Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces explained

The Armed Forces of India are eligible for many military decorations awarded for extraordinary bravery and distinguished service during times of war and peace. Service and campaign medals have been awarded throughout India's history as an independent state.

Post-nominal letters for wartime gallantry decorations were approved when those decorations were created in 1950. Until 27 January 1967, when they received their present names, the two lower peacetime gallantry decorations and the two higher peacetime distinguished service medals were respectively distinct classes of the Ashoka Chakra and the Vishisht Seva Medal.[1] Post-nominals for peacetime gallantry, peacetime distinguished service and branch distinguished service awards were approved in August 1967.[2]

Military medals

Decorations for precedence:

Wartime gallantry awards
Peacetime gallantry awards
Wartime distinguished service medals
Peacetime distinguished service medals
Branch distinguished service medals

Mention in Dispatches

Mention in Dispatches has been used since 1947, in order to recognize distinguished and meritorious service in operational areas and acts of gallantry which are not of a sufficiently high order to warrant the grant of gallantry awards.[3]

Eligible personnel include all Army, Navy and Air Force personnel including personnel of the Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, Militia and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces, members of the Nursing Service and Civilians working under or with the Armed Forces.[3]

Personnel can be mentioned in dispatches posthumously and multiple awards are also possible. A recipient of a Mention in a Despatch is entitled to wear an emblem, in the form of a lotus leaf on the ribbon of the relevant Campaign Medal. They are also issued with an official certificate from the Ministry of Defence.[3]

Commendation Card

See main article: Commendation Card (Indian Army). All three branches of the military issue Commendation Cards, which are badges awarded for "individual acts of gallantry or distinguished service or devotion to duty performed either in operation or non-operational areas. It is a type of gallantry award. The award will be for a specific act of bravery or distinguished service or special service. The award will not be made posthumously."

All three branches issue Commendations Cards at the level of the highest officer (Chief of the Army Staff, Chief of the Naval Staff and Chief of the Air Staff). Additionally, Chief of Defence Staff also issues the Commendation Cards. The awards at lower levels seem to vary between services.[4] [5] [6]

Order of wearing

The various decorations and medals are worn in the following order:[7] [8]

PrecedenceAward NameRibbon
1Bharat Ratna
2Param Vir Chakra
3Ashoka Chakra
4Padma Vibhushan
5Padma Bhushan
6Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal
7Param Vishisht Seva Medal
8Maha Vir Chakra
9Kirti Chakra
10Padma Shri
11Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak
12Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
13Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
14Vir Chakra
15Shaurya Chakra
16Yudh Seva Medal
17Sena Medal (for army personnel)
Nau Sena Medal (for navy personnel)
Vayu Sena Medal (for air force personnel)
18Vishisht Seva Medal
19Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak
20Wound Medal
21General Service Medal
22Samanya Seva Medal
23Special Service Medal
24Samar Seva Star
25Poorvi Star
26Paschimi Star
27Operation Vijay Star
28Siachen Glacier Medal
29Raksha Medal
30Sangram Medal
31Operation Vijay Medal
32Operation Parakram Medal
33Sainya Seva Medal
34High Altitude Medal
35Videsh Seva Medal
36Meritorious Service Medal
37Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
38Jeevan Raksha Padak
39Territorial Army Decoration
40Territorial Army Medal
41Indian Independence Medal
4275th Independence Anniversary Medal
4350th Independence Anniversary Medal
4425th Independence Anniversary Medal
4430 Years Long Service Medal
4620 Years Long Service Medal
479 Years Long Service Medal
48Commonwealth Awards
49United Nations Medal
50Other Awards

Note that the Police Medals, Fire Services Medals, Correctional Services Medals, Home Guards and Civil Defence Medals, and Tatrakshak Medals are excluded from the above list.The above order of precedence of awards is as per the Indian Army. There are slight variations, especially in the campaign medals, in the order followed by the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force.

Wearing medals by the next of kins

An order issued on 11 July 2019 by the Indian Army's "Ceremonial and Welfare Adjutant General's Branch" made it permissible for the close relatives of the deceased military personnel to wear their medals on the right side of chest while attending homage ceremonies at war memorials, cemeteries and funerals. These gallantry or service awards of deceased can be worn by their family members, such as spouses, children, parents, forefathers while wearing civil clothes.[9]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ashoka Chakra and Vishisht Seva Medals Renamed. Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 27 January 1967. 16 August 2024.
  2. Web site: Press Note. Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 19 August 1967. 11 August 2024.
  3. Web site: Mention in Dispatches. Indian Army. 5 October 2014. 17 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141217032726/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=bKaNf3MCcXHk7Y+tjh7A4Q

    &ParentID=dmws5VbQfmdTjOOneXni7g

    . live.
  4. http://indianarmy.nic.in/writereaddata/documents/new_pattern.pdf NEW PATTERN COAS COMMENDATION BADGES & ARMY COMMENDATION BADGES
  5. Web site: The Official Home Page of the Indian Army. 2014-10-05. 2016-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022847/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=wLfooJIOdvBCn377nuEo1g

    &ParentID=dSwRF/26P+lLTvHo/Cyg4Q

    . live.
  6. Web site: Army's New Norms for Commendation Badges - Livefist. 13 August 2009. 5 October 2014. 4 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220749/https://www.livefistdefence.com/2009/08/armys-new-norms-for-commendation-badges.html. live.
  7. Web site: Precedence Of Medals. Official Website of the Indian Army. Indian Army. 19 February 2017. 25 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220625100658/https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=Xfk5pOch2oQ8N9kHlAYr3w

    &ParentID=NhXKgiHC4HkdoULMqEGj1g

    &flag=P3tMeK52nkUIfCaYYNJnYA

    . live.
  8. Web site: Order of Precedence Indian Navy. Official Website of the Indian Navy. 25 December 2016. 26 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161226061002/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/order-precedence. live.
  9. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/army-medals-family-next-of-kin-late-exservicemen-homage-ceremonies-1572768-2019-07-23 Indian Army allows next of kin to wear medals of late ex-servicemen during homage ceremonies