo of UEFA and a map of South America in a circle.

During the sponsorship by Toyota, the competition awarded an additional trophy, entitled "Toyota Cup", usually given to the winning team's vice-captain.

Cup format

From 1960 to 1979, the Intercontinental Cup was played in two legs. Between 1960 and 1968, the cup was decided on points only, the same format used by CONMEBOL to determine the winner of the Copa Libertadores final through 1987. Because of this format, a third match was needed when both teams were equal on points. Commonly this match was host by the continent where the last game of the series was played. From 1969 through 1979, the competition adopted the European standard method of aggregate score, with away goals.

Starting in 1980, the final became a single match. Up until 2001, the matches were held at Tokyo's National Stadium. Finals since 2002 were held at the Yokohama International Stadium, also the venue of the 2002 FIFA World Cup final.

Results

See also: List of Intercontinental Cup (football) matches.

YearWinners1st.
leg		2nd.
leg		Runners-upVenue
(1st leg)		City
(1st leg)		Venue
(2nd leg)		City
(2nd leg)		Venue
(Play-off)		City
(Play-off)
Real Madrid 0–0 5–1 – –
Peñarol 0–1 5–0 2–1 Montevideo
Santos 3–2 5–2 – –
Santos 2–4 4–2 1–0 Rio de Janeiro
Inter Milan 0–1 2–0 1–0 (a.e.t.) Madrid
Inter Milan 3–0 0–0 – –
Peñarol 2–0 2–0 – –
Racing 0–1 2–1 1–0 Montevideo
Estudiantes LP 1–0 1–1 2–1 –
Milan 3–0 1–2 4–2 –
Feyenoord 2–2 1–0 3–2 –
Nacional 1–1 2–1 3–2 –
Ajax 1–1 3–0 4–1 –
Independiente 1–0 – –
Atlético Madrid 0–1 2–0 2–1 –
1975 (not held)
Bayern Munich 2–0 0–0 2–0 –
Boca Juniors 2–2 3–0 5–2 –
1978 (not held)
Olimpia 1–0 2–1 3–1 –
Nacional 1–0 – –
Flamengo 3–0 – –
Peñarol 2–0 – –
Grêmio 2–1 – –
Independiente 1–0 – –
Juventus 2–2 –
River Plate 1–0 – –
Porto 2–1 – –
Nacional 2–2 –
Milan 1–0 – –
Milan 3–0 – –
Red Star 3–0 – –
São Paulo 2–1 – –
São Paulo 3–2 – –
Vélez Sarsfield 2–0 – –
Ajax 0–0 –
Juventus 1–0 – –
Borussia Dortmund 2–0 – –
Real Madrid 2–1 – –
Manchester United 1–0 – –
Boca Juniors 2–1 – –
Bayern Munich 1–0 (a.e.t.) –
Real Madrid 2–0 – –
Boca Juniors 1–1 –
Porto 0–0 –

Performances

The performance of various clubs is shown in the following tables:[149] [150]

Performance by club

ClubWinnersRunners-upWinning yearsRunner-up years
AC Milan341969, 1989, 19901963, 1993, 1994, 2003
Real Madrid321960, 1998, 20021966, 2000
Peñarol321961, 1966, 19821960, 1987
Boca Juniors311977, 2000, 20032001
Nacional3—1971, 1980, 1988—
Independiente241973, 19841964, 1965, 1972, 1974
Juventus211985, 19961973
Santos2—1962, 1963—
Inter Milan2—1964, 1965—
São Paulo2—1992, 1993—
Ajax2—1972, 1995—
Bayern Munich2—1976, 2001—
Porto2—1987, 2004—
Estudiantes1219681969, 1970
Olimpia1219791990, 2002
Grêmio1119831995
River Plate1119861996
Manchester United1119991968
Racing1—1967—
Feyenoord1—1970—
Atlético Madrid1—1974—
Flamengo1—1981—
Red Star Belgrade1—1991—
Vélez Sarsfield1—1994—
Borussia Dortmund1—1997—
Benfica—2—1961, 1962
Liverpool—2—1981, 1984
Cruzeiro—2—1976, 1997
Celtic—1—1967
Panathinaikos—1—1971
Borussia Mönchengladbach—1—1977
Malmö FF—1—1979
Nottingham Forest—1—1980
Aston Villa—1—1982
Hamburger SV—1—1983
Argentinos Juniors—1—1985
Steaua București—1—1986
PSV Eindhoven—1—1988
Atlético Nacional—1—1989
Colo-Colo—1—1991
Barcelona—1—1992
Vasco da Gama—1—1998
Palmeiras—1—1999
Once Caldas—1—2004

Performance by country

width=11%Countrywidth=10%Winnerswidth=10%Runners-upwidth=36%Winning clubswidth=33%Winning years
99Boca Juniors, Independiente, Estudiantes, River Plate, Racing Club, Vélez Sarsfield1967, 1968, 1973, 1977, 1984, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2003
75AC Milan, Juventus, Inter Milan1964, 1965, 1969, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1996
65Santos, São Paulo, Grêmio, Flamengo1962, 1963, 1981, 1983, 1992, 1993
62Peñarol, Nacional1961, 1966, 1971, 1980, 1982, 1988
43Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid1960, 1974, 1998, 2002
32Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund1976, 1997, 2001
31Ajax, Feyenoord1970, 1972, 1995
22Porto1987, 2004
15Manchester United1999
12Olimpia1979
1—Red Star Belgrade1991
—2——
—1——
—1——
—1——
—1——
—1——

Performance by confederation

width=15%Confederationwidth=10%Winnerswidth=10%Runners-upwidth=10%Winning clubswidth=10%Winning countries
CONMEBOL2221 134
UEFA2122 127

Notes

Coaches

See main article: List of Intercontinental Cup winning managers.

