| Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced | |
| Acronym: | JEE-Advanced (formerly IIT-JEE) |
| Type: | Computer based test (CBT) |
| Test Admin: |
|
| Purpose: | Admission to undergraduate Engineering, Science and Architecture courses in 23 IITs |
| Skills Tested: |
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| Duration: | 2 Papers of 3 hours each; Total 6 hours a day |
| Offered: | Once a year |
| Attempt Restriction: | Maximum two attempts in consecutive years |
| Test Takers: | 180,200 (2024)[1] |
| Qualification Rate: | 26.77% out of which who wrote JEE-Advanced after qualifying JEE-Main |
| Fee: |
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| Prerequisite: | Candidates should be among the top 2,50,000 successful candidates (including all categories) in B.E./B.Tech. paper of JEE (Main).The percentages of various categories of candidates to be shortlisted are: 10% for GEN-EWS, 27% for OBC-NCL, 15% for SC, 7.5% for ST, and the remaining 40.5% is open for all. Within each of these five categories, 5% horizontal reservation is available for PwD candidates. (as of 2024) |
Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced (JEE-Advanced) (formerly the Indian Institute of Technology – Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE)), is an academic examination held annually in India that tests the skills and knowledge of the applicants in physics, chemistry and mathematics. It is organised by one of the seven zonal IITs: IIT Roorkee, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, and IIT Guwahati, under the guidance of the Joint Admission Board (JAB) on a round-robin rotation pattern for the qualifying candidates of the JEE-Main (exempted for Foreign Candidates). It used to be the sole prerequisite for admission to the Indian Institutes of Technology bachelor's programs before the introduction of UCEED,[2] Online B.S.[3] and Olympiad entries,[4] but seats through these new media are very low.[5]
Other universities, such as the Marine Engineering and Research Institute or, Indian Maritime University (IMU), Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology,and the Indian Institute of Space Technology (IIST), use the score obtained in the JEE-Advanced exam as the sole basis for admission. The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) also uses the score obtained in the JEE-Advanced exam as one of the basis for admission. The JEE-Advanced score is also used as a possible basis for admission by Indian applicants to non-Indian universities such as the University of Cambridge and the National University of Singapore.[6] [7]
It has been consistently ranked as one of the toughest exams in the world.[8] [9] High school students from across India typically prepare for several years to take this exam, and most of them attending coaching institutes. The combination of its high difficulty level and low acceptance rate exerts immense pressure on aspirants, making success in this exam a highly sought-after achievement. In a 2018 interview, former IIT Delhi director V. Ramgopal Rao, famously said that the exam is "tricky and difficult" because it is framed to "reject candidates, not to select them".[10] In 2023, out of the 180,372 candidates who took the exam, 43,773 candidates qualified (36,900 males and 8,000 females).[11]
The first institute among IITs, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, started in 1951. In its initial years before 1961, students were admitted based on their academic results, followed by an interview in several locations across the country. From 1955 to 1960, admissions for the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur were conducted via a national examination. Academic disciplines were allotted to the students via interviews and counselling sessions held at Kharagpur.
The IIT-JEE was first conducted in 1961 as Common Entrance Exam (CEE), coinciding with the 1961 IIT Act.[12]
In 1978, the English paper was not considered when ranking participants' performance in the examination. In 1998, the English test was discontinued.
In 1997, the IIT-JEE was conducted twice after the question paper was leaked in some locations.
Between 2000 and 2005, an additional screening test was used alongside the main examination, intended to reduce pressure on the main examination by allowing only about 20,000 top candidates to appear for the examination, out of more than 450,000 applicants.
In 2002, an additional exam called the AIEEE was introduced, and it was used for admissions to many institutions of national importance other than the IITs.
In June 2005, The Hindu newspaper led a campaign for reforming the IIT-JEE to eradicate the "coaching mania" and to improve gender and socio-economic diversity.[13] [14] [15] Two possible solutions were proposed - either a convergence between the screening test and the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), or a two-tier examination. Whereas ranks from the first tier can be used to gain admission to the NITs and other engineering colleges in the country.
In September 2005, the group of directors of all the IITs announced significant revisions to the examination. These were implemented from 2006 onward.[16] The revised examination consisted of a single objective test, replacing and abolishing the earlier two-test system with screener. In the revised examination, to be eligible for taking it, candidates in the general category had to obtain at least 60% aggregate marks in the 12th-grade examinations organized by various educational boards of India, while candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Persons With Disabilities (PwD) categories needed a minimum score of 55%.
