Indian Coast Guard Explained

Agencyname:Indian Coast Guard
Abbreviation:ICG
Logocaption:Indian Coast Guard crest
Badge:File:Indian Coast Guard racing stripe.svg
Badgecaption:Racing stripe
Flag:File:Indian Coast Guard flag.svg
Flagcaption:Ensign
Motto:
(ISO)[1]
Mottotranslated:We protect
Employees:13,842 sanctioned strength (2018–19)[2]
Country:India
Constitution1:The Coast Guard Act, 1978
Speciality1:coast
Headquarters:Indian Coast Guard Headquarters, New Delhi
Chief1name:Vacant since 18 August 2024[3]
Chief1position:Director General
Chief2name:S Paramesh, PTM, TM
Chief2position:Additional Director General, Indian Coast Guard
Chief3position:Coast Guard Commander (Western Seaboard)
Chief4position:Coast Guard Commander (Eastern Seaboard)
Parentagency:Ministry of Defence
Boats1:
Aircraft1:77 aircraft[4]
Anniversary1:Coast Guard Day: 1 February

The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is a maritime law enforcement and search and rescue agency of India with jurisdiction over its territorial waters including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone. It was started on 1 February 1977 and formally established on 18 August 1978 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India.[5] It operates under the Ministry of Defence.[6]

The Coast Guard works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs), and the Central Armed Police Forces, and the State Police Services.

History

The establishment of the Indian Coast Guard was first proposed by the Indian Navy to provide non-military maritime services to the nation.[7] In the 1960s, sea-borne smuggling of goods was threatening India's domestic economy. The Indian Customs Department frequently called upon the Indian Navy for assistance with patrol and interception in the anti-smuggling effort.

The Nagchaudhuri Committee was constituted with participation from the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force to study the problem. In August 1971, the committee identified the requirement to patrol India's vast coastline, set up a registry of offshore fishing vessels to identify illegal activity, and establish a capable and well-equipped force to intercept vessels engaged in illegal activities. The committee also looked at the number and nature of the equipment, infrastructure and personnel required to provide those services.[7] By 1973, India had started a programme to acquire the equipment and started deputing personnel from the Indian Navy for these anti-smuggling and law enforcement tasks, under the provisions of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act. The Indian Navy sensed that the law enforcement nature of these duties diverged from its core mission as a military service. Admiral Sourendra Nath Kohli, then Chief of Naval Staff, hence made a recommendation to the Defence Secretary outlining the need for a separate maritime service to undertake those duties and offering the Navy's assistance in its establishment. On 31 August 1974, the Defence Secretary submitted a note to the Cabinet Secretary proposing cabinet action on Admiral Kohli's recommendation.

As a result, in September 1974, the Indian cabinet set up the Rustamji Committee, under the chairmanship of Khusro Faramurz Rustamji, with participation from the Navy, the Air Force and the Department of Revenue to examine gaps in security and law enforcement between the roles of the Indian Navy and the central and state police forces. The discovery of oil off Bombay High further emphasised the need for a maritime law enforcement and protection service. The committee submitted its recommendation for the establishment of the Indian Coast Guard under the Ministry of Defence on 31 July 1975. Bureaucratic wrangling followed, with the Cabinet Secretary making a recommendation to place the service under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi overruled the Cabinet Secretary and decided to accept the original recommendation of the Rustamji Committee to place the service under the Ministry of Defence.[7]

An interim Indian Coast Guard came into being on 1 February 1977, equipped with two small corvettes and five patrol boats transferred from the Navy. The duties and functions of the service were formally defined in the Coast Guard Act, which was passed by India's parliament on 18 August 1978 and came into immediate effect.[5]

Vice Admiral V. A. Kamath of the Indian Navy was appointed the founding Director-General. Prime Minister Morarji Desai inspected the Guard of Honour at the service's inauguration. Vice Admiral Kamath proposed a five-year plan to develop the ICG into a potent force by 1984, but the full potential of this plan was not immediately realised due to an economic resource crunch.[7]

One of the historic operational successes of the ICG occurred in October 1999, with the recapture at high seas of a Panamanian-registered Japanese cargo ship, MV Alondra Rainbow, hijacked off Indonesia. Her crew were rescued off Phuket, Thailand. The ship had been repainted as MV Mega Rama, and was spotted off Kochi, heading towards Pakistan. She was chased by ICGS Tarabai and of the Indian Navy, and apprehended.[8] It was the first successful prosecution of armed pirates in over a century.

The Indian Coast Guard conducts exercises with the other coast guards of the world. In May 2005, the ICG agreed to establish liaison links with the Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA). In 2006, the Indian Coast Guard conducted exercises with its Japanese and Korean counterparts.

After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, the Indian government initiated a programme to expand the ICG force, assets and infrastructure.

The force aims to have 200 ships and 100 twin-engined aircraft by 2023 in its fleet.[9]

Present scenario

Current role

The Indian Coast Guard's motto is "वयम रक्षामः" (Vayam Rakshamah), which translates from Sanskrit as "We Protect".

