List of Indigenous peoples explained
Definition
Indigenous communities, peoples, and nations are those which have a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, and may consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing on those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal system.[1]
This historical continuity may consist of the continuation, for an extended period reaching into the present of one or more of the following factors:
- Occupation of ancestral lands, or at least of part of them
- Common ancestry with the original occupants of these lands
- Culture in general, or in specific manifestations (such as religion, living under a tribal system, membership in an Indigenous community, dress, means of livelihood, lifestyle, etc.)
- Language (whether used as the only language, as mother-tongue, as the habitual means of communication at home or in the family, or as the main, preferred, habitual, general or normal language)
- Residence in certain parts of the country, or in certain regions of the world
- Other relevant factors.
- On an individual basis, an Indigenous person is one who belongs to these Indigenous populations through self-identification as Indigenous (group consciousness) and is recognized and accepted by these populations as one of its members (acceptance by the group). This preserves for these communities the sovereign right and power to decide who belongs to them, without external interference.[2]
Africa
See main article: Indigenous peoples of Africa.
African Great Lakes
Kenya[3] [4]
Tanzania[5] [6]
Kenya[7] [8]
Kenya[9] [10]
Kenya[11] [12]
Kenya, Tanzania[13] [14] [15]
Kenya[16] [17]
Kenya, Tanzania[7] [18]
Tanzania, Dodoma region: Kondoa district, between Bubu and Mponde rivers, Singida region.
Northern Zambia, Bangweulu Swamps,
Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo
Southern Zambia, Kafue Flats
Central Zambia, Lukanga Swamp
Western Uganda
Central Africa
Northern Central Cameroon
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Twa
- Angola Twa: Northeastern, Eastern and Southern Angola
- Kasai Twa (Kuba Twa): Central Democratic Republic of Congo
- Mbote Twa: Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Northwest of Lake Tanganyika
- Mongo Twa (Ntomba Twa): Western Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tumba, Lake Mai-Ndombe
- Upemba Twa (Luba Twa): Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Upemba Depression
Horn of Africa
Ethiopia[21] [22] [23] [24]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[25] [26]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[27]
Western Ethiopia, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Far Eastern Sudan[28] [29]
Southern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[30] [31]
Southern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[31] [32]
Western Ethiopia, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Far Eastern Sudan[33] [34]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[35] [36]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[37] [38]
Western Eritrea, Gash-Barka Region, Far Eastern Sudan[39] [40]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[25] [41]
Western Eritrea, Gash-Barka Region, Far Eastern Sudan[40] [39]
Ethiopia, Kenya
Central Eritrea, Southern part of Northern Red Sea Region[43] [44]
Southern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[46] [47]
Somalia, Djibouti, eastern Ethiopia, northeastern Kenya[48] [49]
Ethiopia[50]
Ethiopia[51] [35]
Ethiopia[51]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[52] [53]
Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)[37] [54]
Sudan
Far Northern North Sudan and Far Southern Egypt, along middle Nile river valley banks
- Dinka (Jieng): mainly in Lakes, Warrap and Unity States, Upper Nile river course, Central and North South Sudan.
- Nuer (Naadh): mainly in Jonglei State, East of Upper Nile river course, East Central South Sudan.
- Anuak (Anywaa): mainly East Jonglei State, East South Sudan, and also mainly in Gambela Region, Lowlands of Far Southwest Ethiopia (border areas between South Sudan and Ethiopia).
- Shilluk (Chollo/Cøllø): mainly in North South Sudan, west of the Upper Nile river course, Upper Nile State, South Sudan (Kodok or Kothok, formerly known as Fashoda is in their territory).
- Fur (Fòòrà): Darfur, Western Sudan
- Masalit
Darfur, Western Sudan
Southern Africa
- Bantu languages speaking peoples of Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, southern Angola.
- Southern Khoikhoi languages speaking peoples: Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Kalahari desert, Zimbabwe, west and southwestern South Africa.
