Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull explained

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
Director:Steven Spielberg
Screenplay:David Koepp
Story:
Producer:Frank Marshall
Cinematography:Janusz Kamiński
Editing:Michael Kahn
Music:John Williams
Studio:Lucasfilm Ltd.
Distributor:Paramount Pictures
Runtime:122 minutes[1]
Country:United States
Language:English
Budget:$185 million
Gross:$786.6 million

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by David Koepp, based on a story by George Lucas and Jeff Nathanson. It is the fourth installment in the Indiana Jones film series and a sequel to Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989).[2] Set in 1957, it pits Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) against Soviet KGB agents led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) searching for a telepathic crystal skull located in Peru.Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen), and their son, Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf). Ray Winstone, John Hurt, and Jim Broadbent are also part of the supporting cast.

Jeb Stuart, Jeffrey Boam, Frank Darabont, Lucas, and Nathanson wrote drafts before Koepp's script satisfied the producers. The filmmakers intended to pay tribute to the science fiction B movies in the 1950s. Shooting began on June 18, 2007, at various locations in New Mexico, New Haven, Connecticut, Hawaii, and Fresno, California, as well as on sound stages in Los Angeles. To maintain aesthetic continuity with the previous films, the crew relied on traditional stunt work instead of computer-generated stunt doubles, and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński studied Douglas Slocombe's style from the previous films.

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull had its premiere at the 61st Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2008, and was released in the United States on May 22, by Paramount Pictures. It received generally positive reviews from critics but mixed responses from audiences. The film was also a financial success, grossing over $786 million worldwide which makes it the franchise's highest-grossing film (when not adjusted for inflation) as well as the second-highest-grossing film of 2008.

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is the last film in the Indiana Jones franchise to be distributed by Paramount, as the Walt Disney Studios acquired rights to future films following the parent company's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012, with Paramount still retaining the rights to the original four films and receiving "financial participation" from any additional properties. It is also the last film in the series for which Spielberg and Lucas are credited with the direction and story, respectively. A sequel concluding the saga, titled Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, was released on June 30, 2023.[3]

Plot

In 1957, Soviet agents led by Colonel Doctor Irina Spalko kidnap American archeologist Indiana Jones and his partner George "Mac" McHale. They infiltrate Hangar 51 in Nevada and use Jones to locate a mummified alien from the Roswell incident. Jones locates the mummy before being double-crossed by Mac, but escapes to a nearby model town at the Nevada Test Site, minutes before an atomic bomb test. He survives the blast in a lead-lined refrigerator in one of the town's mock houses before being rescued and interrogated by the FBI.

Returning to Marshall College, Jones discovers he has been placed on an indefinite leave of absence. Mutt Williams, a young greaser, approaches Jones and informs him that his former colleague, Harold "Ox" Oxley, found a crystal skull in Peru in search of the mythical city Akator. Soviet agents attempt to capture them, but the two escape and travel to Peru. There, they find carvings made by Ox which lead the pair to the grave of Francisco de Orellana, which contains an elongated crystal skull. Leaving the grave, the two are captured by the Soviets and taken to a camp in the Amazon rainforest. They are reunited with Mac, Spalko, an addled Ox, and Mutt's mother, Marion Ravenwood, who informs Jones that Mutt is his son. Spalko tells Jones that the skulls are alien in origin and intends to use them to project Soviet propaganda into the minds of Americans. Jones has a brief telepathic connection to the skull, which commands him to return it to Akator. Jones realizes that Ox is attempting to communicate through automatic writing, discovering a route to the city.

While en route to Akator, Jones retakes the skull from the Soviets and escapes from them alongside Marion, Ox, Mutt and Mac, who claims to be a double agent, all the while leaving a trail for Spalko. Jones and his companions locate Akator, where they learn that the skull belonged to one of thirteen "interdimensional beings" whom the early Ugha tribes worshipped as deities and have since become motionless crystal skeletons. Spalko catches up and places the skull onto the one alien skeleton, who offers Spalko the reward of omniscience. As an interdimensional portal opens above the chamber, abducting Mac and Spalko’s remaining soldiers, the skeletons combine into a reanimated alien, who transfers an overwhelming amount of knowledge into Spalko's mind, disintegrating her. Jones, Ox, Marion and Mutt escape the crumbling city as a flying saucer rises from the ruins and departs for another dimension. As Ox regains his sanity, Jones and his party return to the United States where he is reinstated at Marshall College and promoted to associate dean. Jones and Marion marry each other.

Cast

Additionally, Igor Jijikine portrays Russian Colonel Antonin Dovchenko, Spalko's second-in-command. His character stands in for the heavily built henchmen that Pat Roach played in the three previous films, as Roach died in 2004 from throat cancer.[14] Joel Stoffer and Neil Flynn have minor roles as FBI agents Taylor and Paul Smith interrogating Indiana in a scene following the opening sequence. Alan Dale plays General Ross, who protests Indiana's innocence. Andrew Divoff and Pasha D. Lychnikoff play Soviet agents Grant and Roosevelt, respectively. Spielberg cast Russian-speaking actors so their accents would be authentic.[29] Ilia Volok and Dimitri Diatchenko play Russian Suit and Spalko's right-hand man Dimitri who battle Indiana at Marshall College. Diatchenko bulked up to 250 pounds to look menacing, and his role was originally minor with 10 days of filming. When shooting the fight, Ford accidentally hit his chin, and Spielberg liked Diatchenko's humorous looking reaction, so he expanded his role to three months of filming.[30] Ernie Reyes Jr. plays a cemetery guard. Chet Hanks plays Student in Library.

Sean Connery turned down an offer to cameo as Henry Jones Sr., as he found retirement too enjoyable.[31] Lucas stated that in hindsight it was good that Connery did not briefly appear, as it would disappoint the audience when his character would not join the film's adventure.[32] Ford joked, "I'm old enough to play my own father in this one."[6] Connery later admitted that his true reason for turning the part down was that it was too small, stating: "It was not that generous a part, worth getting back into the harness and go for. And they had taken the story in a different line anyway, so the father of Indy was kind of really not that important. I had suggested they kill him in the movie, it would have taken care of it better."[33] The film addresses Connery's absence by Indiana implying that both Henry, Sr. and Marcus Brody (played in the previous films by Denholm Elliott, who died in 1992) died before the film's events, and briefly shows Connery as Henry Jones Sr. in a picture in Indiana Jones's office.[34] Connery later stated that he liked the film, praising it as "rather good" but also "rather long."[35] Michael Sheard, who portrayed Adolf Hitler in the third film, expressed interest in appearing in the film, but he died in August 2005.[36]

John Rhys-Davies was asked to reprise his role as Sallah as a guest in the wedding scene. He turned it down as he felt his character deserved a more substantial role.[37]

