| Conventional Long Name: | Inflanty Voivodeship Livonian Voivodeship |
| Native Name: | Polish: Województwo inflanckie |
| Common Name: | Inflanty |
| Subdivision: | Voivodeship |
| Nation: | the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Year Start: | 1621 |
| Event Start: | Polish–Swedish War |
| Event End: | First partition |
| Year End: | 1772 |
| Date End: | 5 August |
| Event1: | Treaty of Oliva |
| Date Event1: | 23 April 1660 |
| P1: | Duchy of Livonia |
| Flag P1: | POL Inflanty IRP COA.svg |
| Border P1: | no |
| Symbol: | Coat of arms of Vidzeme |
| S1: | Vitebsk Governorate |
| Flag S1: | Coat of arms of Vitebsk Governorate 1856.svg |
| Border S1: | no |
| Image Map Caption: | Inflanty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1635. |
| Capital: | Dyneburg |
| Stat Area1: | 12000 |
The Inflanty Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo inflanckie),[1] or Livonian Voivodeship, also known as Polish Livonia, was an administrative division and local government in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, since it was formed in the 1620s out of the Wenden Voivodeship and lasted until the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The Inflanty Voivodeship was one of the few territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to be ruled jointly by Poland and Lithuania.
The Inflanty Voivodeship, also called the Duchy of Inflanty, due to a 1667 bill of the Sejm, was the minority remainder of the Duchy of Livonia, which had been conquered by the Swedish Empire during the Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625. The seat of the voivode was Dyneburg (Daugavpils).
The name Inflanty is derived through Polonization of Livland, the German name for Livonia. In modern times the region is known as Latgalia in the Republic of Latvia.[2]
Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of Inflanty Voivodeship:
This is a list of the voivodes for Inflanty: