Indiewood Explained

Indiewood (also known as "specialty", "alternative", "indie", or "quality") films are made outside of the Hollywood studio system or traditional arthouse/independent filmmaking system yet managed to be produced, financed and distributed by the two with varying degrees of success and/or failure.[1]

Background

The American independent film, prior to the 1980s and first half of the 1990s,[2] was previously associated with b movies, exploitation films, avant-garde underground cinema (when it was known as the New American Cinema[3]), social and political documentaries, experimental animated shorts (since the mid-1930s featuring works by pioneer animators Mary Ellen Bute and Oskar Fischinger) and social realist dramas.[4] [5] [6]

Throughout the middle of the 1990s, the word "Indiewood" (a.k.a. "indie boom" or "indie film movement") was invented to describe a component of the spectrum of American films in which distinctions exist, it seemed as if Hollywood and the independent sector had become blurred.[7] [8] [9]

Divisions

Indiewood divisions gain from expert experience of the niche industry by hiring leading independent personalities such as Harvey Weinstein[10] from the Disney fold after the exit of the Weinsteins,[11] [12] and James Schamus, former joint head of Good Machine, at Focus Features.[13]

Other "mini-major" subdivisions/indie distributors

Sources

[15] [16]

Differences from Hollywood

The films are often made for far less money than Hollywood films[17] (some films like Robert Townsend's 1987's satire Hollywood Shuffle and Kevin Smith's 1994 Gen X comedy Clerks were funded by using credit cards) and each aspect of the filmmaking process has to undergo less scrutiny by committees. Additionally, within the Indiewood approach the filmmaker can take as long as they need in the post-production phase of their film - whereas in Hollywood they are contracted to finish the film in a specific period of time (usually 10 weeks). In Hollywood, the film then goes on to show in focus group screenings on the studio lot. In Indiewood, the filmmakers can determine the next steps of the film. They also bear striking similarities to as well as were influenced by the "proto-indies" of the 1960s such as Robert Downey Sr's still image film Chafed Elbows (1966), John Cassavetes's Academy Award-nominated Faces and Brian de Palma's Greetings (each from 1968) which in turn were influenced by the culture of the Beat Generation, the polar opposite to the conformist, gray-flannel conformity of 1950s America.[18]

Most Indiewood films are first shown at film festivals with the hopes of further distribution by being picked up (or purchased) by a larger film company or distributor in order to find broader audiences alongside awards consideration (e.g. 2009's A Single Man).[19]

List of selected Indiewood/Pre-Indiewood filmmakers

[21]

[21]

[61]

[75]

List of selected notable and important Pre-Indiewood films

Pre-1950s

1950s

1960s

1970s

[83] [107] [82] [101] ≈

List of notable and important Indiewood films

1980s

[81] [105] [83] ≈

[140] [119] [81] [83]

[119] [101] ≈

[119] ≈

[157] [140] [144] [81] [149] [138] [75] [119] [63] [158] [105] [83] [82] [101] ≈

1990s

[169] [144] [81] [149] [82]

[82] [164] [105] [83] [149] ≈

[172] [169] [144] [83] [149]

[170] [173] [172] [169] [88] [149] [164]

[144] [81] [83] ≈

[179] [172] [81] [105] [83] ≈

[144] [183] [83] [149] [182] [164]

[172] [188] [88] [83] [182] [164]

[142] [81] [88] [83] [149] [82]

2000s

[173] [81] [183] [198] [83] [149]

[211] [144] [81] [198] [88] [83] [149]