Production

Development

In 1979, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films.[38] Following the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment. He chose instead to produce the prequel television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.[22] The following year, Harrison Ford would express his feelings that, while he was uncertain on if the Indiana Jones character had been fully explored or not, he had the impression that Last Crusade would be the final Indiana Jones film and that, as much he enjoyed playing Jones, he felt that a trilogy was enough, though he wouldn't rule out working with Lucas and Spielberg again.[39] Comic book writer Lee Marrs claimed in a 2023 interview with the IndyCast podcast that Lucasfilm Ltd. was considering to make a continuation to the film series by bringing River Phoenix back as a younger Indy, hence why Dark Horse Comics hoped to keep running their Indiana Jones comic book line, though Phoenix's death in 1993 put an end to such possibility.[40]

As Young Indy aired, Ford played Jones in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago from 1950 Wyoming. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction 1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device.[22] Just like how the 1930s Saturday matinée serials inspired the first three Indiana Jones films as well as Star Wars, Lucas felt that B-movies such as The Thing from Another World (1951), It Came from Outer Space (1953) and Them! (1954) could give them a whole new film genre to play with and add a new texture to the story, giving him the idea of using extraterrestrials.[41] Meanwhile, Spielberg believed he was going to mature as a filmmaker after making the trilogy and felt his role in any future installments would be relegated to that of mere producer.[23] Ford told Lucas, "No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that."[11] Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), resisted it.

Perceiving that Ford and Spielberg opined that the film was too much an obvious Lucas-Spielbergian idea, Lucas personally felt that Ford and Spielberg didn't fully understand the franchise's malleability; instead of doing the exact same movie all the time, all they had to do was to test different genres with each installment and it wouldn't stop being an adventure of the title character looking after some artifact as long it were a believable MacGuffin with an archaeological or historical background. He came up with a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994.[22] (Stuart had previously written 1993's The Fugitive, which starred Ford.) Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allow Henry Jones, Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After he learned that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, he decided to have Soviets as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers.[42] Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hired Last Crusade writer Jeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film. Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels.[22]

In a 2000 interview, Spielberg said that his children constantly asked when he would make the next Indiana Jones film, and that the project would soon be revived.[43] The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period, such as A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Minority Report (2002), and Munich (2005).[12] Lucas convinced Spielberg to use aliens in the plot by saying they were not "extraterrestrials", but "interdimensional", with this concept taking inspiration in the superstring theory.[23] Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using the crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found those artifacts as fascinating as the Ark of the Covenant,[44] and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation.[22] M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot,[43] but he was overwhelmed writing a sequel to a film he loved like Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg and Lucas to focus.[45] Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached.[43]

Frank Darabont, who wrote various Young Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002.[46] His script, entitled Indiana Jones and the City of Gods,[22] was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones.[47] Spielberg conceived the idea because of real life figures such as Juan Perón in Argentina, who protected Nazi war criminals.[22] Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself.[22] Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged the 1950s setting could not ignore the Cold War, and the Soviets were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List (1993),[10] while Ford noted, "We plum[b] wore the Nazis out."[11]

Jeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004 and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titled The Atomic Ants. David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds,[22] based on the J. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found it more inviting a title and actually named the plot device of the crystal skulls. Lucas insisted on the Kingdom part.[48] Koepp's "bright [title] idea" was Indiana Jones and the Son of Indiana Jones, and Spielberg had also considered having the title name the aliens as The Mysterians (1957), but dropped that when he remembered that was another film's title.[23] Koepp collaborated with Raiders of the Lost Ark screenwriter Lawrence Kasdan on the film's "love dialogue."[7]

Filming

Unlike the previous films, Spielberg shot the entire film in the United States, stating he did not want to be away from his family. Shooting began on June 18, 2007, in Deming, New Mexico.[26] [49] An extensive chase scene set at the fictional Marshall College was filmed between June 28 and July 7 at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut (where Spielberg's son Theo was studying).[49] [50] To keep in line with the fact the story takes place in the 1950s, several facades were changed, although signs were put up in between shots to tell the public what the store or restaurant actually was.Afterwards, they filmed scenes set in the Amazon jungle in Hilo, Hawaii until August.[51] Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was the biggest film shot in Hawaii since Waterworld (1995), and was estimated to generate US$22 million to $45 million in the local economy.[52] Because of an approaching hurricane, Spielberg was unable to shoot a fight at a waterfall, so he sent the second unit to film shots of Brazil's and Argentina's Iguazu Falls. These were digitally combined into the fight, which was shot at the Universal backlot.[51]

Half the film was scheduled to shoot on five sound stages at Los Angeles:[53] Downey, Sony, Warner Bros., Paramount and Universal.[20] Filming moved to Chandler Field in Fresno, California, substituting for Mexico City International Airport, on October 11, 2007.[54] After shooting aerial shots of Chandler Airport and a DC-3 on the morning of October 12, 2007, filming wrapped.[55] [56] Although he originally found no need for re-shoots after viewing his first cut of the film,[47] Spielberg decided to add an establishing shot filmed on February 29, 2008, in Pasadena, California.[57]

Design

Spielberg and Janusz Kamiński, who has shot all of the director's films since Schindler's List, reviewed the previous films to study Douglas Slocombe's style. "I didn't want Janusz to modernize and bring us into the 21st century", Spielberg explained. "I still wanted the film to have a lighting style not dissimilar to the work Doug Slocombe had achieved, which meant that both Janusz and I had to swallow our pride. Janusz had to approximate another cinematographer's look, and I had to approximate this younger director's look that I thought I had moved away from after almost two decades."[44] Spielberg also hired production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas after admiring his design work for Superman Returns (2006). Spielberg did not want to fast cut action scenes, relying on his script instead for a fast pace,[44] and had confirmed in 2002 that he would not shoot the film digitally, a format Lucas had adopted for (2002) and (2005).[58] Lucas felt "it looks like it was shot three years after Last Crusade. The people, the look of it, everything. You'd never know there was 20 years between shooting."[59] Kamiński commented upon watching the three films back-to-back, he was amazed how each of them advanced technologically, but were all nevertheless consistent, neither too brightly or darkly lit.[60]

While shooting War of the Worlds (2005) in late 2004, Spielberg met with the film's stunt coordinator and second unit director Vic Armstrong, who doubled for Ford in the previous films, to discuss three action sequences he had envisioned.[61] However, Armstrong was busy filming second unit footage under Rob Cohen for (2008) during shooting of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,[62] so Dan Bradley was hired as second unit director instead. Bradley and Spielberg used previsualization for all the action scenes, except the motorcycle chase at Marshall College, because that idea was conceived after the animators had left. Bradley drew traditional storyboards instead, and was given free rein to create dramatic moments, just as Michael D. Moore did when directing second unit for the original trilogy, such as the truck chase in Raiders of the Lost Ark.[63] Spielberg improvised on set, changing the location of Mutt and Spalko's duel from the ground to on top of vehicles.[60]

The Ark of the Covenant is seen in a broken crate during the Hangar 51 opening sequence. Lucasfilm used the same prop from Raiders of the Lost Ark. Guards were hired to protect the highly sought-after piece of film memorabilia during the day of its use. A replica of the staff carried by Charlton Heston in The Ten Commandments (1956) was also used to populate the set to illustrate the hangar's history.[48]