- Southern San languages speaking peoples: Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Kalahari desert, west and southwestern South Africa.
- Kx'a/Ju–ǂHoan
- ǃKung/Juu
- ǂʼAmkoe
- ǂKxʼao-ǁʼae (Auen)
- Tuu
- ǃKwi (!Ui)
- ǀXam
- ǂKhomani (Nǀu)
- Khwe (Khoi, Kxoe)
- Taa
West Africa
Mali, and small population in Burkina Faso.[55] [56]
Guinea-Bissau, The Gambia, and Senegal[57]
Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, and formally North Africa. [58] [59]
Guinea, Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
Mali, Senegal, and The Gambia.
Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania.
Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ghana.
Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, and Togo.
Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia.
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin, Mauritania, Guinea Bissau, The Gambia, Togo, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire.
Nigeria, Ghana, The Gambia.
North Africa
Nafusa Mountains (Drar n infusen), Tripolitania, northwestern Libya
Awjila oasis, Cyrenaica, eastern Libya, Sahara
Ghadamès Oasis, western Libya, Sahara
Siwa Oasis (Isiwan), western Egypt, Sahara
Far West Rif Mountains (Arrif), Northern Morocco
Indigenous population of the Maghreb and Sahara of uncertain origin; members now speak either Berber languages or Arabic; inhabit Morocco, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Algeria.
Chad
- Copts (Rem en Khēmi/Rem en Kēme): Egypt, the majority of Egypt's population descended from Ancient Egyptians
- Beja
Canary Islands, Spain
West and Central Asia
West Asia
- Afroasiatic languages
- Semitic peoples
- Central Semitic peoples
- Assyrians (Āṯūrāyē/Sūrāyē/Sūryāyē): A Christian Neo-Aramaic speaking people indigenous to Assyria, which is located in what is now northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria and northwestern Iran in Upper Mesopotamia. There is a testified historical continuity between ancient Assyrians and modern Assyrians, for the majority of Assyrians in the same land that they have lived in since antiquity: (Assyria, Athura, Roman Assyria, & Asoristan), before the Arabization of Upper Mesopotamia, that corresponds with old Assyria (originally speakers of the Akkadian language but in antiquity, by the end of the 1st millennium BC, Assyrians adopted the Aramaic language from Aramaeans as an official language of the Assyrian Empire and in present times speak Assyrian Neo-Aramaic. However, not all Assyrians identify as Assyrian, and several are from peoples that adopted an Assyrian ethnic identity (see terms for Syriac Christians).[60]
- West Semitic peoples
- South Semitic peoples
- Bathari people: Dhofar, Southern Oman. Descendants from the original people of Dhofar before Arabization.
- Harasis: Jiddat al-Harasis, Central Oman. Descendants from the original people of South Arabia before Arabization.
- Hobyót people: Dhofar, Southern Oman, Far Eastern Yemen. Descendants from the original people of Dhofar before Arabization.
- Mehris: Al Mahrah, Eastern Yemen, Dhofar, Southern Oman. Descendants from the original people of Dhofar before Arabization.
- Shehri people/Jibbali people: Dhofar, Southern Oman. Descendants from the original people of Dhofar before Arabization.
- Soqotri people: Soqotra island and group of islands, southeast of mainland Yemen, Indian Ocean. Descendants from the original natives of South Arabia before Arabization.
- Bedouin (Badawī) of the interior deserts of Arabia and Syria.
- Druze (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Al-Muwaḥḥidīn/Ahl al-Tawḥīd): of Jabal al-Druze, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel. The faith of the Druze is a blend of Islam's Ismailism, Judaism, Christianity, Neoplatonism, Pythagoreanism, Gnosticism and Greek philosophy. The foundational text of the faith is the Epistles of Wisdom. Even though they have been a minority for their entire history, they have played a significant role in shaping the history of the Levant. Although the faith originally developed out of Ismaili Islam, Druze are usually not considered Muslims. The oldest and most densely-populated Druze communities exist in Mount Lebanon and in the south of Syria around Jabal al-Druze (literally the "Mountain of the Druze").