Missions of Indian Coast Guard:[10]

Additional responsibilities of the Indian Coast Guard:[11]

Leadership and organisation

See main article: Director General of the Indian Coast Guard. The Indian Coast Guard organisation is headed by the Director-General (DG ICG) who is located at Coast Guard Headquarters (CGHQ), New Delhi. At CGHQ, he is assisted by the Additional Director General Coast Guard (ADGCG) of the rank of ADG, four Deputy Director-Generals of the rank of Inspector-General, and other senior officers heading various staff divisions. The current Director-General is Rakesh Pal, AVSM, PTM, TM.[12]

Director-General of Indian Coast Guard is equivalent to Vice Admiral of Indian Navy.[13]

The Indian Coast Guard has the Western and Eastern Seaboard, both commanded by three-star officers designated Coast Guard Commander Western Seaboard and Coast Guard Commander Eastern Seaboard. The seaboards are in turn divided into four regions. The Andaman & Nicobar Region reports directly to the DGICG. Each region is headed by an officer of the rank of Inspector-General. Each of the regions is further divided into multiple districts, typically covering a coastal state or a union territory.

Coast Guard SeaboardsHQ locationSeaboard Commander
Western Seaboard ADG A.K Harbola, TM
Eastern Seaboard Visakapatanam
Coast Guard regionsRegional HQ locationRegional commander
North-West Region (NW) IG T Sashi Kumar, TM
Western Region (W) IG Bhisham Sharma, PTM TM
Eastern Region (E) IG Donny Michael, TM(G)
North-East Region (NE) IG IS Chauhan, TM
Andaman & Nicobar Region (A&N) IG Neeraj Tiwari, TM

As of 2023, the Indian Coast Guard operates:[14]

Organisation

As of 2016, there are 42 Coast Guard stations which have been established along the coastline of the country.[15] [16]

Regional HQDistrict HQCoast Guard Station
North-East Region (NE) CGRHQ Kolkata[17] DHQ-7 ParadipCGAE Bhubaneswar[18]
ICGS Gopalpur[19]
DHQ-8 HaldiaICGS Frazerganj (FOB)[20]
ICGS Kolkata
Eastern Region (E) CGRHQ ChennaiDHQ-5 ChennaiICGAS Chennai[21]
ICGS Chennai (includes MRCC and RMPC)[22]
DHQ-6 VisakhapatnamICGS Visakhapatnam
ICGS Kakinada
ICGS Krishnapatnam
ICGS Nizampatnam
CGAE Visakhapatnam (Proposed)[23] [24]
DHQ-13 Puducherry[25] ICGS Puducherry
CGAE Puducherry
ICGS Karaikal
DHQ-16 Thoothukudi[26] ICGS Thoothukudi
ICGS Mandapam
CGAS Thoothukudi (Land acquisition in-progress)[27] [28]
Andaman & Nicobar Region (A&N) CGRHQ Port BlairDHQ-14 Port BlairICGS Port Blair
CGAE Port Blair
ICGS Hutbay
DHQ-9 DiglipurICGS Mayabunder[29]
ICGS Diglipur
DHQ-10 Campbell BayICGS Campbell Bay
ICGS Kamorta
Western Region (W) CGRHQ MumbaiDHQ-3 New MangaluruICGS Karwar[30]
CGAE New Mangaluru[31]
DHQ-2 MumbaiICGS Murud Janjira
ICGS Ratnagiri (includes MRCC)
ICGS Dahanu
DHQ-4 KochiICGS Vizhinjam
ICGS Beypore
CGAE Kochi
DHQ-11 MormugaoICGS Goa
CGAE Dabolim
DHQ-12 KavarattiICGS Kavaratti
ICGS Minicoy
ICGS Androth
CGAS Daman
North-West Region (NW) CGRHQ GandhinagarICGS Gandhinagar
DHQ-1 PorbandarICGS Pipavav
ICGS Veraval
CGAE Porbandar
DHQ-15 OkhaICGS Mundra
ICGS Jakhau
ICGS Vadinar
ICGS Okha

Personnel

Officer rank structure

A table showing the rank structure of Coast Guard officers with those of the other Indian armed services.[32]

Indian Coast Guard Ranks Indian Army Ranks Indian Navy Ranks Indian Air Force RanksPolice
General Admiral Air Chief Marshal
Director-General /Additional Director-General Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Air MarshalDirector General of Police
Inspector-General Major General Rear Admiral Air Vice MarshalInspector General of Police
Deputy Inspector-General Brigadier Commodore Air CommodoreDeputy Inspector General of Police
Commandant (Level 13-Pay Scale) ColonelCaptainGroup CaptainSuperintendent (Selection Grade)
Commandant (Junior Grade) Lt Colonel Commander Wing CommanderSuperintendent
Deputy Commandant Major Lt Commander Squadron LeaderAdditional Superintendent
Assistant Commandant (2 Years) Captain Lieutenant Flight LieutenantDeputy Superintendent
Assistant Commandant Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Flying OfficerAssistant Superintendent

Coast Guard officers

The naming of ranks of officers in the Coast Guard is as same as rank of Central Armed Police Forces. Officers are appointed in the Coast Guard in one of four branches, as either General-Duty officer, Pilot officer, Technical officer or Law officers. Lady Officers have two branches i.e. General-Duty Officer or Pilot Officer and serve on shore establishments/Air Stations/Headquarters. They are not deployed on board Indian Coast Guard ships.

