| Country: | India |
| Type: | Parliamentary |
| Previous Election: | 1977 Indian general election |
| Previous Year: | 1977 |
| Next Election: | 1984 Indian general election |
| Next Year: | 1984 |
| Election Date: | 3 and 6 January 1980 |
| Seats For Election: | 529 of the 531 seats in the Lok Sabha |
| Majority Seats: | 265 |
| Registered: | 356,205,329 |
| Turnout: | 56.92% (5.55pp) |
| Leader1: | Indira Gandhi |
| Party1: | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| Last Election1: | 34.52%, 154 seats |
| Seats1: | 353 |
| Seat Change1: | 199 |
| Popular Vote1: | 84,455,313 |
| Percentage1: | 42.69% |
| Swing1: | 8.17pp |
| Leader2: | Charan Singh |
| Party2: | Janata Party (Secular) |
| Last Election2: | – |
| Seats2: | 41 |
| Seat Change2: | New |
| Popular Vote2: | 18,574,696 |
| Percentage2: | 9.39% |
| Swing2: | New |
| Leader3: | E. M. S. Namboodiripad |
| Party3: | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| Last Election3: | 4.29%, 22 seats |
| Seats3: | 37 |
| Seat Change3: | 15 |
| Popular Vote3: | 12,352,331 |
| Percentage3: | 6.24% |
| Swing3: | 1.95pp |
| Leader4: | Jagjivan Ram |
| Party4: | Janata Party |
| Last Election4: | 41.32%, 295 seats |
| Seats4: | 31 |
| Seat Change4: | 264 |
| Popular Vote4: | 37,530,228 |
| Percentage4: | 18.97% |
| Swing4: | 22.35pp |
| Leader6: | A. K. Antony |
| Party6: | Indian National Congress (U) |
| Last Election6: | New |
| Seats6: | 13 |
| Seat Change6: | New |
| Popular Vote6: | 10,449,859 |
| Percentage6: | 5.28% |
| Swing6: | New |
| Prime Minister | |
| Posttitle: | Prime Minister after election |
| Before Election: | Charan Singh |
| Before Party: | Janata Party (Secular) |
| After Election: | Indira Gandhi |
| After Party: | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| Outgoing Members: | List of members of the 6th Lok Sabha |
| Elected Members: | List of members of the 7th Lok Sabha |
| Alliance1: | INC (I)+ |
| Alliance3: | LF |
| Alliance4: | JP+ |
General elections were held in India on 3 and 6 January 1980 to elect the members of the 7th Lok Sabha. The Janata Party alliance came into power in the 1977 general elections amidst public anger with the Indian National Congress (R) and the Emergency. However, its position was weak; the loose coalition barely held on to a majority with only 295 seats in the Lok Sabha and never quite had a firm grip on power. Bharatiya Lok Dal leaders Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram, who had quit the Congress, were members of the Janata alliance but were at loggerheads with Prime Minister Morarji Desai.
The Janata Party, an amalgam of socialists and Hindu nationalists, split in 1979 when several coalition members including the Bharatiya Lok Dal of Charan Singh and several members of the Socialist Party withdrew support for the government. Subsequently, Desai lost a vote of confidence in parliament and resigned. Charan Singh, who had retained some partners of the Janata alliance, was sworn in as prime minister in June 1979. The Indian National Congress (Indira), which succeeded the Indian National Congress (Requisition) from 1978 promised to support Singh in parliament but later backed out just two days before the Government was scheduled to prove its majority on the floor of Lok Sabha. Charan Singh, forced to resign, called for elections in January 1980 and is the only Prime Minister of India never to have obtained the confidence of Parliament. In the run up to the general elections, Indira Gandhi's leadership faced a formidable political challenge from a galaxy of regional satraps and prominent leaders of Janata party like Satyendra Narayan Sinha and Karpuri Thakur in Bihar, Ramakrishna Hegde in Karnataka, Sharad Pawar in Maharashtra, Devi Lal in Haryana & Biju Patnaik in Orissa. Janata Party contested the election with Jagjivan Ram as its prime ministerial candidate.[1] [2] However, internal feud between Janata Party leaders and the political instability in the country worked in favour of Indira Gandhi's Congress (I), that reminded voters of the strong government of Indira Gandhi during campaigning.
In the ensuing elections, the INC(I) won 353 seats and the Janata Party just 31 seats, with Charan Singh's Janata Party (Secular) taking 41. The Janata Party alliance continued to split over the subsequent years.