- Mandaeans
- Marsh Dwellers/Marsh Arabs (Ma'dan/ʻArab al-Ahwār): An Arabic-speaking people living in the marshes of southern Iraq or on the Iranian side of the Shatt al-Arab.[61]
- Northwest Semitic peoples
[62] along with Samaritans, descend from the Israelite nation of the southern Levant, who are believed by archaeologists and historians to have branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatrous—and later monotheistic—religion centered on El/Yahweh,[63] [64] [65] one of the Ancient Canaanite deities. A Jewish diaspora existed for several centuries before the fall of the Second Temple, and their dwelling in other countries for the most part was not a result of compulsory dislocation.[66] Following the Roman Siege of Jerusalem, destruction of Herod's Temple, and failed Jewish revolts, some Jews were either expelled, taken as slaves to Rome, or massacred,[67] while other Jews continued to live in the region over the centuries, despite the conversion of many Jews to Christianity and Islam as well as persecution by the various conquerors of the region, including the Romans, Arabs, Ottomans, and the British. Additionally, a substantial number of diaspora Jews immigrated to Palestine during the 19th and 20th centuries (mainly under the Zionist movement), as well as after the modern State of Israel was established in 1948. This was coupled with the revival of Hebrew, the only Canaanite language still spoken today. DNA studies show that many major diaspora Jewish communities derive a substantial portion of their ancestry from ancient Israelites.[68] [69] [70] [71]
- There are competing claims that Palestinian Arabs and Jews are indigenous to historic Palestine/the Land of Israel.[72] [73] [74] The argument entered the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in the 1990s, with Palestinians claiming Indigenous status as a pre-existing population displaced by Jewish settlement, and currently constituting a minority in the State of Israel.[75] Israeli Jews have in turn claimed indigeneity based on historic ties to the region and disputed the authenticity of Palestinian claims.[76] [77] In 2007, the Negev Bedouin were officially "recognized as an indigenous people of Israel" by the United Nations.[78] This has been criticized both by scholars associated with the Israeli state, who dispute the Bedouin's claim to indigeneity,[79] and those who argue that recognising just one group of Palestinians as Indigenous risks undermining others' claims and "fetishising" nomadic cultures.[80]
Gilan, North Iran, South Caspian Sea coast and Elburz Mountains
Southwestern Iran, Zagros Mountains
Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq.
Southeastern Turkey, Upper Euphrates river, East Anatolian Plateau
-
- Southwest Iranian peoples
Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Northern Musandam, Oman
Republic of Azerbaijan, Dagestan (Russia)
Caucasus
See main article: Peoples of the Caucasus.
Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
Central Asia
Tajikistan
Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Russia
South Asia
Indian subcontinent
- Adivasis: collective term for many Indigenous peoples in India (see also Scheduled Tribes in India)
Tamil Nadu, South India
Gondwana Land, Central India
Tamil Nadu, South India
Indigenous peoples of the Odisha, East India
Kodagu, Karnataka, South India
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, South India
Tamil Nadu, South India and Sri Lanka
Tamil Nadu, South India
Maldives
Rajasthan
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
Nepal, East India
-
- Sino-Tibetan-speaking peoples
Ladakh, North India
Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
Karbi Anglong, Assam, North-East-India
Nagaland, North-East India
Nepal, Uttarakhand
Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
Bangladesh, Arunachal Pradesh - North-East India
India
- Sino-Tibetan-speaking peoples
Manipur, North-East India
Hunza and Chitral districts, Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan
- Sino-Tibetan-speaking peoples
Bangladesh
Manipur and neighboring states of India, Bangladesh, Myanmar
Maldives
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
now extinct, formerly of Rutland Island, Andamans
South Andaman and Middle Andaman
Northeast Asia
China
Western China
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northern Xinjiang, China
Taklamakan Desert, Southwestern Xinjiang, China
Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Russia
Kyrgyzstan, China
North China
Fuyu County, Heilongjiang
Far Northern China
South China
Southern China (provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan), Myanmar, northern Vietnam, Laos and Thailand
Southern China, Vietnam and Laos
Mongolia
Mongolia
Historically Mongolia
Zavkhan, Mongolia
Taiwan
See main article: List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan.