Effects

Marshall stated in 2003 that the film would use traditional stunt work so as to be consistent with the previous films.[64] CGI was used to remove the visible safety wires on the actors when they did their stunts, such as when Indy swings on a lamp with his whip.[63] Timed explosives were used for a scene where Indiana drives a truck through crates. During the take, an explosive failed to detonate and landed in the seat beside Ford. It did not go off and he was not injured.[65]

Spielberg stated before production began that very few CGI effects would be used to maintain consistency with the other films. During filming significantly more CGI work was done than initially anticipated as in many cases it proved to be more practical. There ended up being a total of about 450 CGI shots in the film, with an estimated 30% of the film's shots containing CG matte paintings.[56] Spielberg initially wanted brushstrokes to be visible on the paintings for added consistency with the previous films, but decided against it.[11] The script also required a non-deforested jungle for a chase scene, but this would have been unsafe and much CGI work was done to create the jungle action sequence. Visual effects supervisor Pablo Helman, who worked on Lucas' (1999) and (2002) as well as Spielberg's War of the Worlds and Munich, traveled to Brazil and Argentina to photograph elements that were composited into the final images. Industrial Light and Magic then effectively created a virtual jungle with a geography like the real Amazon.[66]

The appearance of a live alien and flying saucer was in flux. Spielberg wanted the alien to resemble a Grey alien, and also rejected early versions of the saucer that looked "too Close Encounters". Art director Christian Alzmann said the esthetic was "looking at a lot of older B-movie designs—but trying to make that look more real and gritty to fit in with the Indy universe." Other reference for the visual effects work included government tapes of nuclear tests, and video reference of real prairie dogs shot in 1080p by Nathan Edward Denning.[67]

Music

See main article: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (soundtrack). John Williams began composing the score in October 2007;[68] 10 days of recording sessions wrapped on March 6, 2008, at Sony Pictures Studios.[69] Williams described composing for the Indiana Jones universe again as "like sitting down and finishing a letter that you started 25 years ago". He reused Indiana's theme (The Raiders March) and also Marion's from Raiders of the Lost Ark, and also composed five new motifs for Mutt, Spalko and the skull. Williams gave Mutt's a swashbuckling feel, and homaged film noir and 1950s B-movies for Spalko and the crystal skull respectively. The movie's first scene is accompanied by Elvis Presley's 1956 version of "Hound Dog", arguably the biggest hit of the movie's era, and an RIAA-certified 4× Platinum recording. As an in-joke, Williams incorporated a measure and a half of Johannes Brahms' "Academic Festival Overture" when Indiana and Mutt crash into the library. The soundtrack features a Continuum, an instrument often used for sound effects instead of music.[70] The Concord Music Group released the soundtrack on May 20, 2008.[71]

Release

The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2008, a couple of days ahead of its worldwide May 21–23 release. It was the first Spielberg film since 1982's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to premiere at Cannes.[72] The film was released in approximately 4,000 theaters in the United States, and dubbed into 25 languages for its worldwide release.[44] More than 12,000 release prints were distributed, which is the largest in Paramount Pictures' history.[73] Although Spielberg insisted his films only be watched traditionally using a film projector at theaters, Paramount chose to release the film in digital cinemas as part of a scheme to convert 10,000 U.S. cinemas to the format.[74] The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is also notable for being the last film in the series to be distributed by Paramount, as Walt Disney Studios released the fifth film on June 30, 2023, since its parent company's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012.

Secrecy

Frank Marshall remarked, "In today's information age, secrecy has been a real challenge. ... People actually said, 'No, we're going to respect Steven's vision.'" Prior to release, moviegoers on the Internet scrutinized numerous photos and the film's promotional Lego sets in hope of understanding plot details. Spielberg biographer Ian Freer wrote, "What Indy IV is actually about has been the great cultural guessing game of 2007/08. Yet, it has to be said, there is something refreshing about being ten weeks away from a giant blockbuster and knowing next to nothing about it."[63] To distract investigative fans from the film's title during filming,[75] five fake titles were registered with the Motion Picture Association of America; The City of Gods, The Destroyer of Worlds, The Fourth Corner of the Earth, The Lost City of Gold and The Quest for the Covenant.[76] Lucas and Spielberg had also wanted to keep Karen Allen's return a secret until the film's release, but decided to confirm it at the 2007 Comic-Con.[77]

An extra in the film, Tyler Nelson, violated his nondisclosure agreement in an interview with the Edmond Sun on September 17, 2007, which was then picked up by the mainstream media. It is unknown if he remained in the final cut.[78] At Nelson's request, The Edmond Sun subsequently pulled the story from its website.[79] On October 2, 2007, a Superior Court order was filed finding that Nelson knowingly violated the agreement. The terms of the settlement were not disclosed.[80] A number of production photos and sensitive documents pertaining to the film's production budget were also stolen from Spielberg's production office. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department set up a sting operation after being alerted by a webmaster that the thief might try to sell the photos. On October 4, 2007, the seller, 37-year-old Roderick Eric Davis, was arrested. He pleaded guilty to two felony counts and was sentenced to two years and four months in prison.[63] [81] [82]

Marketing

Howard Roffman, president of Lucas Licensing, attributed the film's large marketing campaign to it having been "nineteen years since the last film, and we are sensing a huge pent-up demand for everything Indy".[83] Marketing relied heavily on the public's nostalgia for the series, with products taking inspiration from all four films. Paramount spent at least $150 million to promote the film, whereas most film promotions range from $70 to 100 million. As well as fans, the film also needed to appeal to younger viewers.[84] Licensing deals include Expedia, Dr Pepper, Burger King, M&M's, Snickers, Lunchables, and Papa John's.[84] Paramount along with Blockbuster sponsored an Indiana Jones open wheel car for Marco Andretti in the 2008 Indianapolis 500, and his racing suit was designed to resemble Indiana Jones's outfit. Andretti would go on to finish third in the race.[85] The distributor also paired with M&M's to sponsor the No. 18 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota, with NASCAR driver Kyle Busch behind the wheel, in the 2008 Dodge Challenger 500 at Darlington Raceway.[86] Kyle Busch and the No. 18 team won the race and visited victory lane with Indiana Jones on the car.[87] With the film's release, producer Frank Marshall and UNESCO worked together to promote conservation of World Heritage Sites around the world.[88] [89] Disneyland hosted "Indiana Jones Summer of Hidden Mysteries" to promote the film's release.[90]

The Boston-based design studio Creative Pilot created the packaging style for the film's merchandise, which merged Drew Struzan's original illustrations "with a fresh new look, which showcases the whip, a map and exotic hieroglyphic patterns".[91] Hasbro, Lego, Sideshow Collectibles, Topps, Diamond Select, Hallmark Cards, and Cartamundi all sold products.[92] A THQ mobile game based on the film was released,[93] as was a Lego video game based on the past films.[94] [95] Lego also released a series of computer-animated spoofs, Lego Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Brick, directed by Peder Pedersen.[96] Stern Pinball released a new Indiana Jones pinball machine, designed by John Borg, based on all four films.[97] From October 2007 to April 2008, the re-edited episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles were released in three DVD box sets.[98]