Players

All-time top scorers

See main article: List of Intercontinental Cup goalscorers.

width=20%Playerwidth=20%Clubwidth=5%Goalswidth=5%Appswidth=15%Years
Pelé Santos731962, 1963
Alberto Spencer Peñarol661960, 1961, 1966
Luis Artime Nacional321971
José Sasía Peñarol331961
Santana Benfica341961, 1962
Sandro Mazzola Inter Milan341964, 1965

Hat-tricks

Pelé is the only player to have scored a hat-trick in an Intercontinental Cup match (1962 second leg, vs Benfica in Lisbon).

Man of the Match

The man of the match was selected from 1980.[156]

YearPlayerClub
1980 Waldemar Victorino Nacional
1981 Zico Flamengo
1982 Jair Peñarol
1983 Renato Gaúcho Grêmio
1984 José Percudani Independiente
1985 Michel Platini Juventus
1986 Antonio Alzamendi River Plate
1987 Rabah Madjer Porto
1988 Santiago Ostolaza Nacional
1989 Alberigo Evani AC Milan
1990 Frank Rijkaard AC Milan
1991 Vladimir Jugović Red Star Belgrade
1992 Raí São Paulo
1993 Toninho Cerezo São Paulo
1994 Omar Asad Vélez Sársfield
1995 Danny Blind Ajax
1996 Alessandro Del Piero Juventus
1997 Andreas Möller Borussia Dortmund
1998 Raúl Real Madrid
1999 Ryan Giggs Manchester United
2000 Martín Palermo Boca Juniors
2001 Samuel Kuffour Bayern Munich
2002 Ronaldo Real Madrid
2003 Matías Donnet Boca Juniors
2004 Maniche Porto

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Legend – UEFA club competition. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 99. 2009. 23 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20120111044406/http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/ucl/2010/e/e_01_md.pdf. 11 January 2012. live.
  2. Web site: es. Competencias oficiales de la CONMEBOL. Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol. 99, 107. 2011. 23 August 2014. 19 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190519215740/http://www.conmebol.com/books/Repasando%20la%20Historia/Repasando%20la%20Historia.html. live.
  3. News: 1969: Milan prevail in tough contest. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 22 October 1969. 21 November 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151226061327/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season%3D1969/intro.html. 26 December 2015.
  4. Risolo, Don (2010). Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Amazing Feats p.109. U of Nebraska Press. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  5. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup 2012 – Statistical Kit. https://web.archive.org/web/20140922125213/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompcwc/01/15/71/66/fcwc2012_kit.pdf. dead. 22 September 2014. 9. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 6 November 2012. 21 November 2012.
  6. News: pt. Rede do futebol mundial. Union of European Football Associations. 29 November 2019. 28 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191128172943/https://pt.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/history/news/newsid%3D1587395.html?redirectFromOrg=true. live.
  7. News: Las competiciones oficiales de la CONMEBOL. Official competitions are those recognised as valid by an organisation and not only organised by it, in fact Conmebol includes in its list of official competitions the Club World Cup that is fully organised by FIFA.. CONMEBOL. 4 June 2019. 22 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150822193022/http://conmebol.com/es/19082015-1742/las-competiciones-oficiales-de-la-conmebol. live.
  8. Web site: Real Madrid CF. UEFA. 13 March 2014. 7 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170707120950/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/teams/club=50051/profile/index.html. live.
  9. Web site: Tribuna de Imprensa, ed. 2675, p. 8, 23 October 1958. In Portuguese. . 15 August 2016 . 6 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806102448/http://memoria.bn.br/DocReader/docreader.aspx?bib=154083_01&pasta=ano%20195&pesq=cetro%20mundial . live .
  10. Web site: Edición del $dateTool.format('EEEE d MMMM yyyy', $document.date), Página $document.page – Hemeroteca. hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com. 15 August 2016. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184544/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1958/07/25/pagina-4/637161/pdf.html?search=. live.
  11. Web site: ABC (Madrid) – 09/10/1958, p. 58 – ABC.es Hemeroteca. ABC. 8 August 2019. Spain. 15 August 2016. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191048/http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1958/10/09/058.html. live.
  12. Web site: Jornal do Brasil – Pesquisa de arquivos de notícias Google. 8 October 2016. 1 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160801204924/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=0qX8s2k1IRwC&dat=19581009&printsec=frontpage&hl=pt-BR. live.
  13. Web site: O Estado de S. Paulo – Acervo Estadão. 15 August 2016. 27 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161027052824/http://acervo.estadao.com.br/pagina/#!/19581009-25595-nac-0019-999-19-not/busca/Mundial+Clubes. live.
  14. Web site: Real Madrid, la leyenda blanca. leyendablanca.galeon.com. 15 August 2016. 6 September 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20040906052902/http://leyendablanca.galeon.com/. live.
  15. Web site: Journal les Actualités Françaises : émission du 19 juin 1957 | INA . 18 July 2023 . 17 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231117132015/https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/video/afe86003572/journal-les-actualites-francaises-emission-du-19-juin-1957 . live .
  16. The 1957 match was held amidst a CR Vasco da Gama's European trip, in which the Brazilian club, then reigning Rio de Janeiro champions (1956 league), was often presented to the European audience as being the Brazilian champion, since then there existed neither a national championship in Brazil, nor the Torneio Rio – São Paulo had been played in 1956.
  17. Web site: CR Vasco da Gama's supporters' site "Casaca": "Há 55 anos o Vasco conquistava o I Torneio de Paris".. 15 August 2016. 22 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160422074919/http://www.casaca.com.br/home/2012/06/14/ha-55-anos-o-vasco-conquistava-o-i-torneio-de-paris/. live.
  18. Web site: Dario lembra vitória do Vasco sobre Real, em 1957: 'Não há clube igual'. 14 June 2012. 15 August 2016. 5 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170205070051/http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2012/06/dario-lembra-vitoria-do-vasco-sobre-real-em-1957-nao-ha-clube-igual.html. live.
  19. Web site: Brazilian newspaper Folha da Manhã, 21/may/1958, pag. 13. . 15 August 2020 . 30 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150930123005/http://acervo.folha.com.br/resultados/buscade_talhada/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&fsp=on&fdm=1&fdn=1&all_words=Real+Madri+Paris+Vasco+1957&phrase=&words=&without_words=&initial_date=&final_date=&date%5Bday%5D=&date%5Bmonth%5D=&date%5Byear%5D=&group_id=0&theme_id=0&commit.x=29&commit.y=19&commit=Enviar . live .
  20. Web site: Jornal dos Sports, Rio de Janeiro newspaper, ed. 8526, 18 June 1957, page 8, on Vasco da Gama's victory over Real Madrid at the 1957 Tournoi de Paris. . 9 March 2017 . 23 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170823075138/http://memoria.bn.br/DocReader/docreader.aspx?bib=112518_02&pasta=ano%20195&pesq=mundial%20de%20clubes . live .
  21. Web site: Tribuna da Imprensa, Rio de Janeiro newspaper, 14 June 1957, ed. 2264, on the Vasco da Gama Vs. Real Madrid CF match for the 1957 Tournoi de Paris, citing Real Madrid as current European Champions and Vasco da Gama as the current Rio de Janeiro champions. . 9 March 2017 . 7 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031708/http://memoria.bn.br/DocReader/DocReader.aspx?bib=154083_01&PagFis=122&Pesq=Real%20Madri . live .
  22. Web site: Ultima Hora (RJ) – 1951 a 1984 – DocReader Web. memoria.bn.br. 21 May 2018. 21 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180521193038/http://memoria.bn.br/DocReader/docreader.aspx?bib=386030&pasta=ano+195&pesq=Santos+e+Real+Madrid. live.
  23. Web site: UEFA Direct, nº 105, 2011, page 15. Access on 04/Feb/2013.. https://web.archive.org/web/20130604145649/http://pt.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/uefaorg/Publications/01/59/87/45/1598745_DOWNLOAD.pdf. 4 June 2013. live.
  24. Web site: Edición del Saturday 3 June 1961, Página 2 – Hemeroteca. hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com. 31 December 2015. 26 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160126145043/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1961/06/03/pagina-2/1384381/pdf.html. live.