- Indigenous peoples of the island of Taiwan
Japan
Korea
Jeju Island, South Korea
Siberia
See main article: Indigenous peoples of Siberia and Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. Over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in the Asiatic part of Russia (Siberia/North Asia).
Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Kamchatka Krai
Alaska and the Russian Far East
Tomsk Oblast, Russia
Northern Siberia
Altai Krai, Russia
Southern Siberia
Kemerovo Oblast, Russia
Southern Siberia
Tuva Republic, Russia
Yugra, Western Siberia, Russia
Southeast Asia
of Vietnam
Northern Thailand and Laos
Thailand and Laos
- Palaungic peoples
- Wa (Vāx): One of the hill tribes of Myanmar (They are also distributed in Yunnan Province, China in East Asia).
- Zomi (Zo Pau): One of the Indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. The word Zomi is the collective name given to many tribes who traced their descent from a common ancestor. Through history they have been known under various appellation, such as Chin, Kuki and Mizo, but the expression was disliked by them, and they insist that the term was a misnomer given by others and by which they have been recorded in certain documents designate their ancient origins as a separate ethnicity.
- Vietic peoples
- Austronesian peoples
in Myanmar, and Thailand
subgroups of Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam (They are also distributed in China in East Asia).
- Montagnards (Degar): an umbrella term for several Pre-Vietnamese peoples that dwell in the plateaus and mountains of the southern regions of Vietnam
Quảng Ngãi Province, Central Vietnam
Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên (Vietnam)
-
- Southern Bahnaric peoples
Central Highlands, Vietnam
Cambodia and Vietnam
Cambodia and Vietnam
Di Linh Highland of Vietnam
Vietnam and Laos
Laos, Vietnam
Central Highlands of Vietnam, as well as in the Northeast Province of Ratanakiri (Cambodia)
Southern Vietnam
in Khánh Hòa Province of South Central Coast, and Ninh Thuận Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam
Peninsular Malaysia
- Sino-Tibetan-speaking peoples
- Karenic peoples
- Karen (Per Ploan Poe/Ploan/Pwa Ka Nyaw/Kanyaw): an alliance of hill tribes of Myanmar and Thailand
- Lolo-Burmese peoples
- Akha a.k.a. Aini or Aini-Akha: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Laos and Burma (They are also distributed in Yunnan Province, China in East Asia).
- Lahu (Ladhulsi/Kawzhawd): One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Myanmar and Laos (They are also distributed in Yunnan, China).
- Lisu
One of the hill tribes of Myanmar and Thailand (They are also distributed in Arunachal Pradesh, India in South Asia and Yunnan and Sichuan, China).
Inle Lake of Myanmar
Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos and Thailand (They are also distributed in Yunnan, China).
Northwest Vietnam, Laos and Thailand (They are also distributed in Yunnan)
Laos, Northern Thailand, Myanmar, and Lai Châu Province in Vietnam (They are also distributed in Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, China).
Borneo, (Malaysia and Indonesia)
Mentawai Islands, Indonesia
Siberut Island and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia
Sarawak, Malaysia
Sarawak, Malaysia
Mindoro in the Philippines
Mindanao and Sulu archipelago in the Philippines
Palawan, Philippines
Sumatra, Indonesia
Luzon, Philippines
Panay, Philippines
Palawan, Philippines
of Indonesia
See also: Indigenous peoples of the Philippines.