Random House, Dark Horse Comics, Diamond Comic Distributors, Scholastic, and DK published books,[83] including James Rollins's novelization of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,[99] a two-issue comic book adaptation written by John Jackson Miller and drawn by Luke Ross (), children's novelizations of all four films,[100] the Indiana Jones Adventures comic book series aimed at children,[101] and the official Indiana Jones Magazine.[102] Scholastic featured Indiana and Mutt on the covers of Scholastic News and Scholastic Maths, to the concern of parents, though Jack Silbert, editor of the latter, felt the film would interest children in archaeology.[84]

Home media

The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in North America on October 14, 2008,[103] and in the UK on November 10.[104] This THX certified release includes a two-disc special-edition DVD, a two-disc special-edition Blu-ray, and a single-disc edition DVD.[103] The film made its worldwide television premiere on USA on December 9, 2010. On September 18, 2012, it was re-released on Blu-ray as part of Indiana Jones: The Complete Adventures.[105]

In 2021, a remastered 4K version of the film was released by Paramount and Lucasfilm on Ultra HD Blu-ray, produced using scans of the original negatives. It was released as part of a box set for the then four films in the Indiana Jones film series.[106]

As of October 16, 2013, the film has made $117,239,631 in revenue through home media.[107]

Reception

Box office

Box office revenueBox office rankingReference
United States and CanadaOther territoriesWorldwideAll time U.S. and CanadaAll time worldwide
$317,101,119$469,534,914$786,636,033No. 46No. 58[108]

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is distributed by one entity, Paramount, but owned by another, Lucasfilm. The pre-production arrangement between the two organizations granted Paramount 12.5% of the film's revenue. As the $185 million budget was larger than initially expected, Lucas, Spielberg and Ford turned down large upfront salaries so Paramount could cover the film's costs. For Paramount to see a profit beyond its distribution fee, the film had to make over $400 million. At that point, Lucas, Spielberg, Ford, and those with smaller profit-sharing deals would also begin to collect their cut.[109]

The film was released on May 22, 2008, in the United States and Canada, playing at 4,260 theaters. At that time, it achieved the third-highest number of screenings, behind and Spider-Man 3.[110] For its opening day, the film grossed $25 million domestically, making it the fourth-highest Thursday opening, behind , The Matrix Reloaded and .[111] In its opening weekend, it grossed an estimated $101 million and ranked number one at the box office.[112] The film would go on to set opening weekend records for both a Steven Spielberg film and Harrison Ford film, breaking the previous records held by and Air Force One simultaneously.[113] Within its first five days of release, it grossed $151.1 million, combined with $126 million from the four-day opening weekend. It ranked as the second-biggest Memorial Day weekend release, after Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End.[114] During Memorial Day, the film had already generated a total of $26.7 million, becoming the second-highest Monday gross of any film, trailing only behind Spider-Man 2.[115] It was the third-most-successful film of 2008 domestically, behind The Dark Knight and Iron Man, respectively,[116] and the year's second-highest-grossing film internationally, behind The Dark Knight.[117] In February 2010, it was the 25th-highest-grossing film of all time domestically, and 44th-highest-grossing worldwide, as well as the most financially successful Indiana Jones film when not adjusted for inflation of ticket prices.[118] [119]

Critical response

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, of critic reviews are positive and the average rating is . The website's critical consensus reads, "Though the plot elements are certainly familiar, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull still delivers the thrills and Harrison Ford's return in the title role is more than welcome."[120] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 65 out of 100 based on 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[121]

Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four, the same rating he gave The Last Crusade, finding it "same old, same old", but what "I want it to be", particularly as "a lover of pulp fiction": "What I want is goofy action—lots of it. I want man-eating ants, swordfights between two people balanced on the backs of speeding jeeps, caverns of gold, vicious femme fatales, plunges down three waterfalls in a row, and the explanation for flying saucers. And throw in lots of monkeys."[122] Leonard Maltin also gave the film 3½ stars out of 4, more than he gave Temple of Doom and Last Crusade, and wrote that "Indy returns with the same brand of high adventure that marked the original Raiders of the Lost Ark."[123] Empires Damon Wise criticized the use of CGI but praised Ford's performance and wrote that "It won't change your life but, if you're in the right frame of mind, it will change your mood: you might wince, you might groan, you might beg to differ on the big, silly climax, but you'll never stop smiling."[124]

James Berardinelli gave the film 2 stars out of 4, calling it "the most lifeless of the series" and "simply [not] a very good motion picture."[125] Margaret Pomeranz of At the Movies gave the film 2½ stars out of 5, saying that the filmmakers "had 19 years since the last Indiana Jones movie to come up with something truly exciting and fresh, but I feel there's a certain laziness and cynicism in this latest adventure."[126] Associated Press reported that J. Sperling Reich, writing for FilmStew.com, said: "It really looked like they were going through the motions. It really looked like no one had their heart in it."[127] USA Today stated reviews were "mixed" and reviewers felt the "movie suffers from predictable plot points and cheesy special effects."[128]

International reaction

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation called for a ban on the film, accusing the production team of "demonizing" the Soviet Union.[129] Spielberg responded: "When we decided the fourth installment would take place in 1957, we had no choice but to make the Russians the enemies. World War II had just ended and the Cold War had begun. The U.S. didn't have any other enemies at the time."[130]

The film's depiction of Peru also received criticism from the Peruvian and Mexican public, as it jumbles elements of Precolumbian cultures from those countries (like references to Maya that never lived in Perù).[131] [132]

Audience reception and legacy

Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average rating of "B" on an A+ to F scale, down from the previous film's "A".[133] According to Associated Press, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull received a "respectful" but "far from glowing" reception from Indiana Jones fans, and that "some viewers at its first press screening loved it, some called it slick and enjoyable though formulaic, some said it was not worth the 19-year wait."[127] South Park parodied the film in the episode "The China Probrem", broadcast five months after the film's release. The episode parodied the negative fan reaction, with the characters filing a police report against Lucas and Spielberg for "raping Indiana Jones".[134]

Some disappointed Indiana Jones fans used the term "nuking the fridge", a reference to the scene in which Jones survives a nuclear blast by hiding in a refrigerator, to denote the point when a franchise crosses into the absurd, similar to "jumping the shark". This phrase has appeared across the internet,[135] and was chosen as No. 5 on Time magazine's list of "top ten buzzwords" of 2008.[136] Asked about the scene and phrase, Spielberg said: "Blame me. Don't blame George. That was my silly idea ... I'm proud of that. I'm glad I was able to bring that into popular culture."[137] Lucas denied this, saying Spielberg was "trying to protect" him. According to Lucas, he had assembled a dossier of research data to convince Spielberg; Lucas stated that his research claimed the odds of surviving in the refrigerator are about "50-50."[138]

The mixed fanbase reaction did not surprise Lucas, who was familiar with mixed response to the Star Wars prequels, and predicted that "we're all going to get people throwing tomatoes at us."[139] According to Lucas, fans are "always going to be upset. 'Why did he do it like this? And why didn't he do it like this?' They write their own movie, and then, if you don't do their movie, they get upset about it".[140] David Koepp said: "I knew I was going to get hammered from a number of quarters [but] what I liked about the way the movie ended up playing was it was popular with families. I like that families really embraced it."[141] Although Spielberg said "I'm very happy with the movie. I always have been", he also said "I sympathize with people who didn't like the MacGuffin [the interdimensional beings] because I never liked the MacGuffin."[137] Koepp also disliked the inclusion of aliens and had made a failed suggestion to use a different story idea.[142] Reflecting on the film in 2022, producer Kathleen Kennedy said "we may not have had as strong a story as we wanted".[143]

At the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, LaBeouf told Los Angeles Times he had "dropped the ball on the legacy that people loved and cherished" and felt that "the movie could have been updated ... we just misinterpreted what we were trying to satiate."[144] In 2011, in response to LaBeouf's comments, Harrison Ford said: "I think I told [LaBeouf] he was a fucking idiot ... As an actor, I think it's my obligation to support the film without making a complete ass of myself. Shia is ambitious, attentive and talented—and he's learning how to deal with a situation which is very unique and difficult."[145] LaBeouf said he regretted his comments and their effect on his relationship with Spielberg: "He told me there's a time to be a human being and have an opinion, and there's a time to sell cars. It brought me freedom, but it also killed my spirits because this was a dude I looked up to like a sensei."[146]

Film critic Matt Zoller Seitz praised the film despite its alienation of fans, understanding that the film was "more an ensemble piece" compared to the previous films in the series, but adding that "there was a point to this approach: Crystal Skull was Spielberg's immense and spectacular version of an Old Man movie.... rather like the films Howard Hawks and John Ford were making in the mid- to late '60s".[147] Seitz also considers the "nuke the fridge" scene as one of the series' best, stating that "It brings Indy forward into the world that birthed Steven Spielberg and his Boomer-fueled fantasies of earlier generations. And the construction of it, the shots and cuts, is brilliant. The ramping up. The satirical touches. And the 'nuclear family' pun at the heart of it."[148] [149] Rewatching the film 15 years later, Jeff Ames at ComingSoon said his initial like of the film had been because it was an Indiana Jones sequel, but he said it now "feels like a missed opportunity".[150]

Accolades

The film was nominated for Best Action Movie at the 2009 Critics' Choice Awards.[151] The Visual Effects Society nominated it for Best Single Visual Effect of the Year (the valley destruction), Best Outstanding Matte Paintings, Best Models and Miniatures, and Best Created Environment in a Feature Motion Picture (the inside of the temple).[152] The film ranks 453rd on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[153] It was nominated at the Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Costumes and Best Special Effects. It won Best Costumes.[154] At the 51st Grammy Awards, John Williams won an award for the Mutt Williams theme.[155]

In 2008, the film won the Razzie Award for Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel.[156] Comcast voted it the 11th-worst film sequel of all time.[157] Paste magazine ranked the movie 10th on its list "The 20 Worst Sequels to Good Movies".[158] Listverse.com ranked the film 8th on its list of the "Top 10 Worst Movie Sequels".[159]

AwardCategoryRecipientResult
British Academy Film AwardsBest Special Visual EffectsPablo Helman, Marshall Krasser, Steve Rawlins
Critics' Choice AwardsBest Action MovieIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
Golden Raspberry AwardsWorst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel
MTV Movie AwardsBest Summer Movie So Far
Saturn AwardsBest Science Fiction Film
Best DirectorSteven Spielberg
Best ActorHarrison Ford
Best Supporting ActorShia LaBeouf
Best Costume DesignMary Zophres
Best Special EffectsPablo Helman, Daniel Sudick
Screen Actors Guild AwardsOutstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion PictureIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
Visual Effects Society AwardsBest Single Visual Effect of the YearStephanie Hornish, Pablo Helman, Jeff White, Craig Hammack
Outstanding Matte Paintings in a Feature Motion PictureRichard Bluff, Barry Williams, Yannick Dusseault, Yusei Uesugi
Outstanding Models and Miniatures in a Feature Motion PictureDavid Fogler, Craig Hammack, Brian Gernand, Geoff Herson
Outstanding Created Environment in a Feature Motion PictureMichael Halsted, David Fogler, Steve Walton, David Weitzberg

Lawsuit

In late 2012, the director of the Institute of Archaeology of Belize, Dr. Jaime Awe, sued Lucasfilm, Disney, and Paramount Pictures on behalf of the country Belize for using the Mitchell-Hedges skull's "likeness" in the film. (Awe claimed that if the Mitchell-Hedges skull was actually found in Belize, then it had been stolen from his country, and the defendants were profiting off its likeness.)[160]

Sequel

See main article: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny. On March 15, 2016, Walt Disney Studios announced that Spielberg and Ford would both return for a fifth Indiana Jones film, initially scheduled for release on July 19, 2019.[161] After multiple delays, this was finally changed to June 30, 2023.[162] In February 2020, it was revealed that Spielberg had stepped down as the film's director and that James Mangold had entered negotiations to direct.[163] The fifth film, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, was released by Disney on June 30, 2023.

