| Native Name: | Intendencia de Paraguay |
| Subdivision: | Intendancy |
| Nation: | the Spanish Empire |
| Title Leader: | Intendant |
| Leader1: | Pedro Melo de Portugal (first) |
| Year Leader1: | 1782–1787 |
| Leader2: | Bernardo de Velasco (last) |
| Year Leader2: | 1809–1811 |
| Capital: | Asunción |
| Year Start: | 1782 |
| Year End: | 1811 |
| Date Start: | 28 January |
| Event End: | Abolished |
| Date End: | 14 May |
| Event1: | May Revolution |
| Date Event1: | 25 May 1810 |
| Event2: | Battle of Paraguarí |
| Date Event2: | 19 January 1811 |
| Era: | Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata |
| Image Map Caption: | Map of the Viceroyalty in 1783 |
| P1: | Governorate of Paraguay |
| Flag P1: | Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg |
| S1: | Republic of Paraguay |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Paraguay 1811.svg |
The Intendancy of Paraguay (Spanish: Intendencia del Paraguay), also known as the Intendancy of Asunción (Spanish: Intendencia de Asunción) was an administrative-territorial unit that was part of the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. It was created on 28 January 1782 and came to an end after the May 1811 Revolution.
Until 1776, the whole of Southern Spanish America was ruled by the Viceroy of Peru in Lima.
Because of the vastness of its territory, the Viceroyalty of Peru was subdivided in several Governates, with its own Governor.Two of these Governates were the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and the Governorate of Paraguay.
In 1776, it was decided to split the Viceroyalty of Peru in two, and to create a new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, which included these two former governates, along with other dependencies that mainly extended over the Río de la Plata Basin, roughly the present-day territories of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.
As subdivision of the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the Intendancy of Paraguay was created on 28 January 1782, which covered the same territory as the Governate of Paraguay, on both sides of the Paraguay River and also part of the former Guarani Missions.
The political body that controlled the government of the intendancy was the Intendant Governor (Spanish: Gobernador intendente).The only city and capital of the Intendancy was Asuncion, and territorially it was divided into 4 districts: Villa Real de la Concepcion, Curuguaty, Villarrica del Espiritu Santo and San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú.
The Intendancy of Paraguay existed until 1811, when the last Intendant governor, Bernardo de Velasco, was overthrown by a group of revolutionaries, marking the end of Spanish rule in these lands and marking the beginning of the events leading to the Independence of Paraguay.