Europe
Some sources describe the Sámi as the only recognized indigenous peoples in Europe,[89] [90] [91] with others describing them as the only indigenous people in the European Union.[92] [93] [94] [95] Other groups, particularly in Central, Western and Southern Europe, that might be considered to fit the description of indigenous peoples in the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, such as the Sorbs, are generally categorized as national minorities instead.[96]
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Americas
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Americas and Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas. The Americas consist of the supercontinent comprising North and South America, and associated islands.
List of peoples by geographical and ethnolinguistic grouping:
North America
See main article: List of First Nations peoples, Federally recognized tribes and Indigenous peoples of Mexico. North America includes all of the continent and islands east of the Bering Strait and north of the Isthmus of Panama; it includes Greenland, Canada, United States, Mexico, Central American and Caribbean countries. However a distinction can be made between a broader North America and a narrower Northern America and Middle America due to ethnic and cultural characteristics.
- Indigenous peoples in North America by Country
- Indigenous peoples in North America by native cultural regions
Arctic
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the North American Arctic.
Alaska, United States
Nunivak Island, Alaska, United States
Greenland
North Greenland
West Greenland
East Greenland
Interior Alaska.
Canadian Arctic
a mixed First Nations (from several peoples) and European (from several peoples) people of Canada.
Subarctic
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic.
- Na-Dené peoples
- Athabaskan peoples
- Northern Athabaskan peoples
- Métis
a mixed Native American (from several peoples) and European (from several peoples) people of Canada.
- Algonquians
- Cree of Montana, United States, and Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Innu of Northeastern Quebec, and Western Labrador, Canada.
- Annishinabe of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba, Canada, as well as Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin, United States.
- Beothuk of Newfoundland, Canada.
Pacific Northwest Coast
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast.
- Makah of Washington, United States.
- Quinault of Washington, United States.
- Nootka of British Columbia, Canada.
- Kwakiutl of British Columbia, Canada.
- Eyak of Alaska, United States.
- Haida of British Columbia, Canada, and Alaska, United States.
- Tlingit of Alaska, United States.
- Tshimshian of British Columbia, Canada, and Alaska, United States.
Northwest Plateau-Great Basin-California
Northwest Plateau
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau.
Great Basin
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin.
- Ute of Utah, United States.
- Shoshone of Colorado, Wyoming, Nevada, and Utah, United States.
- Washoe of Nevada, United States.
- Paiute of Colorado, California, Nevada, and Utah, United States.
- Pais of Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, United States, as well as Baja California, Mexico.
California
See main article: Indigenous peoples of California.
Baja California, Mexico
-
- Miwok of California, United States.
- Maidu of California, United States.
- Wintu of California, United States.
- Chumash of California, United States.
- Tongva of California, United States.
- Modoc of California, and Oregon, United States.
- Athabaskans
- Cahuilla of California, United States.
- Mojave of California, and Nevada, United States.
- Uto-Aztecans
- Karok of California, United States.
Great Plains
See main article: Plains Indians.
- Comanche of Texas and Oklahoma, United States.
- Osage of Kansas and Nebraska, United States.
- Sioux of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota, United States, as well as Saskatchewan, and Alberta, Canada.
- Kiowa of Texas, and Oklahoma.
- Crow of Montana.
- Omaha of Nebraska.
- Blackfoot of Montana, United States, Alberta, Canada, and Saskatchewan, Canada.
Eastern Woodlands
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands.
Northeastern Woodlands
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands.
- Iroquoian peoples
- Haudenosaunee of New York, Wisconsin, and Oklahoma, United States, as well as Quebec and Ontario, Canada.
- Mohawk of Quebec, Canada, and New York, United States.
- Seneca of New York, and Oklahoma, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Cayuga of Oklahoma, and New York, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Oneida of Wisconsin and New York, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Tuscarora of New York, United States, and Ontario, Canada.
- Onondaga of New York, United States, and Ontario, Canada.
- Wyandot of Kansas, Michigan, and Oklahoma, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Nation du chat of Upstate New York, Ohio, and Northwest Pennsylvania, United States.