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (12A). BBFC. July 1, 2023. May 17, 2021. July 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230701091633/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodmwoda. live.
  2. Web site: Rahman . Abid . 2023-05-19 . 'Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny': What the Critics are Saying . 2023-05-19 . . en-US . May 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519075603/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/indiana-jones-5-review-roundup-1235495961/ . live .
  3. Web site: D'Alessandro. Anthony. October 18, 2021. Marvel Movie Shifts: 'Doctor Strange 2' To Kick Off Summer 2022, 'Thor: Love And Thunder' Heads To July & More. October 18, 2021. Deadline Hollywood. en-US. October 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211018205342/https://deadline.com/2021/10/doctor-strange-2-thor-love-and-thunder-black-panther-wakanda-forever-release-date-changes-1234857549/. live.
  4. News: Indiana Jones 4: A fit Ford . February 27, 2007 . Monsters and Critics . March 29, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20090601184608/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/news/article_1270011.php. June 1, 2009. dead.
  5. News: Here come Harrison (in fine form) and 'Indiana Jones' . Bowles . Scott . February 12, 2008 . . February 14, 2008 . Gannett. https://web.archive.org/web/20090620071127/https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2008-02-12-indiana-jones_N.htm. June 20, 2009. dead.
  6. Harrison Ford Q&A: Indy speaks! . Daly . Steve . April 19, 2008 . Entertainment Weekly, ew.com . April 19, 2008 . Meredith Corporation. https://web.archive.org/web/20090425071130/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20192918,00.html. April 25, 2009. dead.
  7. Peter N. Chumo II . Matinee Magic: David Koepp and Indiana Jones Enter the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . Creative Screenwriting . 15 . 3 . May–June 2008.
  8. News: First look: Whip cracks over new 'Indiana Jones' movie . Breznican . Anthony . Anthony Breznican . December 9, 2007 . . December 10, 2007 . . January 16, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080116205913/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-12-09-indiana-jones_N.htm . live .
  9. News: Cate Blanchett: The Oscar Nominee On Dylan, Ledger and Indiana Jones . Huver . Scott . hollywood.com. February 29, 2008 . 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20120916085458/http://www.hollywood.com/feature/Cate_Blanchett_Oscar_Dylan_Ledger_Indiana_Jones/5055256. September 16, 2012. dead.
  10. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas: The Titans Talk! . Daly . Steve . April 16, 2008 . Entertainment Weekly, ew.com . April 17, 2008 . . April 20, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080420105220/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20192040,00.html . dead .
  11. Steve Daly . Indiana Jones: The Untold Story . . Entertainment Weekly, ew.com . April 16, 2008 . April 17, 2008 . November 13, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141113041038/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20192043,00.html . live .
  12. News: Matthew Leyland . Fortune and Glory . Total Film . June 2008 . 68–71.
  13. News: Shawn Adler . 'Indiana Jones' Roles For Cate Blanchett, Ray Winstone Revealed Exclusively To MTV News . MTV . December 7, 2007 . December 7, 2007 . December 9, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071209051429/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1576038/20071207/story.jhtml . dead .
  14. Web site: About the Production . Official site . Flash . May 14, 2008 . May 13, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080513112804/http://www.indianajones.com/site/index.html . live . To access, click "The Film"
  15. News: Kim Gregory . Ray Winstone thinks Cate Blanchett is the best actress in the world . Showbiz Spy . February 15, 2008 . February 15, 2008 . February 20, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080220035507/http://www.showbizspy.com/2008/02/15/ray-winstone-thinks-cate-blanchett-is-the-best-actress-in-the-world/ . live .
  16. "Soccer AM" (Sky Sports 1) and "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross" (BBC1)
  17. News: Ray Winstone's Spielberg suggestions . My Park magazine . December 27, 2008 . December 27, 2008 . June 16, 2009 . https://archive.today/20090616025446/http://www.myparkmag.co.uk/articles/celebrity/ray-winstones-spielberg-suggestions.html . dead .
  18. News: Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, BBC1, May 23, 2008.
  19. News: Shawn Adler . Frank Darabont Expects Fight Over 'Indy IV' Writing Credits . MTV . November 12, 2007 . November 14, 2007 . November 14, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071114173905/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2007/11/12/frank-darabont-expects-fight-over-indy-iv-writing-credits/ . dead .
  20. News: Matt Mueller . Q&A Exclusive: John Hurt on 'Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull' . Premiere . December 20, 2007 . December 18, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080208231813/http://www.premiere.com/features/4335/q-a-exclusive-john-hurt-on-indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull.html . February 8, 2008.
  21. The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, "Ireland, April 1916"
  22. Rinzler, Bouzereau, Chapter 11: "Atomic Ants from Space: May 1989 to June 2007" p. 231–247
  23. Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull DVD special features: The Return of a Legend
  24. News: Shia LaBeouf tapped for 'Indy 4' role . Breznican . Anthony . Anthony Breznican . April 13, 2007 . . April 13, 2007 . . April 15, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070415183540/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-04-12-shia-indiana-jones_N.htm?csp=34 . live .
  25. News: Shia LaBeouf: How I'm Getting Buff for Indiana Jones . Parsley . Aaron . April 23, 2007 . . April 24, 2007 . . March 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175105/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20036458,00.html . live .
  26. Web site: New Indy Adventure Begins Shooting . June 18, 2007 . IndianaJones.com . April 8, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080511112452/http://www.indianajones.com/site/index.html?deeplink=videos%2F1%2Fv18 . May 11, 2008 . dead .
  27. News: Nick de Semlyen . Shia LaBeouf is Indiana Jones Jr. . Empire . April 2008 . 76.
  28. News: Shia Gets Injured On 'Indy 4,' Gears Up For 'Transformers 2' . Adler . Shawn . April 7, 2008 . moviesblog.mtv.com. April 7, 2008 . MTV. https://web.archive.org/web/20120308181915/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/04/07/shia-gets-injured-on-indy-4-gears-up-for-transformers-2/. March 8, 2012. dead.
  29. News: Heather . Newgen . Spielberg Talks Indy 4, Transformers & Tintin! . Comingsoon.net . October 10, 2007 . October 10, 2007 . October 11, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071011135816/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=38211 . live .
  30. News: Army . Archerd . There's No Biz Like– . . April 14, 2008 . April 22, 2008 . December 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141230055925/http://variety.com/2008/voices/columns/theres-no-biz-l-467/ . live .
  31. News: . The Indiana Jones Cast Expands . IndianaJones.com . June 7, 2007 . April 8, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090215124713/http://www.indianajones.com/site/index.html?deeplink=news%2Fn13 . February 15, 2009.
  32. News: Steve . Sonsky . George Lucas Hails Maverick Filmmakers, Teases Indy 4 . . September 18, 2007 . September 18, 2007 . June 16, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090616025902/http://www.tvguide.com/news/george-lucas-maverick-38724.aspx . live .
  33. Web site: Parker . Ryan . Sean Connery Turned Down 'Indiana Jones 4' Because the Role Was Too Small . Heat Vision . January 18, 2018 . Hollywood Reporter . December 28, 2019 . December 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191228032112/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/sean-connery-turned-down-indiana-jones-4-because-role-was-small-1075674 . live .
  34. Web site: Curtis . Ian . Why Sean Connery Turned Down Indiana Jones 4 . . 2021-09-12 . 2023-06-29 . June 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629080754/https://screenrant.com/indiana-jones-kingdom-crystal-skull-sean-connery-cameo/ . live .
  35. Web site: Sean Connery Reviews 'Indiana Jones And The Kingdom Of The Crystal Skull' . March 31, 2009 . Jocelyn . Vena . MTV . March 21, 2018 . November 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221125104239/https://www.mtv.com/news/uoyo9w/sean-connery-reviews-indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull . dead .