2010s

2020s

Notes

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Robey. Tim. The rise and rise of Indiewood. 2 February 2018. Telegraph. 5 September 2004.
  2. Web site: Louis Malle teams a young Susan Sarandon with an aging Burt Lancaster . . 2 September 2015 .
  3. Web site: November 23, 2016 . Watch: How New Hollywood Created the American Indie . No Film School.
  4. https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a32684275/best-indie-movies/ 27 Of The Best Indie Movies Of All Time|Esquire
  5. Web site: The Academy Presents 'Restored Animated Rarities' . AFA: Animation for Adults.
  6. Book: Enchanted Drawings: The History of Animation . 286–293. 978-0-394-54684-1 . 1989 . Knopf .
  7. Book: Decherney, Peter . Hollywood: A Very Short Introduction . 7. Home video and Indiewood . 2016 . 101–115 . 10.1093/actrade/9780199943548.003.0008. 978-0-19-994354-8 .
  8. 'Indie doc': Documentary film and American 'independent', 'indie' and 'indiewood' filmmaking . 10.1080/17503280.2016.1171688 . 2016 . Tzioumakis . Yannis . Studies in Documentary Film . 10 . 1–21 .
  9. Book: The Cinema Book . 59 . 25 July 2019 . Bloomsbury . 978-1-83871-869-5 .
  10. https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/5190 American Indies, 1980-1989|MoMA
  11. https://online.ucpress.edu/fq/article-abstract/64/2/88/41832/Review-Indiewood-USA-Where-Hollywood-Meets?redirectedFrom=fulltext Review: Indiewood, USA: Where Hollywood Meets Independent Cinema, by Geoff King|Film Quarterly|University of California Press
  12. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/729124-009/html Chapter Eight. Maxed Out: Miramax and Indiewood in the New Millennium - De Gruyter
  13. Web site: Indiewood, USA: Where Hollywood meets Independent Cinema. King. Geoff. 2009. gkindiefilm.com. I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. 17 May 2020.
  14. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/what-was-the-first-ever-independent-movie/ What was the first-ever independent movie?|Far Out Magazine
  15. https://mubi.com/notebook/posts/somewhere-only-we-know Somewhere Only We Know on Notebook|MUBI
  16. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/movies/24film.html New Yorkers Films, an Independent Distributor, Will Close After 44 Years - The New York Times
  17. https://www.ft.com/content/5ff5305e-b75b-11e4-8807-00144feab7de How Indiewood gatecrashed the Oscars|Financial Times
  18. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118758359.ch9 Proto-Indie - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jfilmvideo.68.1.0019 Overcoming the Stigma: The Queer Denial of Indiewood on JSTOR
  20. News: Our Film Critic on Why He's Done with the Movies . The New York Times . 23 March 2023 . Barbaro . Michael . Cheung . Jessica . Johnson . Michael Simon . Chaturvedi . Asthaa . Benoist . Michael . Wood . Chris .
  21. https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/deep-focus/other-side-reaganite-1980s-american-cinema Deep focus: The other side of 80s America|Sight & Sound|BFI
  22. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781474403931-016/pdf 12. Not Just Indie: A Look at Films by Dee Rees, Ava Duvernay and Kasi Lemmons - DegRuyter
  23. Book: Indie Reframed . 10.3366/j.ctt1g0529f . 2016 . 978-1-4744-0392-4 . Badley . Linda . Perkins . Claire Elizabeth . Schreiber . Michele .
  24. https://books.google.com/books?id=aDVYDwAAQBAJ Indie Reframed - Google Books
  25. https://www.criticsnotebook.com/2021/10/jockey-movie-review-clifton-collins-jr-molly-parker-clint-bentley.html Stumbling Out of the Gate - Critic's Notebook
  26. https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/25-years-later-charles-burnett-and-richard-brooks-reflect-on-indie-classic-to-sleep-with-anger-55430/ 25 Years Later, Charles Burnett and Richard Brooks Reflect on Indie Classic 'To Sleep with Anger'|IndieWire
  27. https://filmmakermagazine.com/103231-independent-films-sorry-quarter-century/#.ZCCFnDnMIdU Independent Film’s Sorry Quarter Century?|Filmmaker Magazine
  28. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/12/tyler-perry-madea-creator-of-a-racial-stereotype-or-the-greatest-indie-film-maker-ever Tyler Perry: creator of a racial stereotype or the greatest indie film-maker ever?|Comedy films|The Guardian
  29. https://books.google.com/books?id=aALECgAAQBAJ Hollywood: A Short Introduction - Google Books (section: "Indiewood")
  30. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781474416832-017/pdf Epilogue: from independent cinema to specialty content - De Gruyter
  31. https://independent-magazine.org/2004/07/01/chaos-below-canal/ Chaos Below Canal|Independent Magazine
