Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica explained

Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
Native Name:Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
Native Name Lang:Pt
Established:1950
Rector:Antonio Guilherme de Arruda Lorenzi
Undergrad:501
Postgrad:1790
Administrative Staff:170
Faculty:202
Campus:Urban, inside CTA's campus
Website:www.ita.br

The Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA; English: '''Aeronautics Institute of Technology'''[1]) is an institution of higher education maintained by the Brazilian Air Force and is located in São José dos Campos, Brazil. ITA is consistently ranked as one of the top engineering schools in Brazil and engages in advanced research in aerospace science and technology.

ITA is one of five institutes that encompass the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA), having its facilities, along with its laboratories and R&D centers, inside the campus of CTA. Despite its status as a military institution, TA accommodates civilian teachers, directors, and students.

ITA offers regular 5-year engineering undergraduate courses (Bachelor of Engineering) and graduate programs including masters and doctoral degrees.

History

Montenegro hired renowned foreign professors and experts from various parts of the world to teach at ITA, the majority of them from MIT, influenced by Prof. Smith. At a given time of its history, ITA had teachers from more than 20 different nationalities in its faculty, an impressive number, considering it had (and still has) a faculty of little more than 100 teachers. Nowadays the overwhelming majority of the teachers are Brazilians, many of whom have themselves graduated from ITA.[2]

Undergraduate Courses

All ITA undergraduate students must complete two years of fundamental courses before entering the professional course they intend to take.[3] The six steams of professional courses available to students for study include:[4]

Graduate programs

ITA offers masters and doctoral programs through five general streams, with 20 areas of concentration between them, including:

Student life

All undergraduate students are granted full scholarships. Complete residential facilities are offered to the students during the entire five-year period at a minimal cost.[5] ITA students are provided with free, self-served meals four times a day.[6]

Military career

During their first year at ITA, all students are considered to be military personnel and are required to attend a military preparation course once a week and receive monthly cost-of-living allowances[7] for it during this period. For male students, this fulfills their obligatory military service, which all male citizens in Brazil are required to attend.

Due to ITA's position as an institute maintained by the Brazilian Air Force, undergraduate students may choose to join the military upon graduation as engineering officers or keep their status as civilians members of the reserve. After the first year, students not opting for a military career return to being civilians and stop receiving their pay.

Approximately 20% of admitted undergraduate students choose a military career during their second year and be paid as Student of the Reserve Officers Training Body. These students will continue the military preparation course once every two weeks. They will begin wearing uniforms during their 3rd year at ITA until graduation. Upon graduation, they are promoted to the rank of 1st Lieutenant Engineer and must serve for 3 years.

Economic Impact

The institution was created in 1950, being responsible and contributing in a great extent for the research and development of the aerospace and defense sectors in Brazil,[8] including the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Embraer and Avibrás.

Admissions (Undergraduate)

ADMISSIONS STATISTICS[15] !Year!Total Admission Exam Candidates!Accepted!Acceptance Rate
201910,7881101.02%
201811,1351100.98%
201712,4841100.88%
201612,4931401.12%
20157,7921602.05%
20147,2791702.34%
20137,2851201.65%
20129,3371201.29%
20117,6271201.57%
20106,5031201.85%
20096,2151201.93%
The school's undergraduate admission exams (called vestibular in Brazil) are considered the most competitive in the country. They take place annually in over 25 cities throughout Brazil. Students are selected exclusively on their grades in the exam. ITA accepts 110 undergraduate students per year, who are distributed into the 5 available Engineering courses according to availability and preference indicated at the time of applying.

ITA's admission exam is infamous for its difficulty, even when compared to other top universities in Brazil. Math, Physics and Chemistry are often approached beyond high-school level, thus candidates have to study undergraduate-level textbooks. Candidates often need an extra year of intense study after high-school, and many take the test multiple times before being selected.

The exam is composed of two phases: the first includes general tests in each of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Portuguese and English. The English exam is only eliminatory, requiring candidates to achieve a minimum set score. The second phase includes exams in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and an Essay in Portuguese. In this phase, all tests have equal weight. The candidates with the highest average grades are admitted in, provided they reach a minimum qualifying grade in each of the 4 exams.

Another university in Brazil has similar admission exams: Instituto Militar de Engenharia (Military Institute of Engineering - IME), which is maintained by the Brazilian Army. Candidates usually prepare for both exams.[16] Virtually all candidates approved at ITA are also approved at IME, but choose the former.

Course Evaluation Results

From 1996 to 2003, the Brazilian government conducted yearly evaluation exams for every undergraduate course in Brazil. Written exams, specific to every different type of college course, were given to every student at the time of their graduation and the results were used to evaluate the quality of the college courses and schools in Brazil. These exams were called Provão ("big test", in English).