  36. Interview with Michael Sheard . Mishan . Eddie . The Indy Experience . March 21, 2018 . April 2005 . June 30, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170630162041/http://www.theindyexperience.com/interviews/michael_sheard_interview.php . live .
  37. Web site: Exclusive Interview: John Rhys Davies Talks War of Resistance, Indy 5 + Returning to The Hobbit? . August 15, 2011 . David . Sztypuljak . heyuguys.co.uk . December 18, 2011 . January 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120111161418/http://www.heyuguys.co.uk/2011/08/15/exclusive-interview-john-rhys-davies-talks-war-of-resistance-indy-5-returning-to-the-hobbit/ . live .
  38. Rinzler, Bouzereau, p. 36
  39. Winter 1990 . Exclusive Interview, Harrison Ford: The Man with the Hat . The Lucasfilm Fanclub Magazine . United States of America.
  40. INDYCAST: EPISODE 330 . IndyCast . IndyCast . Ed Dolista . February 20, 2023 . April 29, 2023.
  41. May 2008 . TF Interview: George Lucas . . United Kingdom.
  42. Rinzler, Bouzereau, "Script draft by David Koepp summary and commentary: April 23, 2007", p. 248–255
  43. News: Ann . Donahue . Indiana Jones and the Curse of Development Hell . . January 2007 . dead . https://archive.today/20070618164526/http://www.premiere.com/movienews/3372/indiana-jones-and-the-curse-of-development-hell.html . June 18, 2007 . October 23, 2013.
  44. News: Jim . Windolf . Keys to the Kingdom . . February 2008 . January 2, 2008 . January 3, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080103033737/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/indianajones200802 . live .
  45. News: Patrick . Lee . M. Night Shyamalan had a sense that all Signs pointed to Mel Gibson . Science Fiction Weekly . August 5, 2002 . July 17, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071011135930/http://scifi.com/sfw/interviews/sfw8748.html . October 11, 2007.
  46. News: Ken . Plume . IGN FilmForce Exclusive: Has Indy IV Found Its Writer? . . May 17, 2002 . January 2, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081216081840/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/359/359715p1.html . December 16, 2008 .
  47. News: Jim . Windolf . Q&A: Steven Spielberg . . December 2, 2007 . December 2, 2007 . January 3, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080103170510/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/spielberg_qanda200802 . live .
  48. Rinzler, Bouzereau, Chapter 12: "Mr. Jones's Wild Ride: June to December 2007", p. 254–295
  49. News: Piccalo . Gina . 'Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull': A primer . Los Angeles Times . October 3, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131221095702/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-indytimeline3oct03,0,3517556,full.story . dead . December 21, 2013 . July 17, 2007.
  50. News: Ed . Stannard . Casting call creates excitement far and wide . New Haven Register . June 4, 2007.
  51. Web site: Indy's Worldwide Trek . Fandango . May 9, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080429165158/http://www.summermovies.fandango.com/roadtrips/index.php?show=0&artid=27 . April 29, 2008.
  52. News: Kevin . Dayton . 'Indiana Jones' having big impact on the Big Island . The Honolulu Advertiser . July 14, 2007 . July 17, 2007 . July 16, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070716163929/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Jul/14/ln/FP707140318.html . live .
  53. News: Jamyes . Song . Ford can still fit into Indy's trousers . USA Today . July 14, 2007 . September 30, 2007 . February 14, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080214152011/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/2007-07-14-4032861888_x.htm . live .
  54. News: Maureen . Naylor . Indiana Jones Will Be Filmed in Fresno . ABC30 . October 9, 2007 . October 10, 2007 . October 19, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071019053615/http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=local&id=5699055 . dead .
  55. News: A Hollywood Movie Crew Is Leaving Fresno . ABC30 . October 12, 2007 . October 12, 2007 . October 19, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071019015552/http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=local&id=5704653 . dead .
  56. News: Todd . Gilchrist . Eric . Moro . Indy IV Winding Down . . October 9, 2007 . October 10, 2007 . June 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120618185111/http://movies.ign.com/articles/826/826026p1.html . live .
  57. News: Indiana Jones 4 Reshoots? . SlashFilm . February 27, 2008 . February 29, 2008 . May 7, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080507064329/http://www.slashfilm.com/2008/02/27/indiana-jones-4-reshoots/ . live .
  58. News: Come Lie With Me . 80–1 . . January 3, 2003.
  59. News: Jim . Windolf . Q&A: George Lucas . . January 2, 2008 . January 2, 2007 . January 5, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080105050455/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/lucas_qanda200802?currentPage=4 . live .
  60. Pre-production DVD featurette, 2008
  61. News: Nick . de Semlyen . Ian . Freer . Chris . Hewitt . Ian . Nathan . Sam . Toy . A Race Against Time: Indiana Jones IV . 100 . . September 29, 2006.
  62. News: Triplett . Gene . Vic Armstrong is veteran 'fall guy' for Harrison Ford, many other stars . May 30, 2020 . The Oklahoman . September 28, 2012 . January 30, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130190222/https://oklahoman.com/article/3713612/vic-armstrong-is-veteran-fall-guy-for-harrison-ford-many-other-stars . live .
  63. News: Ian Freer . Freer . Ian . The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . . May 2008 . 80 – 82.
  64. News: Exclusive: B-Movie Feel For Indy IV . . September 9, 2003 . February 28, 2007 . May 5, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070505063250/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?nid=11918 . live .
  65. News: Chrissy . Iley . Keeping up with Indiana Jones . The Observer . April 27, 2008 . April 30, 2008 . London . February 11, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150211034209/http://www.theguardian.com/film/interview/interviewpages/0,,2275988,00.html . live .
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  70. News: Peter . Kim . 'Indiana Jones' movie to use professor's musical invention . . March 5, 2008 . https://archive.today/20131126022556/http://www.dailyillini.com/news/article_44ba045f-6a1c-50b2-9570-1cbaf299d763.html?mode=jqm. dead. November 26, 2013 . May 6, 2008.
  71. Web site: Kingdom of the Crystal Skull soundtrack . MovieMusic . April 1, 2008 . April 4, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080404073447/http://www.moviemusic.com/soundtrack/indianajones4 . live .
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  75. News: Robert . Sanchez . IESB Chats with The Master — Steven Spielberg! . IESB . October 9, 2008 . February 9, 2008 . February 9, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080209130627/http://www.iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3450&Itemid=99 . live .
  76. News: The 25 Most Exciting Movies of 2008. Empire. February 9, 2008. October 12, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081012071813/http://www.empireonline.com/features/25_most_exciting_movies_of_2008/default.asp. live.
  77. Web site: Indiana casting a surprise for Allen . . May 6, 2008 . May 10, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153032/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411749/1764589 . live .
  78. News: Court Adventure for Indiana Jones . . October 3, 2007 . October 3, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071011005457/http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0%2C%2C30200-1286762%2C00.html . October 11, 2007 . dead.
  79. News: Extra! Extra! Dancing Russian spills beans on Indy secrets . The Guardian . September 30, 2007 . September 29, 2007 . London . September 29, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929062451/http://film.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,2173056,00.html . live .
  80. News: 'Indiana Jones' lawsuit settled . . October 3, 2007 . October 3, 2007 . May 11, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080511103540/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-10-03-indiana-jones-settlement_N.htm?csp=34 . live .
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  82. News: Man pleads guilty in theft of 'Indiana Jones' movie materials . International Herald Tribune . November 2, 2007 . November 2, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090212211455/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/11/02/arts/NA-A-E-MOV-US-Indiana-Jones-Theft.php . February 12, 2009.
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  100. News: Indiana Jones Junior Novelizations On the Way . StarWars.com . February 19, 2008 . February 19, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080225133825/http://www.starwars.com/community/news/films/news20080219b.html . February 25, 2008.