In 2008, the director and the dean of IIT Madras proposed further revisions to the examination, arguing that the coaching institutes were "enabling many among the less-than-best students to crack the test and keeping girls from qualifying". They expressed concern that the present system did not allow for applicants' 12 years of schooling to have a bearing on admissions into IIT.[17]
In 2008, the Indian Institutes of Technology began offering their admission tests in Dubai.[18] Annually, the number of candidates for the examination in Dubai varies between 200 and 220.[19]
In 2013, the AIEEE was renamed JEE-Main, and IIT-JEE was renamed JEE-Advanced; the JEE-Main had become the screening exam for JEE-Advanced.
The two-tier reform suggested in 2005 may become a reality as the Indian government has announced plans for a single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018, with students aspiring for the IITs having to pass the nationwide standardized engineering entrance exam JEE-Main with high marks, and then take the JEE-Advanced to qualify for the IITs.[20] In 2018, the JEE-Advanced exam started being conducted online.
Minimum percentage of marks prescribed for inclusion in the rank list[21]
| Category | Minimum percentageof marks in each subject | Minimum percentageof aggregate marks | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common rank list (CRL) | 10.0 | 35.0 | |
| OBC-NCL/GEN-EWS | 9.0 | 31.5 | |
| ST/SC/PWD | 5.0 | 17.5 | |
| Preparatory coursefor SC/ST/PWD | 2.5 | 8.75 |
Minimum percentage of aggregate/subject marks may be lowered subsequently considering the toughness of the paper and the need of students.
For example: Minimum percentage of marks prescribed for inclusion in the rank list in 2022[22]
| Common rank list (CRL) | 4.17 | 15.28 | |
| OBC-NCL/GEN-EWS | 4.17 | 13.89 | |
| ST/SC/PWD | 2.50 | 7.78 | |
| Preparatory coursefor SC/ST/PWD | 0.83 | 3.89 |
| Year[23] | Registered | Appeared | Qualified | %Qualified | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961[24] | 19,500 | - | - | - | |
| 1978 | 29,477 | - | - | - | |
| 1988 | 72,298 | - | - | - | |
| 1990 | 79,559 | - | - | - | |
| 1995 | 92,893 | - | - | - | |
| 1997 | 91,279 | - | - | - | |
| 1998 | 95,419 | - | - | - | |
| 1999 | 112,347 | - | - | - | |
| 2000 | 128,624 | - | - | - | |
| 2001 | 147,775 | - | - | - | |
| 2002 | 178,043 | - | - | - | |
| 2003 | 178,940 | - | - | - | |
| 2004 | 175,355 | - | - | - | |
| 2005 | 198,059 | - | - | - | |
| 2006 | 299,087 | - | - | - | |
| 2007 | 251,803 | 243,029 | 7,200 | 2.96 | |
| 2008 | 321,653 | 311,258 | 8,652 | 2.77 | |
| 2009 | 398,264 | 384,977 | 10,035 | 2.60 | |
| 2010 | 473,982 | 455,571 | 13,104 | 2.87 | |
| 2011 | 485,136 | 468,280 | 13,196 | 2.81 | |
| 2012 | 506,484 | 479,651 | 24,112 | 5.02 | |
| 2013 | 126,749 | 115,971 | 20,834 | 17.96 | |
| 2014 | 126,995 | 119,580 | 27,152 | 22.70 | |
| 2015 | 124,741 | 117,238 | 26,354 | 22.47 | |
| 2016 | 155,797 | 147,678 | 36,566 | 24.76 | |
| 2017 | 171,814 | 159,540 | 51,040[25] | 31.99 | |
| 2018 | 165,656 | 155,158 | 31,988 | 20.62 | |
| 2019 | 174,432 | 161,319 | 38,705 | 23.99 | |
| 2020 | 160,838 | 150,838 | 43,204 | 28.64 | |
| 2021 | 151,193 | 141,699 | 41,862 | 29.54 | |
| 2022 | 160,038 | 155,538 | 40,712 | 26.17 | |
| 2023 | 189,744 | 180,372 | 43,773 | 24.26 | |
| 2024[26] | 186,584 | 180,200 | 48,248 | 26.77 |
The JEE – Advanced exam is conducted by the various Indian institutes of technology on a rotating basis. This list shows the organizers of the exam in recent years.