Provão's Electrical Engineering
results in 2003 - top 10 schools
School Avg. Grade
(out of 100)

ITA 79.6
75.2
66.3
66.0
62.7
62.2
60.4
59.6
57.6
56.4

Based on the average grade obtained by the students' course, every school was given a grade from 'A' to 'E' for each of its courses, with 'A' being the best. ITA was the only institution in Brazil to have obtained only 'A's in all the years of Provão, for all of its courses.[17] The Provão results are somewhat misleading, though, as the grades are given by ordering the average grades of the schools in a list and giving the label 'A' to a certain predefined number of schools, and so on. Therefore, two schools that were given the grade 'A' can have substantially different scores, and that is usually the case. The actual grades for each school were not announced by the government, but a list with the highest average grades in 2003 "leaked" and was published by the national magazine Veja.[18]

The published list showed that the courses of Electronic and Computer Engineering at ITA, which both took the exam of Electrical Engineering, attained the highest average grade of the whole Provão in 2003. Its students had an average grade of 79.6 of a total of 100. This average was about 5 point higher than IME's, the 2nd position for Electrical Engineering, with 75.2, about 14 points higher than the 3rd position, UFRGS, with 66.3, and about 17 point higher than renowned USP and UNICAMP with 62.7 and 62.2, respectively. It was about 24 points higher than the 10th position for this course. That is a relative difference of more than 40%. All ten schools published in the list attained an 'A' grade at Provão.

It is now known that in almost every year of Provão up to 2003 ITA's courses figured in either first or second place in its categories, usually competing with IME, both within considerable distance from the remaining schools. It is hard, though, to point references for such information, as it usually comes from unofficial sources or scattered news from journalists that had access to leaked information. INEP, the government institute which conducts these evaluations, publishes the results of all Provões at its website, but only shows the alphabetic grade and percentiles in which the students from the institution are (usually more than 90% of ITA's students figure between the top 25% grades in Provão).[19] In 2003 94,3% of ITA's Electronic and Computer Engineering students were between the 25% top grades of the exam.

In the first edition of ENADE for Engineering in 2005, successor of Provão, which is only held about every 3 years, ITA's Computer Engineering course once again achieved the highest grade of its category. For the ENADE the government is publishing the actual average grade of each school at INEP's website.[20] In 2008, ITA's Electronics Engineering courses scored the highest evaluation grade among all university courses from the areas evaluated in 2008, which included all engineering areas, computer science, math, architecture, among others. The course evaluation grade of ITA's Electronics Engineering was 485, out of a maximum of 500, based on the test results of the students graduated in 2008.[21]

Notable Professors

Notable alumni

In alphabetical order:

See also

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Novo site do ITA - ITA. www.ita.br.
  2. Web site: Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica. www.pro-grad.ita.br. 2007-02-05. 2016-01-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20160121112128/http://www.pro-grad.ita.br/criacao.php. dead.
  3. Web site: Curso Fundamental ITA. www.ita.br. 2020-05-13.
  4. Web site: Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa ITA. www.ita.br. 2020-05-13.
  5. Web site: Apresentação no ITA. www.vestibular.ita.br. 2020-05-13.
  6. Web site: Divisão de Engenharia Aeronáutica. www.adm.ita.br. 2020-05-13.
  7. Web site: Vida militar ITA. www.ita.br. 2020-05-13.
  8. Web site: History of ITA. 2020.
  9. Web site: ITA Website - General information. 2020.
  10. Anuário de Comercio Exterior, 2006, Ed. Análise - http://www.analise.com
  11. DataViva. "International Trade Data for São José dos Campos in 2014", DataViva, Retrieved on June 24, 2015.
  12. DataViva. "Exports of São José dos Campos (2014)", DataViva, Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  13. Web site: 2018 Estimates of Population. 2018.
  14. DataViva. "2014 Brazilian Trade by Municipality", DataViva, Retrieved on June 24, 2015.
  15. Web site: ITA - Estatísticas de Vestibulares Anteriores. www.vestibular.ita.br.
  16. Web site: Archived copy . 2020-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070428121408/http://www3.atarde.com.br/vestibular/entrevistas/interna.jsp?xsl=noticia.xsl&xml=NOTICIA%2F1008125.xml . 2007-04-28 . dead .
  17. Web site: Inep - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira Legislação e Documentos. Núcleo Web/Assessoria de Imprensa. 5 July 2015.
  18. Veja, # 1.847, 31/03/2004
  19. Web site: Inep - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira Legislação e Documentos. Núcleo Web/Assessoria de Imprensa. 5 July 2015.
  20. Web site: Inep - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira Legislação e Documentos. Núcleo Web/Assessoria de Imprensa. 5 July 2015.
  21. http://educacao.uol.com.br/ultnot/2009/09/03/ult105u8640.jhtm Electronics Engineering in ITA attains the highest evaluation from MEC
  22. Web site: Primeira professora negra no ITA, Sônia Guimarães cobra igualdade para mulheres: 'conservadorismo já não é mais capaz de nos parar'. 8 March 2018 . 20 February 2022.
  23. News: Job offers flood in for Brazilian who found Facebook bug. BBC News . 24 January 2014 . September 5, 2021.