- Conestoga (Susquehannock) of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, and Maryland (United States).
- St. Lawrence Iroquoians
St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada, and New York, United States.
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio, United States.
-
- Algic peoples
- Algonquian peoples
- Chowanoke of North Carolina.
- Carolina Algonquian
- Powhatan Confederacy of Virginia.
- Wampanoag of Massachusetts.
- Wabanaki of Maine, United States, and New Brunswick and Newfoundland, Canada.
- Shawnee of the Ohio River Valley, now Oklahoma.
- Central Algonquian peoples
- Kikapú (Kiikaapoa/Kiikaapoi): Indigenous peoples from southeast Michigan, United States, also in Coahuila, Mexico.
- Peoria (Illiniwek)
- Annishinabe
- Ojibwe of Minnesota, North Dakota, and Michigan, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Potawatomi of Michigan and Indiana, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Odawa of Oklahoma and Michigan, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
- Cree of Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories, Canada, as well as Montana, United States.
Southeastern Woodlands
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.
- Cherokee of North Carolina, Georgia, and Oklahoma.
- Natchez of Louisiana and Arkansas.
- Muskogeans
- Indigenous peoples of Florida
- Siouans
- Caddoans
- Caddo of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana.
- Pawnee of Oklahoma, Nebraska and Kansas, United States.
- Southern Plains villagers of Western Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Southeastern Colorado.
- Arikara of North Dakota, United States.
- Hidatsa of North Dakota, United States.
- Wichita of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas, United States.
Southwest
Sonora, Mexico
Chihuahua, Mexico
Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Texas, United States
Mesoamerica
Oaxaca and Chiapas Mexico
Oaxaca, Mexico
Oaxaca, Mexico
Oaxaca, Mexico
Mexico (state), Mexico
Oaxaca, Mexico
Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico
Central America
Central America is generally defined as a subregion in North America located between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Darién Gap.
- Indigenous peoples in Central America by country:
Mesoamerica
Chiapas, Mexico
El Salvador
Guatemala
Guatemala and Belize
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala – also called Poptí
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Isthmo-Colombian Area
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Panama
Panama, Costa Rica
Honduras
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
A mixed West African (from several peoples) and Amerindian people (mainly from the Island Caribs - Kalhíphona) that traditionally speaks an Arawakan language in Belize and Honduras.
A mixed West African (from several peoples) and Amerindian people (mainly from the original Miskito) that traditionally speaks Miskito, a Misumalpan language, and also Nicaragua Creole English in Nicaragua and Honduras.
Florida, The Bahamas, and Mexico. (Mixed Seminole and African).
South America
See main article: Indigenous peoples in South America and List of Indigenous peoples of South America.
South America generally includes all of the continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.
Isthmo-Colombian Area
Venezuela/Colombia
Colombia
Venezuela's Orinoco River delta region.
Amazon
Peru
Northern Ecuador
Colombia/Peru
Loreto, Peru
Colombia
Ucayali, Peru
Ucayali, Peru
Amazon rainforest, southeast Peru
Brazil/Peru
Brazil/Peru
Brazil
Colombia
Loreto, Peru/Ecuador
Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina
Brazil
eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil
Guianas
Brazil, Guyana
Eastern Highlands (Brazilian Highlands)
Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina
Mato Grosso, Brazil
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina
Brazil
eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil
Chaco
Paraguay
the Chaco, Argentina/Bolivia
the Chaco, Paraguay/Bolivia
Central Andes
Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia
Peru/Bolivia/Chile
Chile/Argentina
Peru
Colombia
Lake Titicaca, Peru and Bolivia
Southern Cone
Araucania
Chile
Chile/Argentina
Chile
Patagonia
Argentina
Chiloé, Guaitecas and Chonos, Chile
Southern Chile/Argentina
Caribbean
See main article: Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean.