  32. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/95624 Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Postclassical Hollywood/postmodern subjectivity: representation in some 'Indie/Alternative' Indiewood films
  33. https://www.dga.org/Craft/DGAQ/All-Articles/1103-Fall-2011/Books-Women-Directors-and-Their-Films.aspx DGA Quarterly Magazine|Fall 2011|Women Directors and Their Films
  34. https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/02/wanyes-world-25th-anniversary-penelope-spheeris-interview How Wayne's World Made—and Broke—It's Director's Career|Vanity Fair
  35. https://mubi.com/specials/joan-micklin-silver MUBI Special: Silver Linings: Films by Joan Micklin Silver|MUBI
  36. https://www.vice.com/en/article/ez8k84/ralph-bakshi-8-minute-video-animation-legend 8-Minute Video Boils Down the Essence of Animation Legend Ralph Bakshi - VICE
  37. https://criterioncast.com/news/july-2022-programming-on-the-criterion-channel-announced July 2022 Programming on the Criterion Channel Annonuced - CriterionCast.com
  38. https://justmakeanimation.com/a-celebration-of-the-life-and-work-of-will-vinton/ A celebration of Will Vinton|Just Make Animation
  39. https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2018/10/will_vinton_oscar_winner_and_p.html Will Vinton, Oscar winner and pioneering Portland animator, dies at 70 - oregonlive.com
  40. https://books.google.com/books?id=oGmCDwAAQBAJ Directing Animation - Google Books (ch.4: "Directing Animation for Indie Films)
  41. https://www.skwigly.co.uk/independent-animation-second-edition/ Second Edition of the Skwigly book ‘Independent Animation’ out now - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  42. https://www.oscars.org/events/icons-animation-art-illustration ICONS OF ANIMATION - THE ART OF ILLUSTRATION|Oscars.org
  43. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122279607987790977 Indie Animation - WSJ
  44. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/keep-it-motion-classic-animation-revisited-george-griffin-s-head Keep it in Motion: Classic Animation Revisited – George Griffin’s 'Head'|Animation World Network
  45. https://www.awn.com/news/academy-present-women-indie-animation-september-21 The Academy To Present ‘Women in Indie Animation’ September 21|Animation World Network
  46. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/keep-it-motion-classic-animation-revisited-red-book Keep it in Motion - Classic Animation Revisited: 'The Red Book'|Animation World Network
  47. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/fred-mogubgub-4468.html Films by Fred Mogubgub|Cartoon Brew
  48. https://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.2/3.2pages/3.2chimovitznyc.html Declaration Of Independents Independent Animation is Alive and Well in New York by Melissa Chimovitz - AWN.com
  49. https://www.indiewire.com/2020/07/animation-outlaws-spike-mike-indie-shorts-1234574728/ Animation Outlaws: Spike & Mike Turned Indie Shorts Into a Phenomenom|IndieWire
  50. https://movieweb.com/miranda-july-movies/ Miranda July: The Quiet Power of Her Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  51. https://books.google.com/books?id=kRqrBgAAQBAJ Post-Classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945 - Google Books (pg.237)
  52. https://www.undergroundfilmjournal.com/tag/john-waters/ John Waters|Underground Film Journal
  53. https://www.indiewire.com/2019/05/alex-ross-perry-avengers-endgame-oscar-best-picture-1202130965/ Alex Ross Perry: 'Avengers: Endgame' Deserves Oscar for Best Picture|IndieWire
  54. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-home-theater-midnight-special-20160614-snap-htmlstory.html 'Midnight Special,' 'Fantastic Planet' and more home theater releases out this week - Los Angeles Times
  55. https://www.indiewire.com/2000/04/cannes-2000-embracing-indiewood-cannes-2000-lineup-selected-from-nearly-1400-films-15-countries-81674/ CANNES 2000: Embracing Indiewood, Cannes 2000 Lineup Selected from Nearly 1,400 Films; 15 Countries|IndieWire
  56. https://www.wired.com/2015/07/mark-jay-duplass/ How an Unlikely Hollywood Juggernaut Came to Rule Netflix|WIRED
  57. https://www.indiewire.com/2011/06/father-figurine-mike-millss-beginners-224725/ Father Figurine: Mike Mills's "Beginners"|IndieWire
  58. https://www.indiewire.com/2005/11/pride-prejudice-capote-brokeback-mountain-and-more-and-why-audiences-matter-77649/ "Pride & Prejudice," "Capote," "Brokeback Mountain" (and more), and Why Audiences Matter|IndieWire
  59. https://trailersfromhell.com/house-bamboo/ House of Bamboo - Trailers From Hell