  25. Web site: Real Madrid – UEFA. uefa.com. UEFA. 13 March 2014. 7 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170707120950/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/teams/club=50051/profile/index.html. live.
  26. Web site: ¿Qué es la Copa Libertadores de América? . What is the Copa Libertadore de América? . Historia y Fútbol . 2 September 2007 . 18 May 2010 . Jose . Carluccio . es . 2 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121002023006/http://historiayfutbol.obolog.com/copa-libertadores-america-25746 . live .
  27. Web site: Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044241/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D107/edition%3D4735/news/newsid%3D95645.html . 30 April 2011 .
  28. Web site: World Club Cup deserves respect . BBC . 2 July 2010 . 28 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328212809/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/timvickery/2010/12/post.html . live .
  29. Web site: World Club Cup deserves respect . . 2 July 2010 . pt . 30 May 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090530182623/http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/noticias/2002/020329_copa30.shtml . live .
  30. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1960 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071201032323/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid=512284.html . dead . 1 December 2007 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010.
  31. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1960 . . 2 July 2010 . 10 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103445/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub60.html . live .
  32. Web site: Trofeos de Fútbol . Real Madrid CF . 2 July 2010 . es . dead . http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091003154110/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/Club/1193040475224/PalmaresTotal/Palmares.htm . 3 October 2009 .
  33. Web site: Edición del Monday 5 September 1960, Página 3 – Hemeroteca. hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com. 4 January 2016. 26 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160126141145/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1960/09/05/pagina-3/1384556/pdf.html. live.
  34. Web site: La Copa Intercontinental, un perro sin amo. Mundo Deportivo. 2 July 2010. es. 28 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328020419/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/06/08/pagina-2/1055660/pdf.html?search=copa. live.
  35. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1960 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071018091247/http://fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid=514912.html . dead . 18 October 2007 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010.
  36. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1961 . . 2 July 2010 . 10 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220910121113/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub61.html . live .
  37. Web site: Palmarés: Resumen de títulos oficiales del Club Atlético Peñarol . . 2 July 2010 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20181018050235/http://www.xn--pearol-xwa.org/uc_100_1.html . 18 October 2018 . dead .
  38. Book: Cunha, Odir . Time dos Sonhos . Dream Teams . 2003 . Códex . 85-7594-020-1 . pt .
  39. Web site: Intercontinental Cups 1962 and 1963 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080302082530/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid=512321.html . dead . 2 March 2008 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010.
  40. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1962 . . 2 July 2010 . 9 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909140234/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub62.html . live .
  41. Web site: Títulos . https://archive.today/20120913112005/http://www.santosfc.com.br/historia/default.asp?id=18033&c=Hist%F3ria&st=T%EDtulos . dead . 13 September 2012 . Santos FC . 2 July 2010 . pt .
  42. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1963 . . 2 July 2010 . 30 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180930105741/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/intconclub63.html . live .
  43. Web site: European Commissioner visits UEFA . Union of European Football Associations . 2 July 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130604145649/http://pt.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/uefaorg/Publications/01/59/87/45/1598745_DOWNLOAD.pdf . 4 June 2013 . live .
  44. Web site: Intercontinental Cups 1964 and 1965 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090212151955/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D512096.html . 12 February 2009 .
  45. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1964 . . 2 July 2010 . 2 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602185311/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub64.html . live .
  46. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1965 . . 2 July 2010 . 2 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602185317/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub65.html . live .
  47. Web site: Palmares: PRIMA COPPA INTERCONTINENTALE – 1964 . FC Internazionale Milano . 2 July 2010 . it . 17 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100617050829/http://www.inter.it/aas/palmares/vitt?L=it&IDV=22 . dead .
  48. Web site: Palmares: SECONDA COPPA INTERCONTINENTALE – 1965 . FC Internazionale Milano . 2 July 2010 . it . 17 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100617050959/http://www.inter.it/aas/palmares/vitt?L=it&IDV=23 . dead .
  49. Web site: Intercontinental Cups 1966 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071018091252/http://fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid=514924.html . dead . 18 October 2007 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010.
  50. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1966 . . 2 July 2010 . 10 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103446/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub66.html . live .
  51. Web site: História da Libertadores . Campeones do Futebol . 2 July 2010 . pt . 15 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100615140247/http://www.campeoesdofutebol.com.br/libertadores_historia.html . live .
  52. Web site: European-South American Cup . Union of European Football Associations . 2 July 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131208213557/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/index.html . 8 December 2013 .
  53. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1967 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080306222952/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid=512264.html . dead . 6 March 2008 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010.
  54. Web site: Intercontinental Club Cup 1967 . . 2 July 2010 . 10 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220910121112/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub67.html . live .
  55. Web site: Copa Intercontinental 1967 . . 2 July 2010 . es . 1 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130201195340/http://www.racingclub.com.ar/palmares/copa-intercontinental-1967/ . live .