| Year | Organizer | |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | IIT Kharagpur |
| 2007 | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay | IIT Bombay |
| 2008 | Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee | IIT Roorkee |
| 2009 | Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati | IIT Guwahati |
| 2010 | Indian Institute of Technology Madras | IIT Madras |
| 2011 | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur | IIT Kanpur[27] |
| 2012 | Indian Institute of Technology Delhi | IIT Delhi[28] |
| 2013 | Indian Institute of Technology Delhi | IIT Delhi[29] |
| 2014 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | IIT Kharagpur[30] |
| 2015 | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay | IIT Bombay[31] |
| 2016 | Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati | IIT Guwahati[32] |
| 2017 | Indian Institute of Technology Madras | IIT Madras[33] |
| 2018 | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur | IIT Kanpur[34] |
| 2019 | Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee | IIT Roorkee[35] |
| 2020 | Indian Institute of Technology Delhi | IIT Delhi[36] |
| 2021 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | IIT Kharagpur[37] |
| 2022 | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay | IIT Bombay[38] |
| 2023 | Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati | IIT Guwahati[39] |
| 2024 | IIT Madras[40] | |
| 2025 | IIT Kanpur | |
| 2026 | IIT Roorkee | |
| 2027 | IIT Delhi |
JEE(Advanced) is conducted in two shifts of three hours each - Paper-1 and Paper-2, both the papers consist questions from three major subjects- Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Unlike most of the other exams, the type and the number of questions being asked in the paper varies from year to year, with an average of about 36–38 questions asked from each subject across both the shifts, For example, the 2021 JEE-Advanced paper had 38 questions (19 questions in Paper-1 and the next 19 in Paper-2) from each of the three subjects.
Each paper in every subject is divided into 4 sections:
| 1 | 4 single-correct MCQs |
| |
| 2 | 3 question stems with 2 questions per stem (numerical answers with two decimal places) |
| |
| 3 | 6 multi-correct MCQs |
| |
| 4 | 3 fill-in-the-blank questions (answers are non-negative integers) |
|
Some previous year papers also included matrix match type questions instead of single-correct multiple choice questions.[41] [42]
Since the starting of the examination in 1961, the syllabus majorly consists of topics that are taught in Indian High schools, from the curriculum of Class XI and Class XII. These include topics from Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry). A recent change in the syllabus was carried out in November 2021, when a revised syllabus was adopted for the exam, this syllabus has been implemented from 2023 onwards. A brief overview of topics asked is listed below.[43]
Higher Algebra (including certain topics from Linear Algebra), Combinatorics, probability (including topics like conditional probability, Law of total probability, Bayes theorem), Geometry, coordinate system (points and lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas), Trigonometry (including the inverse trigonometric functions), algebraic functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, floor function, fractional part function, signum function, even and odd functions, periodic functions, composite Function, inverse functions, limits, derivative of a function, analysis of continuity and differentiability of a function, derivatives and their applications (tangents and normals to a function, angle between curves, Rolle's theorem, Mean Value Theorem, monotonicity of a function, and maxima and minima of a function), indefinite antiderivative of a function, definite integrals, analysis of area bounded by a curve and its axis, and differential equations.
General Physics, classical Newtonian Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Acoustics (sound and oscillation), Electromagnetism, Electrostatics, Electrodynamics or, Electromagnetism (Both electricity and magnetism) and electromagnetic waves, Modern Physics (radioactivity, Nuclear Physics, elementary Quantum mechanics), Optics (Both geometrical optics and wave optics)
General studies of substance (moles, molarity, redox reactions, etc), atomic structure (with concerned topics of Quantum Mechanics), states of matter, chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics, equilibrium chemistry (both chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium), Electrochemistry, colligative properties, titrations (including acid-base and redox), Surface Science and Nuclear Chemistry.
Periodic properties, bonding in chemicals (including the theories of bonding i.e. Valence bond theory,VSEPR Theory and Molecular orbital theory), coordination compounds and complexes, metallurgy, qualitative inorganic salt analysis, hydrogen, detailed studies of reactions, physical and chemical properties, along with their certain compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens and noble gases, transition elements (including noble metals), actinides, lanthanides, types of reactions and environmental chemistry.
IUPAC nomenclature, General Organic Chemistry (including hybridization, hydrogen bonding, inductive effects, isomerism, resonance, aromaticity, hyperconjugation, mesomerism, carbocations and carbanions, free radical, bond cleavage including heterolysis and homolysis, stereoisomerism including enantiomers and diastereomers), organic reagents, some named reactions, detailed analysis of reaction mechanisms, the compounds and preparation of hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, carbonyl compounds (alcohols, phenols and ethers), aromatic compounds, biomolecules, carbohydrates and polymers, amines, Chemistry in everyday life and practical Organic Chemistry.