  60. https://www.highdefwatch.com/post/calling-all-samuel-fuller-fans-you-need-a-copy-of-forty-guns Calling all Samuel Fuller fans: You need a copy of “Forty Guns”|High-Def Watch
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  62. https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/freaky-friday-film-society-lincoln-center-2014/ Classic Thrills & Late-Night Chills on Tap for 'Freaky Fridays' at the Film Society - Film at Lincoln Center
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  65. https://hypebae.com/2017/5/sofia-coppola-best-director-cannes-2017-the-beguiled Sofia Coppola Wins Best Director at 2017 Cannes|Hypebae
  66. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/inside-indiewood/ Inside Indiewood|The Nation
  67. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2020/10-great-1980s-indie-movies-you-may-have-never-seen/2/ 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
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  75. https://www.flavorwire.com/405471/the-25-essential-american-indie-films-1988-2013 The 25 Essential American Indie Films, 1988-2013 - Flavorwire
  76. https://academic.oup.com/book/25732/chapter-abstract/193242314?redirectedFrom=fulltext Indiewood and Improvisation|Robert Altman's Soundtracks: Film, Music, and Sound from M*A*S*H to A Prairie Home Companion|Oxford Academic
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  78. https://archive.nytimes.com/carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/30/juno-laid-low-by-success/ 'Juno' Laid Low by Success - The New York Times
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  81. https://www.avclub.com/the-52-most-important-american-independent-movies-1842597128 The 52 most important American independent movies|The A.V. Club
  82. https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-lists/declaration-of-independents-the-30-greatest-american-indie-films-19373/ Great U.S. Indie Films: 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre' to 'Pulp Fiction' - Rolling Stone
  83. https://www.ign.com/articles/best-independent-indie-movies-cinefix-list The Top 10 Indie Movies of All Time | A Cinefix Movie List - IGN
  84. https://movieweb.com/50s-horror-movies-underrated/ Underrated Horror Movies of the 1950s, Ranked - MovieWeb
  85. https://animationobsessive.substack.com/p/when-indie-animation-won-its-first When Indie Animation Won Its First Oscar|Animation Obsessive
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  143. https://www.avclub.com/tom-waits-and-john-lurie-helped-jim-jarmusch-perfect-hi-1842921299 Tom Waits and John Lurie helped Jim Jarmusch perfect his indie cool|A.V. Club
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  220. https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2006-09-29-giants-story.html Fusion of faith and football fails in 'Giants' - Orlando Sentinel
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  223. https://www.salon.com/2006/12/28/best_indies_2/ Hurray for Indiewood!|Salon.com
  224. https://thatshelf.com/away-we-go-with-the-films-of-sam-mendes/ Away We Go with the Films of Sam Mendes - That Shelf
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  227. https://www.indiewire.com/2008/01/iw-bot-the-golden-child-juno-makes-fox-searchlight-the-2007-market-share-leader-lures-young-ad-73272/ iW BOT | The Golden Child: "Juno" Makes Fox Searchlight the 2007 Market-Share Leader, Lures Young Ad|Indiewire
  228. http://archive.pov.org/blog/docsoup/2008/01/doc_soup_the_sundance_cycle_1/ Doc Soup: The Sundance Cycle|Doc Soup|POV Blog|PBS
  229. https://www.salon.com/2008/01/03/sayles/ Beyond the Multiplex|Salon.com
  230. https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/former-teen-idol-stars-in-religious-fireproof-2008s-highest-grossing-in/ Former teen idol stars in religious 'Fireproof,' 2008's highest-grossing indie film - Santa Rosa Press Democrat
  231. https://www.indiewire.com/2015/11/9-essential-animated-indie-movies-52084/ 9 Essential Animated Indie Movies|IndieWire
  232. https://www.zippyframes.com/news/sita-sings-the-blue Sita Sings the blues|Zippy Frames
  233. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/newm14464 Indie: An American Film Culture on JSTOR
  234. https://academic.oup.com/edinburgh-scholarship-online/book/42563/chapter-abstract/357173056?redirectedFrom=fulltext On the Borders: Children's Horror and Indiewood Animation|Contemporary Hollywood Animation: Style, Storytelling, Culture and Ideology Since the 1990s|Oxford Academic (Pages 144–177)