  56. Web site: The Battle of Montevideo: Celtic Under Siege . . 2 July 2010 . 7 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130607094741/http://www.waterstones.com/waterstonesweb/products/brian+belton/the+battle+of+montevideo/6023862/ . live .
  57. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1968 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121106142458/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D512037.html . 6 November 2012 .
  58. Web site: Intercontinental Club Cup 1968 . . 2 July 2010 . 9 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909140234/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub68.html . live .
  59. Web site: Titulos . . 2 July 2010 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20120423114721/http://www.edelpoficial.com.ar/portal/club/titulos.mfw . 23 April 2012 . dead .
  60. Web site: Estudiantes leave their mark . https://archive.today/20130125040650/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=853334&sec=global&root=global&cc=5901 . dead . 25 January 2013 . . 2 July 2010 .
  61. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1969 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100124074911/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D512172.html . 24 January 2010 .
  62. Web site: Intercontinental Club Cup 1969 . . 2 July 2010 . 17 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220817094925/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub69.html . live .
  63. Web site: Coppa Intercontinentale 1969 . . 2 July 2010 . it . 27 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101127182402/http://www.acmilan.com/it/club/palmares/ci1969 . live .
  64. Web site: Coppa Intercontinentale 1969: Estudiantes-Milan, sfida selvaggia . Storie di Calcio . 2 July 2010 . it . 12 September 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100912204510/http://www.storiedicalcio.altervista.org/milan_estudiantes_1969.html . live .
  65. Web site: Partidos inolvidables: Estudiantes – Milan (Final Intercontinental 1969/1970) . Fútbol Primera . 10 February 2009 . 2 July 2010 . es . 25 December 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091225094132/http://www.futbolprimera.es/2009/02/10/partidos-inolvidables-estudiantes-milan-final-intercontinental-19691970/ . live .
  66. Web site: La FIFA rehuye el bulto . FIFA shuns the bulge . 8 . Mundo Deportivo . PDF . 25 November 1967 . 6 March 2013 . es . 6 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141106193755/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1967/03/16/pagina-8/931136/pdf.html?search=Intercontinental . live .
  67. Web site: Edición del Friday 3 November 1967, Página 6 – Hemeroteca. hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com. 31 December 2015. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213536/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1967/11/03/pagina-6/936416/pdf.html. live.
  68. Web site: The Glasgow Herald – Pesquisa de arquivos de notícias Google. 31 December 2015. 15 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160315151420/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19671106&printsec=frontpage&hl=pt-BR. live.
  69. Web site: La Stampa – Consultazione Archivio. archiviolastampa.it. 31 December 2015. 15 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151215143232/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,ricerche/Itemid,3/. live.
  70. Web site: 12 August 2019. ABC Madrid 03-11-1967. 10 July 2021. abc.es. 97. 24 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145830/https://www.abc.es/archivo/periodicos/abc-madrid-19671103-97.html. live.
  71. Web site: ABC (Madrid) – 08/11/1967, p. 87 – ABC.es Hemeroteca. ABC. 12 August 2019. Spain. 18 January 2016. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094627/http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1967/11/08/087.html. live.
  72. Web site: La Copa Intercontinental de futbol debe ser oficial . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 16 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131216182443/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1967/11/01/pagina-4/931628/pdf.html?search=intercontinental%20fifa . live .
  73. Web site: La FIFA rehuye el bulto . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 6 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141106193755/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1967/03/16/pagina-8/931136/pdf.html?search=Intercontinental . live .
  74. Web site: La FIFA, no controla la Intercontinental . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 6 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141106195240/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1966/07/27/pagina-6/936416/pdf.html?search=intercontinental . live .
  75. Web site: El proyecto de Copa del Mundo se discutira en Méjico . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 12 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044324/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1969/07/25/pagina-10/966431/pdf.html?search= . live .
  76. Web site: ¿Nueva Copa Intercontinental? . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 29 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195258/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1970/01/08/pagina-13/949785/pdf.html?search=Copa . live .
  77. Web site: La Copa del Mundo Inter-clubs se amplia . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 29 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195258/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1970/01/08/pagina-13/949785/pdf.html?search=Copa . live .
  78. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1970 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081209100426/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D512045.html . 9 December 2008 .
  79. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1970 . . 2 July 2010 . 9 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909140235/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub70.html . live .
  80. News: 1970: Feyenoord unfazed by Estudiantes. Union of European Football Associations. 2 March 1980. 17 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044325/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1970/intro.html. 12 January 2016. dead.
  81. Web site: Feyenoord viert veertigjarig jubileum winst Wereldbeker . . 2 July 2010 . nl . https://web.archive.org/web/20100911154733/http://www.feyenoord.nl/pages/newsdetail/s1/10010000037178-999-10010000000003.aspx . 11 September 2010 . dead .
  82. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1971 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120625133802/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D512202.html . 25 June 2012 .
  83. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1971 . . 2 July 2010 . 9 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909140237/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub71.html . live .
  84. Web site: Copa Intercontinental 1971 . . 2 July 2010 . es . 20 December 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101220045450/http://www.nacional.com.uy/mvdcms/uc_3394_1.html . live .
  85. Web site: Όταν ο Παναθηναϊκός έγινε... παγκόσμιος (pics & video)!. 24 February 2021. agones.gr. el.
  86. Web site: 1971: Artime puts paid to Panathinaikos . Union of European Football Associations . 2 July 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044407/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1971/intro.html . 12 January 2016 . dead .