The West Indies, or the Caribbean, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean Sea, namely the Lucayan Archipelago, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser Antilles.
Amerindians who originally inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean, they are of Arawakan descent.
- Neo-Taíno nations Some scholars distinguish between the Taíno and Neo-Taíno groups. Neo-Taíno groups were also native to the Antilles islands, but had distinctive languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Taíno.[102] These groups include:
a term preferred in Cuban historical texts for the neo-Taino-Siboney nations of the island of Cuba.
Based in the Bahamas
Eastern Hispaniola
Hispaniola
Western Cuba
Oceania
See main article: Indigenous Australians and Pacific Islander. Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea, New Zealand and the continent of Australia.
List of peoples by geographical and ethnolinguistic grouping:
Australia
Indigenous Australians include Aboriginal Australians on the mainland and Tiwi Islands as well as Torres Strait Islander peoples from the Torres Strait Islands.
- Aboriginal Australians include hundreds of groupings of people, defined by various overlapping characteristics such as language, culture and geography, which may include sub-groups. The Indigenous peoples of the island state of Tasmania and the Tiwi people (of the Tiwi Islands off the Northern Territory) are also Aboriginal peoples, who are genetically and culturally distinct from Torres Strait Islander peoples.
- Torres Strait Islander peoples are culturally and linguistically Papuo-Austronesian, and the various peoples of the islands are of predominantly Melanesian descent. The Torres Strait Islands are part of the state of Queensland.
Western Desert
Northern Territory, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
South Australia, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia, Australia
Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia, Australia
Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Kimberley
Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
Halls Creek and Kununurra, Western Australia, Australia
Kununurra, Western Australia, Australia
Eastern Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Northwest
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Gascoyne region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Exmouth, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Gascoyne region, Western Australia, Australia
Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Gascoyne region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Mid West region, Western Australia, Australia
Gascoyne region, Western Australia, Australia
Southwest
Geraldton Sandplains, Western Australia, Australia
Avon Wheatbelt, Western Australia, Australia
Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, Australia
Jarrah Forest, Western Australia, Australia
Mallee, Western Australia, Australia
Warren, Western Australia, Australia
Avon Wheatbelt, Western Australia, Australia
Esperance Plains, Western Australia, Australia
Warren, Western Australia, Australia
Jarrah Forest, Western Australia, Australia
Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, Australia
Jarrah Forest, Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Mallee, Western Australia, Australia
Goldfields–Esperance region, Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Western Australia and South Australia, Australia
Goldfields–Esperance region, Western Australia, Australia
Gascoyne region, Western Australia, Australia
Fitzmaurice Basin
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Anson Bay, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Anson Bay, Northern Territory, Australia
Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Moyle River, Northern Territory, Australia
Wadeye, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Wadeye, Northern Territory, Australia
Fitzmaurice River, Northern Territory, Australia
Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia
Arnhem Land
Northern Territory, Australia
Maningrida, Northern Territory, Australia
Blyth River, Northern Territory, Australia
Maningrida, Northern Territory, Australia
Maningrida, Northern Territory, Australia
Blyth River, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia
Goulburn Islands, Northern Territory, Australia
Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia
Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia
Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia
Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia
Top End
Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia
Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Northern Territory, Australia
Alligator Rivers, Northern Territory, Australia
Alligator Rivers, Northern Territory, Australia
Gulf Country
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Mornington Island, Wellesley Islands, Queensland, Australia
Wellesley Islands, Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Cape York
West Cape
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
East Cape
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Daintree Rainforest
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Atherton Tableland, Queensland, Australia
Atherton Tableland, Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Halifax Bay, Queensland, Australia
Lake Eyre Basin
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Simpson Desert, South Australia, Australia