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  236. https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2010/01/21/its_hollywood_vs_indiewood_at_sundance_2010.html It's Hollywood vs. Indiewood at Sundance 2010|The Star
  237. https://www.tasteofcinema.com/2013/10-great-indie-movies-you-may-have-missed/ 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Taste of Cinema
  238. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118758359.ch14 Rural Crimewave - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  239. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2012-jun-03-la-ca-indie-focus-20120603-story.html Indie Focus: 'The Color Wheel' finally rolls into theaters - Los Angeles Times
  240. https://www.firstshowing.net/2011/focus-features-sets-indie-pariah-for-christmas-day-limited-release/ Focus Features Sets Indie 'Pariah' for Christmas Day Limited Release|FirstShowing.net
  241. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-68321 Pariah Wins Acceptance In Indie Film World - Wall Street Journal
  242. https://yourislandnews.com/the-indie-film-corner-take-shelter/ The Indie Film Corner: 'Take Shelter' - The Island News
  243. https://www.indiewire.com/2011/09/review-take-shelter-a-naturalistic-novelistic-portrayal-of-madness-apocalypse-116075/ Review: 'Take Shelter' A Naturalistic, Novelistic Portrayal Of Madness & Apocalypse|IndieWire
  244. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/most-viewed-indie-animated-shorts-on-youtube Top 50 Most-Viewed Indie Animated Shorts On Youtube|Cartoon Brew
  245. https://www.zippyframes.com/shorts/fresh-guacamole-by-pes-the-shortest-film-ever-nominated-for-an-oscar Fresh Guacamole by PES: The shortest film ever nominated for an Oscar|Zippy Frames
  246. https://www.zippyframes.com/feature-animation/reviews/its-such-a-beautiful-day-review-mind-your-head It's Such a Beautiful Day review: Mind your head|Zippy Frames
  247. https://www.essence.com/news/5-reasons-check-out-indie-film-middle-nowhere/ 5 Reasons to Check Out the Indie Film 'Middle of Nowhere' - Essence
  248. https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/movies_tv/article_87cdffe2-21cb-5fc8-9534-394ccb4acb18.html 'Middle of Nowhere' review: Quiet indie drama offers a look at a woman in limbo|Movies/TV|nola.com
  249. https://www.salon.com/2012/10/11/will_whites_see_a_black_indie_film_like_middle_of_nowhere/ Will whites see a black indie film like "Middle of Nowhere"?|Salon.com
  250. https://www.sundanceguide.net/sundance-festival-guide/history-of-the-sundance-film-festival/part-8.php History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 8) - Sundance Film Festival
  251. https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2015/01/15/viewpoint-victory-indiewood-oscars/ Viewpoint: Victory for 'indiewood' at the Oscars?
  252. https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/movies_tv/listen-up-philip-movie-review-uneven-dramatic-comedy-gives-jason-schwartzman-a-role-to-sink/article_339c075e-9edf-522d-bddb-72190334225b.html 'Listen Up Philip' movie review: Uneven dramatic comedy gives Jason Schwartzman a role to sink his teeth into|Movies/TV|nola.com
  253. https://www.oscars.org/calendar/lights-camera-action-production-biographies LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION! PRODUCTION: BIOGRAPHIES|Oscars.org
  254. https://ew.com/movies/sean-baker-tangerine-best-unconventional-christmas-movie/ Why Tangerine is the best Christmas movie that's not really about Christmas|EW.com
  255. https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sight-sound-magazine/best-animation-2015 The best indie animation of 2015|Sight & Sound|BFI
  256. https://playback.wisc.edu/2018/03/16/simon-says-the-marketing-of-a-mass-released-lgbtq-film/ Simon Says: The Marketing of a Mass-Released LGBTQ Film - Playback
  257. https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2020/01/14/academy-award-nominations-2020-the-return-of-the-quality-hollywood-studio-film/ Academy Award nominations 2020: The return of the "quality" Hollywood studio film - News - University of Liverpool
  258. https://ew.com/movies/best-a24-films/ The best A24 films to date|EW.com
  259. https://brocku.ca/social-sciences/cpcf/brock-university-film-series/bufs-behind-the-scenes/ BUFS Behind-the-Scenes – Brock University (Communication, Popular Culture and Film)
  260. https://movieweb.com/what-is-an-independent-film/ Indie Movies, Explained: What is an Independent Film? - MovieWeb
  261. https://www.thewrap.com/i-tonya-indie-box-office-star-wars/ 'I, Tonya', Other Awards Contenders Keep Indie Box Office Alive Against 'Star Wars'|The Wrap
