Indian blackbird explained

The Indian blackbird (Turdus simillimus) is a member of the thrush family Turdidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the common blackbird. It is found only in India and Sri Lanka. The subspecies from most of the Indian subcontinent, simillimus, nigropileus, bourdilloni and spencei, are small, only 19– long, and have broad eye-rings. They also differ in proportions, wing formula, egg colour and voice from the common blackbird.^{[1] [2]}

Subspecies

• The Nilgiri blackbird (T. s. simillimus) is resident up to 2,000 metres in the Western Ghats from Biligirirangans and Nilgiris till about Nelliampathies where it integrates with Bourdillon's blackbird.
• The black-capped blackbird (T. s. nigropileus) is resident up to about 1820m (5,970feet) in the Western Ghats of western India and the northern and central parts of the Western Ghats. Some populations migrate further south in winter. The male is brownish slate-grey with a dark cap, and the female is mid-brown, paler below.^[3] It is small with a relatively broad yellow eye-ring.^[1]
• Spence's blackbird (T. s. spencei), named for William Spence, British entomologist, is very similar to nigropileus, but has a less distinct cap. It is resident in the Eastern Ghats of India.^[4] It is of dubious validity, and is often included in nigropileus with which it is said to integrate in the Nallamala Hills.^{[1] [5]}
• Bourdillon's blackbird (T. s. bourdilloni), named for Thomas Fulton Bourdillon, Conservator of Forests in the then princely state of Travancore, is a common resident of the hills above 900m (3,000feet) in southern Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It resembles simillimus and intergrades with it in the Palni Hills,^[5] but the male is uniform slate brown.^[1]
• Kinnis' blackbird (T. s. kinnisii), named for John Kinnis, medical superintendent to the British military forces in Ceylon, is endemic to montane forests of Sri Lanka. Main breeding season is known to starts March to April and probably again from August to September as well.

Notes and References

1. Collar, N. J. (2005). Indian Blackbird (Turdus simillimus). p. 646 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Christie, D. A. eds. (2005) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
2. Book: Rasmussen, P. C.. J. C. Anderton. amp. 2005. Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. 978-84-87334-67-2. 364.
3. Book: Grimmett, Richard . Inskipp, Carol. Inskipp, Tim. Pocket Guide to Birds of the Indian Subcontinent . Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd. . 2002. London . 978-0-7136-6304-4. p222–228
4. Book: Clement, Peter . Thrushes (Helm Identification Guides) . Hathway, Ren. Wilczur, Jan . Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd.. 2000 . 978-0-7136-3940-7.
5. Sidney Dillon Ripley . Sidney Dillon . Ripley . 1950. Notes on Turdus merula in South India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.. 49. 1. 50–51.