The number of students taking the examination increased substantially each year with 506,484 candidates registered for JEE-Advanced- 2012.[45] However, with the two stage JEE-Main + JEE-Advanced structure from 2013,[46] the number of candidates in JEE-Advanced is fixed at 150 thousand students in 2013 and it is increased in subsequent years to 250 thousand as of 2022.[47] The total seats available in each institute (Seat Matrix) is summarized in table below.[48]
| Institute | 2002[49] | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011[50] | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024[51] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IIT Bhilai | ---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ---| ---|--- | 120 | 120 | 127 | 143 | 183 | 183 | 183 | 203 | 243 | 283 | |||||||||
| IIT Bhubaneswar | ---|---|---|120|120|120|120|120|160|180|180|260|350|369|420|475|475|475|476|496|-|IIT Bombay|491|600|574|648|746|880|880|880|880|880|903|903|929|1026|1115|1360|1360|1360|1356|1368|-|IIT Delhi|552|552|553|626|721|851|851|851|851|851|851|851|851|910|1061|1209|1209|1209|1209|1209|-|IIT (ISM) Dhanbad|444|444|658|705|923|1012|1034|1034|1023|962|935|912|912|1007|952|1125|1125|1125|1125|1125|-|IIT Dharwad|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ---| ---|---|120|120|126|137|170|185|310|310|385|-|IIT Gandhinagar|---|---|---|120|120|120|120|120|140|150|150|180|180|194|212|250|250|288|370|400|-|IIT Goa|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ---|---|---|90|90|97|150|157|157|157|157|157|-|IIT Guwahati|250|350|365|435|498|588|615|615|660|660|660|615|645|702|795|902|922|952|952|962|-|IIT Hyderabad|---| ---|---|120|120|120|140|140|210|220|220|240|285|294|317|425|470|505|595|595|-| Indian Institute of Technology Indore |IIT Indore|---|---|---|---|120|120|120|120|120|120|120|260|260|275|294|360|360|360|480|480|-|IIT Jammu|--- | ---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ---| ---|---|90|120|154|213|237|240|240|280|280|-| Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur |IIT Jodhpur|--- | ---|---|120|120|120|160|160|200|160|120|160|180|247|352|490|490|530|550|600|-|IIT Kanpur|456|456|541|608|702|827|827|827|827|827|853|827|827|910|1016|1182|1210|1210|1210|1210|-|IIT Kharagpur|653|659|874|988|1138|1341|1341|1370|1341|1341|1341|1341|1341|1453|1603|1902|1869|1869|1869|1899|-|IIT Madras|553|554|540|612|713|838|838|838|838|838|838|838|838|877|967|1133|1133|1133|1134|1128|-|IIT Mandi|---| ---|---|---|120|120|120|120|120|120|145|150|150|200|282|329|329|336|520|520|-|IIT Palakkad|--- | --- | ---|---|---|---|---|---| ---| ---|120|120|120|163|181|188|169|180|200|200|-|IIT Patna|--- | --- | ---|120|120|120|120|120|200|200|200|200|225|250|361|427|547|582|733|817|-|IIT Roorkee|402|546|746|884|1013|1155|1155|1155|1105|1065|1030|970|975|1043|1190|1353|1353|1353|1353|1353|-|IIT Ropar|--- | --- | ---|120|120|120|120|120|120|120|130|155|260|309|346|370|370|395|430|430|-|IIT Tirupati| ---|---| ---|---|---|---|---|---| ---| ---|120|120|120|180|203|237|237|237|244|254|-|IIT (BHU) Varanasi|568|568|686|766|881|1057|1057|1057|1090|1090|1090|1090|1090|1167|1364|1589|1589|1589|1589|1589|-!Total|4369|4583|5537|6992|8295|9509|9618|9647|9885|9784|10006|10572|10988|12080|13674|16053|16232|16598|17385|17740|} Note: This intake is only about bachelor's program intake through JEE-Advanced and it is not about intake in IITs, because some IITs also admit students through UCEED and Olympiads.[52] [53] [54] [55] [56] In 2011, additional courses were introduced in the IITs. IIT Tirupati and IIT Palakkad were started in 2015 and four more institutes (IIT Bhilai, IIT Dharwad, IIT Goa, and IIT Jammu) opened in 2016. In 2018, to ensure minimum female enrollment of 14%, the IITs introduced "female-only" and "gender-neutral" seats based on 2017 enrollment statistics; and "super-numerary" seats were allocated per-institute and per-course to reach a 14% target. With these, and slight overall seat increases, the total seat availability was over 12,000, including 801 "super-numerary female-only" seats. For 2019, with the partial rollout of a 10% EWS quota (without a reduction in non-reserved seats) and the increase of the female enrollment target to 17%, the total seats available went up to over 13,500, with over 1200 super-numerary female-only seats. In 2020, with the full rollout of the 10% EWS quota and a 20% female enrolment target, total available seats increased further to 16,053, with over 1500 super-numerary female-only seats. CriticismIn 2012, Super 30 founder and mathematician Anand Kumar criticized the New Admission Norms, saying that the decision of the IITs' council to give a chance to students in the top 20% from various boards in the class 12 examinations was "a decision in haste". "This is one decision that will go against the poor, who don't have the opportunity to study in elite schools," he added.