  262. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-indie-focus-the-shape-of-water-i-tonya-foxtrot-bombshell-20171209-story.html Indie Focus: Outsiders abound in 'The Shape of Water', 'I, Tonya', 'Foxtrot' and 'Bombshell' - Los Angeles Times
  263. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/the-rider-trailer-release-date-movie-western-chloe-zhao-brady-jandreau-a8494211.html The Rider: Exclusive trailer for new western hailed best indie of the year|The Independent
  264. https://agoodmovietowatch.com/best-indie/ The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  265. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/reviews/article-cryptozoo-is-animated-chaos-for-the-indie-film-crowd/ Cryptozoo is animated chaos for the indie-film crowd - The Globe and Mail
  266. https://www.pressherald.com/2021/08/23/indie-film-15/ Indie Film: Fantastical creatures populate the what-if world of 'Cryptozoo' - Portland Press Herald
  267. https://www.zippyframes.com/feature-animation/reviews/cryptozoo-review 'Cryptozoo' Film Review: My Cryptid and Other Animals|Zippy Frames
  268. https://www.criticsnotebook.com/2021/06/i-carry-you-with-me-te-llevo-conmigo-movie-review-heidi-ewing.html Over the Borderline - Critic's Notebook
  269. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/newsletter/2021-02-19/nomadland-i-care-a-lot-supernova-indie-focus Indie Focus: On the road with Frances McDormand in ‘Nomadland’ - Los Angeles Times
  270. https://www.avclub.com/an-atypical-sundance-opens-with-typical-indie-drama-and-1846162629 Sundance 2021: Coda, One For The Road, and Censor|AV Club
  271. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/awards/story/2021-12-15/clifton-collins-jockey How real-world magic graces the making of Clifton Collins Jr.’s ‘Jockey’ - Los Angeles Times
  272. https://www.sunjournal.com/events-calendar/#!/details/Indie-Film-Series-Summer-of-Soul/9271246/2021-08-25T17 Indie Film Series: Summer of Soul - Sun Journal Events
  273. https://frontporchne.com/article/indie-prof-the-rescue-and-summer-of-soul/ Indie Prof: "The Rescue" and "Summer of Soul"|Front Porch
  274. https://deadline.com/2022/04/everything-everywhere-all-once-box-office-milestone-arthouse-indie-cinema-1235007713/ 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Crosses $20M, Reignites Indie Cinema. - Deadline
  275. https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/a24-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-box-office-1235255460/ A24's 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Hits Box Office Milestone - Variety
  276. https://deadline.com/2022/12/box-office-independent-film-specialty-preview-spoiler-alert-the-eternal-daughter-lowndes-county-last-film-show-emancipation-anne-heche-1235187561/ Indie Film Crush, Ahead Of 'Avatar' & Year End, Puts Arthouse Woes On Back Burner – Specialty Preview - Deadline
  277. https://defector.com/indie-cinema-is-now-genre-cinema Indie Cinema Is Now Genre Cinema|Defactor
  278. https://deadline.com/2022/07/a24-marcel-the-shell-with-shoes-on-specialty-box-office-2-1235061104/ A24 Has Another Indie Hit, As 'Marcel The Shell' Slides Into Top 10 – Specialty Box Office - Deadline
  279. https://www.thewrap.com/marcel-the-shell-with-shoes-on-dean-fleischer-camp-interview/ 'Marcel the Shell With Shoes On' Director Explains What It Took to Pull Off One of the Year's Most Charming Movies|The Wrap
  280. https://www.hollywoodinsider.com/50th-annie-awards-2023/ Guillermo del Toro's 'Pinocchio' and 'Turning Red' Lead the Nominations for the 50th Annie Awards 2023 - Hollywood Insider
  281. https://www.avclub.com/a-brief-history-of-adult-animation-1850067524 A brief, and somewhat shocking, history of adult animation|The A.V. Club
  282. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/know-your-indie-filmmaker/know-your-indie-filmmaker-sara-gunnarsdottir-227855.html Know Your Indie Filmmaker: Sara Gunnarsdóttir|Cartoon Brew
  283. https://www.awn.com/blog/look-my-year-dicks A Look at ‘My Year of Dicks’|Animation World Network
  284. https://variety.com/2023/film/news/the-whale-box-office-crosses-10-million-brendan-fraser-hit-1235488798/ The Whale Crosses $10 Million at Box Office, Brendan Fraser Hit - Variety
  285. https://www.indiewire.com/features/commentary/2023-documentary-films-1234935147/ In 2023, Golden Age of Documentary Films Seemed Like Distant Memory - IndieWire
  286. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYBU8QmeBTY&t=319s 2023 in Film: Barbie triumphs, Marvel loses steam | The Excerpt - USA Today on YouTube

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