  87. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1972 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100622003141/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D510713.html . 22 June 2010 .
  88. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1972 . . 2 July 2010 . 15 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815033402/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub72.html . live .
  89. Web site: Erelijst . . 2 July 2010 . nl . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101115021953/http://www.ajax.nl/De-Club/Erelijst-1.htm . 15 November 2010 .
  90. Web site: The Super Cup was the last trophy Ajax... . Football Journey . 2 July 2010 . 3 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140503041827/http://footballjourney1.blogspot.com/2009/07/super-cup-was-last-trophy-ajax-won-in.html . live .
  91. News: 1972: Cruyff comes good for Ajax. Union of European Football Associations. 2 March 1980. 17 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044325/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1970/intro.html. 12 January 2016. dead.
  92. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1973 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080306222942/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D512084.html . 6 March 2008 .
  93. News: 1973: Independiente resist Juve challenge. Union of European Football Associations. 2 March 1980. 17 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044446/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season%3D1973/intro.html. 12 January 2016. dead.
  94. Web site: Europa ha desvalorizado la Copa Intercontinental . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 29 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195417/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/11/22/pagina-15/1003523/pdf.html?search=copa . live .
  95. Web site: European Cup: 50 Years . Union of European Football Associations . 2 July 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080909224415/http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/240459.pdf . 9 September 2008 . live .
  96. Web site: Una ide para los cinco campeones de cada continente . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 29 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193827/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1973/11/29/pagina-13/1002908/pdf.html?search=concacaf . live .
  97. Web site: Una copa mundial de clubs con los campeones de Europa, África, Sudamérica y América Central . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 12 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044522/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1968/01/06/pagina-4/989608/pdf.html?search= . live .
  98. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1974 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091204133633/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D510737.html . 4 December 2009 .
  99. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1974 . . 2 July 2010 . 27 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044939/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub74.html . live .
  100. Web site: Sala de Trofeos . . 2 July 2010 . es . 26 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100626233334/http://www.clubatleticodemadrid.com/Web/gestion/museo/trofeos.htm . live .
  101. News: 1974: Aragonés brings joy to Atlético. Union of European Football Associations. 2 March 1980. 17 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044523/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1974/intro.html. 12 January 2016. dead.
  102. Web site: Intercontinental Cup . . 2 July 2010 . 12 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812151601/https://www.rsssf.org/tablest/toyota.html . live .
  103. Web site: Una idea para los cinco campeones de cada continente . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 29 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193827/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1973/11/29/pagina-13/1002908/pdf.html?search=concacaf . live .
  104. Web site: Taça não interessa mais aos alemães (page 20) . . 2 July 2010 . pt . 17 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151117040042/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=0qX8s2k1IRwC&dat=19761222&printsec=frontpage&hl=pt-BR . live .
  105. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1977 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090530233900/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D510893.html . 30 May 2009 .
  106. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1977 . . 2 July 2010 . 9 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909140236/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub77.html . live .
  107. Web site: El Club: Titulos . . 2 July 2010 . es . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100608184737/http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/el-club/titulos#1977_intercontinental . 8 June 2010 .
  108. News: 1977: Boca Juniors brush aside Mönchengladbach. Union of European Football Associations. 2 March 1980. 17 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044642/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1977/intro.html. 12 January 2016. dead.
  109. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1979 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121023221452/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D514900.html . 23 October 2012 .
  110. Web site: Intercontinental Cup 1979 . . 2 July 2010 . 6 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230406072111/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub79.html . live .
  111. News: 1979: Club Olimpia overpower Malmö. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 2 March 1980. 17 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112044718/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1979/intro.html. 12 January 2016. dead.
  112. News: Intercontinental Cup 1979. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 17 December 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023221452/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/matchreport/newsid%3D514900.html. 23 October 2012.
  113. Web site: Brazilian newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, 10/10/1968, page.28 . 31 December 2015 . 27 October 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161027052824/http://acervo.estadao.com.br/pagina/#!/19681010-28682-nac-0028-999-28-not/busca/campe%C3%B5es+Norte+America . live .
  114. http://hemeroteca.informador.com.mx/ Mexican neswspaper El Informador, 14 and 16 April 1978, referring to Club America's claim to participate in the Intercontinental Cup.
  115. http://h.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/Default/Skins/ElSiglo/Client.asp?Skin=ElSiglo&enter=true&AppName=2 Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torréon. Archive. "Los Pumas Por La Copa Concacaf-EUFA" (15/May/1981, page 13).
  116. http://h.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/Default/Skins/ElSiglo/Client.asp?Skin=ElSiglo&enter=true&AppName=2 Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torréon. Archive. "Mediocridad existente en el futbol del area de Concacaf." (29/August/1980, page 11).