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  106. Web site: Indiana Jones Box Set 4K UHD Blu-Ray Preorders Down to $79.99 . . March 16, 2021 . May 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210319012737/https://www.ign.com/articles/indiana-jones-box-set-4k-uhd-blu-ray-is-up-for-preorder . March 19, 2021 . live.
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  108. Web site: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) . . April 23, 2016 . February 1, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090201103626/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=indianajones4.htm . live .
  109. News: Claudia . Eller . Ford, Lucas, Spielberg on risky quest for treasure . . April 21, 2008 . April 21, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080422143034/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-indianajones21apr21%2C1%2C4784324.story . April 22, 2008 . dead.
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  111. News: Pamela . McClintock . 'Jones' grosses $25 mil on Thursday . . May 23, 2008 . April 23, 2022 . April 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220423171258/https://variety.com/2008/film/box-office/jones-grosses-25-mil-on-thursday-1117986369/ . live .
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  115. Web site: Box Office: 'Jurassic World' Nabs Biggest Nonholiday Monday Ever With $25.6M. The Hollywood Reporter. June 16, 2015. June 19, 2022. June 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220619145938/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/box-office-jurassic-world-nabs-802796/. live.
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  117. Web site: 2008 WORLDWIDE GROSSES . . September 16, 2008 . August 9, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090809102425/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2008&p=.htm . live .
  118. Web site: DOMESTIC GROSSES . . February 19, 2010 . December 5, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081205064427/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm . live .
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  124. Web site: Empire's Indiana Jones And The Kingdom Of The Crystal Skull Movie Review . . October 1, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134005/http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?DVDID=117923 . October 6, 2014 . Wise . Damon.
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  129. News: Indiana angers Russian communists . May 25, 2008 . . May 24, 2008 . May 26, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080526224149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7418727.stm . live .
  130. News: Steven Spielberg: "I'm Russian. But that doesn't explain a thing." . May 26, 2008 . . May 24, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080527004748/http://orenburg.kp.ru/daily/24103/329446/ . May 27, 2008.
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  139. News: Indiana Jones rides into Cannes . . May 17, 2008 . May 29, 2008 . December 16, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081216075552/http://uk.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUKELK76198620080517?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 . live .
  140. Web site: Kelly . Kevin . George Lucas Explains Why You'll Hate Indy IV . Gizmodo . June 22, 2023 . January 2, 2008 . June 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230622174457/https://gizmodo.com/george-lucas-explains-why-youll-hate-indy-iv-339660 . live .
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  142. Web site: Holmes . Adam . Indiana Jones 4 Writer Admits One Aspect Of Kingdom Of The Crystal Skull He Was 'Never Happy With' . . June 22, 2023 . July 13, 2022 . June 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230622174500/https://www.cinemablend.com/movies/indiana-jones-4-writer-admits-one-aspect-of-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-he-was-never-happy-with . live .
  143. Web site: Lewis . George . Indiana Jones boss Kathleen Kennedy reflects on fourth movie's poor reception . Digital Spy . June 22, 2023 . November 26, 2022 . June 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230622174500/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a42074415/indiana-jones-4-kathleen-kennedy/ . live .
  144. Web site: Cannes 2010: Shia LaBeouf: We botched the last Indiana Jones . . May 15, 2010 . March 3, 2012 . November 26, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111126220831/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2010/05/shia-labeouf-wall-street-2-indiana-jones-steven-spielberg.html . live .
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  146. Web site: Shia LaBeouf Regrets Spielberg Dig, Slams Studio System: 'They Stick a Finger Up Your A--' . . Pamela . McClintock . August 15, 2012 . April 17, 2020 . July 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200712235644/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/shia-labeouf-abandoning-big-budget-movies-361943 . live .
  147. Web site: Seitz . Matt Zoller . Matt Zoller Seitz . Directors of the decade: No. 5: Steven Spielberg . . Salon Media Group, Inc. . July 31, 2018 . December 24, 2009 . July 31, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180731153500/https://www.salon.com/2009/12/24/steven_spielberg/ . live .
  148. . mattzollerseitz . 957314029361475585 . January 27, 2018 . July 31, 2018 . It's one of the very best. And that final shot of Indy and the mushroom cloud is worth anything else in the film that people had problems with..
  149. . mattzollerseitz . 957314921057972225 . January 27, 2018 . July 31, 2018 . It brings Indy forward into the world that birthed Steven Spielberg and his Boomer-fueled fantasies of earlier generations. And the construction of it, the shots and cuts, is brilliant. The ramping up. The satirical touches. And the "nuclear family" pun at the heart of it..
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  154. Web site: Nominations for the 35th Annual Saturn Awards . . March 17, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120221234527/http://www.saturnawards.org/nominations.html . February 21, 2012.
  155. Web site: 51st Grammy Awards . Grammy.com . . February 10, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090207085806/http://www.grammy.com/Grammy_Awards/51st_Show/list.aspx . February 7, 2009.
  156. Web site: 29th Annual Golden Raspberry (Razzie©) Award "Winners" . . The Golden Raspberry Award Foundation . March 21, 2018. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100312042202/http://www.razzies.com/history/08winners.asp . March 12, 2010.
  157. Web site: Worst Sequels of All Time . Comcast.net Entertainment . . July 4, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110222221345/http://www.comcast.net/slideshow/entertainment-worstsequels/40 . February 22, 2011.
  158. Web site: The 20 Worst Sequels to Good Movies . . Paste Media Group . July 4, 2010 . Riemer . Emily . October 26, 2009 . March 17, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100317213512/http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2009/10/-worst-sequels-to-good-movies.html?p=3 . live .
  159. Web site: Top 10 Worst Movie Sequels . Listverse . Rev Show . July 4, 2010 . May 20, 2010 . June 28, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100628141649/http://listverse.com/2010/05/20/top-10-worst-movie-sequels/ . live .
  160. Web site: 'Indiana Jones' Lawsuit Seeks Hollywood Profits from Alleged Crystal Skull Theft (Exclusive) . Gardner . Eriq . December 7, 2012 . . December 9, 2012 . December 9, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121209013152/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/indiana-jones-lawsuit-seeks-hollywood-399236 . live .
  161. Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford announce new Indiana Jones movie . Entertainment Weekly . March 15, 2016 . March 16, 2016 . March 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160315194408/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/15/steven-spielberg-and-harrison-ford-announce-new-indiana-jones-movie . live .
  162. Web site: McClintock. Pamela. April 3, 2020. 'Black Widow,' 'Mulan' Land New 2020 Release Dates, 'Jungle Cruise' Delayed a Year. April 3, 2020. The Hollywood Reporter. April 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200404000547/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-widow-mulan-nab-new-release-dates-jungle-cruise-delayed-a-year-1286854. live.
  163. Web site: February 26, 2020. 'Steven Spielberg Won't Direct 'Indiana Jones 5,' James Mangold in Talks to Replace (EXCLUSIVE)'. February 26, 2020. Variety. February 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200226185816/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/steven-spielberg-indiana-jones-5-james-mangold-harrison-ford-1203515698/. live.

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