[57] The IIT-JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi; it has been criticized as being harder for students from places where other Indian languages, like Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Urdu, Oriya, Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, or Gujarati, are more prominent. In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, demanding the examinations be conducted in Gujarati too.[58] A second petition was made that October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust.[59] Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition, it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages violates article 14 of the Constitution of India. The Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) party, a political party in Tamil Nadu, held a demonstration at Chennai for conducting the IIT-JEE and other national entrance exams in regional languages also, particularly Tamil in Tamil Nadu.[60] The PMK party filed Public Interest Litigation in the Madras High Court to conduct the IIT-JEE entrance exam in Tamil. They claimed that every year 763,000 students were completing grade 12 in Tamil Nadu, 75% of them from Tamil Medium. They had to take the entrance exam in English or Hindi, neither of which was their medium of instruction nor their mother tongue, and so were denied their fundamental right to take the entrance exam in a language familiar to them.[61] [62] Shiv Sena urged the MHRD to conduct the IIT-JEE and other national undergraduate entrance exams in regional languages, particularly Marathi in Maharashtra.[63] In 2017, the Supreme Court ordered JAB to put a bar on the ongoing counseling process. There were three questions comprising a total of 11 marks that were unclear. JEE(Advanced) has also been criticised for its notoriously tough examination pattern, for a high school student, the questions asked go way beyond the scope of conventional teaching in schools, this forces the students to opt for coaching classes. The coaching classes create a situation of extreme pressure for the students, gradually affecting their mental health.[64] CoachingPreparation for the Joint Entrance Exam begins typically two to four years before students take the test. Most students who passed this exam attended coaching institutes, which had created a ₹2309992.61 billion industry with annual tuition of up to ₹288850,000. These academies included mock tests multiple times a week, up to 200 students per class, and long hours, ranging from 4 to 7 hours a day, in addition to regular high school work. There were hundreds of academies across the country, and the most famous—in Kota, Rajasthan—attracted approximately 125,0009 students each year.[65] Coaching programs are major corporations, listed on the Indian stock market and also attracting billions of dollars of investment from private equity firms.[66] The high-pressure environment at these coaching institutes has been blamed for a significant number of suicides.[67] Recent modifications in the examThere were several changes made to the exam in 2018. The Joint Admission Board (JAB) decided to conduct the entire exam online from 2018 onwards, hoping to reduce the chances of paper leak and make logistics and evaluation easier. It said that the online exam would neutralize the problem of misprinting.[68] A series of schedule revisions were carried out in 2021. The former HRD minister of India, Ramesh Pokhriyal confirmed the dates for the exam. JEE-Main exam was slated to be conducted in eight sessions over four days— two sessions each day— for each phase, with a total of four phases being held in four different months. The first phase was organized from the 23 to 28 February, while the other phases were scheduled to be organized in the subsequent months of March, April and May. The JEE-Advanced exam was scheduled to be held on 3 July 2021 but was postponed— together with the third and fourth phases of the JEE-Main examination that were to be held in the respective months of April and May— due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The third and fourth phases of the JEE-Main examinations were later held on 20 July - 3 August and 26 August – 2 September, respectively. The JEE-Advanced exam was held on 3 October 2021. JEE-Advanced 2022 was scheduled to be held on 3 July 2022 in the usual two sessions - Morning and Afternoon (both compulsory). However, with 2022 JEE-Main being postponed from April / May to 20–29 June / 21–30 July, JEE-Advanced 2022 was also postponed and subsequently held on 28 August 2022. JEE Advanced 2023 was conducted by IIT Guwahati on 4 June 2023. IIT Madras conducted the JEE-Advanced 2024 on 26 May 2024.The JEE-Advanced 2024 Paper 1 took place from 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM, followed by Paper 2 from 02:30 PM to 05:30 PM. The JEE-Adavanced 2025 exam will be held in May 2025, tentatively. JEE-Advanced 2025 will be conducted by IIT Kanpur. See also
References |