Queensland, Australia
South Australia, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
Spencer Gulf
South Australia, Australia
Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Flinders Ranges, South Australia, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
South Australia, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
Adelaide Plains, South Australia, Australia
Adelaide Plains, South Australia, Australia
Murray-Darling Basin
New South Wales and Victoria, Australia
New South Wales and Victoria, Australia
South Australia, Australia
South Australia, Australia
Murray River, South Australia, Australia
Riverland, South Australia, Australia
South Australia and Victoria, Australia
South Australia, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
Murray River, Victoria, Australia
New South Wales and Queensland, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales and Queensland, Australia
Northeast
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Burdekin River, Queensland, Australia
Mackay, Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia
Queensland, Australia
Southeast
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
Mid North Coast, New South Wales, Australia
Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia
Macleay Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
New South Wales and Victoria, Australia
New South Wales and Victoria, Australia
Gippsland, Victoria, Australia
Gippsland, Victoria, Australia
Victoria, Australia
Yarra River, Victoria, Australia
Werribee River, Victoria, Australia
Victoria, Australia
Victoria, Australia
Victoria, Australia
Mount Gambier, South Australia, Australia
Victoria, Australia
Lake Colac, Victoria, Australia
Tasmania
Circular Head and Robbins Island, Tasmania, Australia
Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia
Northern Tasmania, Australia
Northeastern Tasmania, Australia
Northern Midlands and Ben Lomond, Tasmania, Australia
Oyster Bay, Tasmania, Australia
Big River, Tasmania, Australia
Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia
Torres Strait Islands
Badu Island, Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia
Central Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia
Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia
Eastern Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia
Melanesia
Melanesia generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji. The region is mostly inhabited by the Melanesian peoples.
New-Caledonia
Malaita, Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
more than 250 distinct tribes or clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the Indonesian provinces of West Papua and Papua). Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
Peilungua Mountains, Papua New Guinea.
Sepik, Papua New Guinea.
Southern Highlands, PNG
Southwestern Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
Great Papuan Plateau, PNG
western PNG, Star Mountains.
Papua, Indonesia
West Papua, close to the Papua New Guinea border.
Asmat Regency, West Papua.
Micronesia
Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific. The region is mostly inhabited by the Micronesian peoples.
Northern Marianas and Guam
Northern Marianas
Polynesia
Polynesia includes New Zealand and the islands of Oceania, and has various Indigenous populations.[103]
Circumpolar
Circumpolar peoples is an umbrella term for the various Indigenous peoples of the Arctic.List of peoples by ethnolinguistic grouping:
Alaska, United States and the Russian Far East, Siberia
Greenland, Northern Canada (Nunavut, Nunavik and Northwest Territories), Alaska, United States
See also
References
Sources
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- Book: Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues . State of the World's Indigenous Peoples . United Nations . 2009 . New York . 4–7.
- Book: Tubb. Jonathan N.. Canaanites. 1998. University of Oklahoma Press. 978-0-8061-3108-5. registration. 40. The Canaanites and Their Land.. none.
Notes and References
- Jose R. Martinez Cobo
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110809174257/http://www.indigenouspeoples.nl/indigenous-peoples/definition-indigenous Definition of indigenous peoples
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- Pierret, Paul, "Dictionnaire d'archéologie égyptienne", Imprimerie nationale 1875, p. 198-199 [in] Diop, Cheikh Anta, "Precolonial Black Africa", (trans: Harold Salemson), Chicago Review Press (1988), p. 65
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- Sawahla & Dloomy (2007, pp. 425–433)
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- Tubb, 1998. pg 13–14.
- Mark Smith, in The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel, states "Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Palestinians and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BC). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture. ... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Palestinians for the Iron I period." (pp. 6–7). Smith, Mark (2002) The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel (Eerdman's)
- Rendsberg, Gary (2008). "Israel without the Bible". In Frederick E. Greenspahn. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship. NYU Press, pp. 3–5
- [Erich S. Gruen]
- [Josephus]
- Web site: Jewish Genetics - DNA, genes, Jews, Ashkenazi.
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- Web site: Tracing the Roots of Jewishness. 2010-06-03.
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