  117. Web site: La negociación será difícil . Negotiations will be difficult . 8 . Aguilar . Francesc . Mundo Deportivo . PDF . 18 September 1992 . 6 March 2013 . es . 23 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061302/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1992/12/29/pagina-8/1259619/pdf.html?search=Intercontinental . live .
  118. Web site: La Copa Intercontinental el 11-D en Tokio: No habra una Copa Mundial de Clubes . Mundo Deportivo . 2 July 2010 . es . 15 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131215121537/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1983/04/20/pagina-20/1441398/pdf.html?search=mundial . live .
  119. April 2004 – May 2005. FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup: Solidarity – the name of the game. dead. FIFA Activity Report 2005. Zurich. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 60. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011001522/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/68/21/16//activityreport2005en.pdf. 11 October 2012. 17 December 2012.
  120. News: Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 10 December 2004 . 24 December 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044241/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D107/edition%3D4735/news/newsid%3D95645.html . 30 April 2011 .
  121. News: Ten tips on the planet's top club tournament . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 28 July 2005 . 28 October 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044223/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D107/edition%3D4735/news/newsid%3D99481.html . 30 April 2011 .
  122. News: We are the champions . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 1 December 2005 . 28 October 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044235/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D107/edition%3D4735/news/newsid%3D101662.html . 30 April 2011 .
  123. Web site: December 2005. We are the Champions. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208150054/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2005/m=12/news=are-the-champions-101662.html. 8 December 2015. dead. 4 February 2013. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. [...] clubs that have been named world champions [...].
  124. Web site: December 2005. Ten things you never knew. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222163148/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2005/m=12/news=ten-things-you-never-knew-101851.html. 22 December 2015. dead. 15 December 2015. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Among this year's six representatives, Brazil's Sao Paulo are the only team that can claim to have been world champions..
  125. Web site: 10 December 2004. Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127072722/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2004/m=12/news=goodbye-toyota-cup-hello-fifa-club-world-championship-95645.html. 27 January 2016. dead. 8 March 2015. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. With the passage of time, it became apparent that it was unrealistic to continue to confer the symbolic title of "Club World Champion" on the basis of a single match between the European and South American champions..
  126. Web site: 10 December 2004. Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127072722/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2004/m=12/news=goodbye-toyota-cup-hello-fifa-club-world-championship-95645.html. 27 January 2016. dead. 8 March 2015. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. As of 2005, the Toyota Cup, traditionally a one-off match between the champions of Europe and South America, will take on a whole new dimension when it becomes the FIFA Club World Championship, disputed by the champion clubs from all six continents..
  127. Web site: 28 July 2005. Japan welcomes the world with open arms. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140407142155/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2005/news/index%2Cpage%3D13.htmx. 7 April 2014. 31 December 2015. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Brought up watching the annual Europe-South America clash, Japanese fans are counting the days to the kick off of the true world club showdown..
  128. Web site: 10 December 2004. Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127072722/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2004/m=12/news=goodbye-toyota-cup-hello-fifa-club-world-championship-95645.html. 27 January 2016. live. 8 March 2015. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. According to the new format, which enters into force in 2005, once again in Japan, the respective winners of the six "champions cups" of each confederation will qualify for the FIFA Club World Championship. "I am convinced that this is the best formula for everyone", argues Michel Platini, a FIFA Executive Committee member and former Toyota Cup winner from 1985. "It won't make the clubs' trips any longer, but by playing an extra game, the club crowned this time will be true world champions" continued the former Juventus playmaker..
  129. Web site: 28 July 2005. Continental champions prepare for Tokyo draw. https://web.archive.org/web/20160204172446/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2005/m=7/news=continental-champions-prepare-for-tokyo-draw-99485.html. 4 February 2016. dead. 8 March 2015. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Initially a one-off contest between the champions of South America and Europe, the Toyota Cup, which superseded the Intercontinental Cup in 1980, has been revamped by FIFA to reach out to all confederations and associations across the globe so the winners may truly be regarded as the best club side in the world..
  130. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127072722/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2004/m=12/news=goodbye-toyota-cup-hello-fifa-club-world-championship-95645.html Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship, FIFA.com. Accessed on 10 December 2004. Accessed on 08/03/2015: With the passage of time, it became apparent that it was unrealistic to continue to confer the symbolic title of "club world champion" on the basis of a single match between the European and South American champions.
  131. Web site: 50 years of the European Cup. October 2004. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 7–9. 15 December 2011. 7 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190507123910/https://kassiesa.net/uefafiles/2004-uefa-50-years-european-cup.pdf. dead.
  132. April 2004 – May 2005. FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup: Solidarity – the name of the game. dead. FIFA Activity Report 2005. Zurich. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 62. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011001522/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/68/21/16//activityreport2005en.pdf. 11 October 2012. 17 December 2012.
  133. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2017: Statistical Kit FIFA. https://web.archive.org/web/20171215063613/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompcwc/02/67/91/87/statskit_fcwc2017_event_neutral.pdf. dead. 15 December 2017. 15, 40, 41, 42.
  134. April 2004 – May 2005. FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup: Solidarity – the name of the game. dead. FIFA Activity Report 2005. Zurich. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 60. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011001522/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/68/21/16//activityreport2005en.pdf. 11 October 2012. 17 December 2012.
  135. "While it does not promote the statistical unification of tournaments, that is, has not absorbed to the Intercontinental Cup (merged with FIFA Club World Cup in 2005), FIFA is the only organisation with worldwide jurisdiction over continental confederations and, then, the only one that can confer a title on that level, ergo the title assigned by FIFA (with Official Documents issued after the Council decision) to the winners of the Intercontinental Cup is legally a FIFA world title." cfr. Web site: FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 19. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr.
  136. For FIFA statute, official competitions are those for representative teams organised by FIFA or any confederation. Representative teams are usually national teams but also club teams that represent a confederation in the interconfederal competitions or a member association in a continental competition cfr. Web site: FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr. Web site: 10 December 2018. FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018: Statistical-kit. 13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010005/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2d5d33a48d2c98ce/original/mkbo3nwk4btahl9gwtwl-pdf.pdf. 9 August 2021. live. cfr. Web site: 2018/19 UEFA Champions League regulations. 10. https://web.archive.org/web/20180512114219/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/79/2558279_DOWNLOAD.pdf. 12 May 2018. dead.
  137. FIFA in its statute recognises as official all competitions organised by itself and by the continental confederations; indeed, on its website, it calls the competitions played under its auspices simply "FIFA Tournaments". cfr. Web site: FIFA. April 2016. FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr. News: FIFA.COM. Fifa tournaments. 6 June 2020. 10 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210410070150/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/. live.
  138. Web site: FIFA Council approves key organisational elements of the FIFA World Cup. 7 July 2021. FIFA.com. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224023446/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-approves-key-organisational-elements-of-the-fifa-world-cu-2917722. live.
  139. Web site: FIFA acepta propuesta de CONMEBOL de reconocer títulos de copa intercontinental como mundiales de clubes. 29 October 2017. conmebol.com. es. 19 March 2019. 18 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190318172257/http://conmebol.com/es/fifa-acepta-propuesta-de-conembol-de-reconocer-titulos-de-copa-intercontinental-como-mundiales-de. live.
  140. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018: Statistical-kit. 10 December 2018. 13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010005/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2d5d33a48d2c98ce/original/mkbo3nwk4btahl9gwtwl-pdf.pdf. 9 August 2021. live.
  141. Web site: Campo. Carlo. FIFA recognises all winners of Intercontinental Cup as club world champions. 7 July 2021. theScore.com. 27 October 2017 .
  142. Web site: 27 October 2017. FIFA declares Man United '99 world champs. 7 July 2021. ESPN.com. 23 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211223081357/https://www.espn.com/soccer/manchester-united/story/3246638/man-united-retrospectively-declared-1999-world-club-champions-by-fifa. live.
  143. “While it does not promote the statistical unification of tournaments, that is, has not absorbed to the Intercontinental Cup (merged with FIFA Club World Cup in 2005), the title was conferred from the world federation (with Official Documents issued after the Council decision) so it is legally a FIFA world title" cfr. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup Qatar 2019. 12. https://web.archive.org/web/20210717232059/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/105e5661ec9f3acb/original/gqfp3nkwm0zh8ra3xgyi-pdf.pdf. 17 July 2021. live. cfr.
  144. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018: Statistical-kit. 10 December 2018. 13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010005/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2d5d33a48d2c98ce/original/mkbo3nwk4btahl9gwtwl-pdf.pdf. 9 August 2021. live.
  145. Web site: Real Madrid! Sixth Club World Cup!. Realmadrid.com. 12 September 2019. 28 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180828095959/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/12/1-0-sixth-club-world-cup. live.
  146. Web site: Historical decision, register Club World Cup is rewritten.. Foxsports.it. Italian. 12 September 2019. 31 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062252/https://www.foxsports.it/2017/10/28/fifa-decisione-storica-albo-oro-mondiale-per-club-va-riscritto/. live.
  147. Web site: La FIFA reconoció a los ganadores de la Intercontinental como campeones mundiales. Goal.com. Spanish. 12 September 2019. 27 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527024938/https://www.goal.com/es/noticias/la-fifa-reconocio-a-los-ganadores-de-la-intercontinental/i72nwrb7zcnp12ymz0v9trinu. live.
  148. Web site: Pelé Just Won A Club World Championship. 7 July 2021. The18. 9 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185750/https://the18.com/soccer-news/club-world-champions-intercontinental-cup. live.
  149. News: Intercontinental Club Cup. 9 September 2022. 12 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812151601/https://www.rsssf.org/tablest/toyota.html. live.
  150. News: Hall of Honour. 2 February 2023. 27 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220927074018/https://www.rsssf.org/tablest/toyota-honour.html. live.
  151. Web site: Intercontinental Club Cup 1962 . Rec.Sports.Soccer Statistics Foundation . 14 April 1999 . 14 February 2022 . 9 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909140234/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intconclub62.html . live .
  152. Web site: Intercontinental Club Cup 1963 . Rec.Sports.Soccer Statistics Foundation . 14 April 1999 . 14 February 2022 . 30 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180930105741/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/intconclub63.html . live .
  153. News: Extraordinary Pele crowns Santos in Lisbon. https://web.archive.org/web/20150909200243/http://www.fifa.com/news/y=2012/m=10/news=extraordinary-pele-crowns-santos-lisbon-1782903.html. dead. 9 September 2015. 11 October 2012. FIFA. 14 June 2018.
  154. News: King-less Santos retain throne in style. https://web.archive.org/web/20150906021359/http://www.fifa.com/news/y=2013/m=11/news=king-less-santos-retain-throne-style-2224094.html. dead. 6 September 2015. 16 November 2013. FIFA. 14 June 2018.
  155. News: Trivia on Intercontinental (Toyota) Cup. 2 February 2023. 25 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221125215847/https://www.rsssf.org/tablest/toyotatrivia.html. live.
  156. News: Toyota Cup – Most Valuable Player of the Match Award . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20081224143201/http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyotamvp.html . 24 December 2008 .

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