Currently, officers of Indian Coast Guard undergo Basic Military Training at the Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala along with their counterparts of Indian Navy. This helps in the mutual interchange of Officers among these two sister services. While the Indian Coast Guard Academy is under construction in Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka.[33]

General-Duty OfficersThe command of ships at sea can only be exercised by officers of the General-Duty (GD) branch. The key functions of a General-Duty Officer would be to operate weapons, sensors and different kinds of equipment on board a ship. The safety of the ship and the men would be GD officers responsibility. All the District Commanders (COMDIS) and Commander of Coast Guard Region (COMCG) appointments are exercised by a GD Officer of the Indian Coast Guard.
Pilot OfficersPilot Officers are also part of GD branch. A Pilot Officer gets an opportunity to work at shore Air Stations along the Indian coasts and also embark ships. ICG operates fixed wing aircraft for surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zone. In addition, helicopters are embarked on Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) to provide local surveillance and perform search and rescue mission at sea.
Technical OfficersTechnical Officers are responsible for operation of advanced technology and sensor systems on board Coast Guard vessels and aircraft, as well as on shore installations. They also command the maintenance wings of the force.
Law OfficersLaw Officers act as legal advisers to their respective commanders. They represent the Indian Coast Guard in legal actions filed by or against the organisation. They also perform the duties of trial law officers in Coast Guard courts, convened to try delinquent Coast Guard personnel. The Directorate of Law at Coast Guard Headquarters is headed by a Deputy Inspector-General and is designated as the Chief Law Officer. Section 115 of the Coast Guard Act, 1978 deals with the qualifications necessary to be appointed as the Chief Law Officer of Indian Coast Guard. Section 116 of the Coast Guard Act, 1978 defines the functions of the Chief Law Officer.[5]

Enrolled personnel

Enrolled personnel in the Coast Guard serve as either a yantrik (technician) or navik (sailor).[34]

Enrolled personnel of Indian Coast Guard are trained along with Indian Naval sailors at the naval training establishment INS Chilka. All training undertaken by Coast Guard personnel is the same as those undertaken by sailors in the Indian Navy. All personnel are trained in operation of weapons systems in cases of emergency.

Rank insignia

Officers
Other ranks

Equipment

Current aircraft

AircraftPictureOriginTypeVariantIn serviceNotes
Maritime patrol
Dornier 228
India		101/201[35] 36[36] 2 on order[37]
Helicopters
HAL DhruvUtilityMk. I4[38] [39] 9 Mk.III on order[40] [41]
Mk. III16[42] [43]
HAL Chetak
Utility17[44]

Current vessels

Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.

ClassPictureOriginTypeCommissionedDisplacementVesselsComment
Pollution control vessels (3)
Samudra classPollution control vessel 2010–present 3,960 tons 3
Offshore patrol vessels (25)
Vikram classOffshore patrol vessel2018–present2,140 tons7
Samarth classOffshore patrol vessel 2015–present 2,400 tons11
Offshore patrol vessel 2010–present 1,800 tons 3
Sankalp classOffshore patrol vessel2008–present2,325 tons2
Offshore patrol vessel 1996–present 1,800 tons 2 2 ships out of 4 decommissioned in November 2023
Fast Patrol vessels (44)
Fast patrol vessel 2013–present 290 tons 20
Fast patrol vessel 2012–present 275 tons 13 1 additional unit built for the Seychelles Coast Guard.[45] [46]
Fast patrol vessel 2009–present 275 tons 5
Fast patrol vessel 2002–present 270 tons 6 1 unit decommissioned on 27 April 2023. 2 additional units built for the National Coast Guard of Mauritius.
Patrol boats (82)
Patrol boat 2013–present 107 tons 69 more to be commissioned
Fast interceptor boat 2012–present 90 tons 54
Fast interceptor boat 2000–present 90 tons 11
Patrol craft (14)
Interceptor craft 2010–present 7 tons 10

Interceptor craft 2004–present 5 tons 4
Hovercraft (14)
2000–present 27 tons 18 6 H-181(Griffon 8000TD) and 12 H-187(Griffon 8000TD)

Former vessels

Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.

ClassPictureOriginTypeCommissionedDisplacementComment
Patrol vessels
Fast patrol vessel 1992–1998 215 tons All 8 decommissioned.[47] [48] [49]
Offshore patrol vessel 1996–present 1,800 tons 2 decommissioned, 2 still in service
Offshore patrol vessel 1983–1992 1,220 tons 6 decommissioned, 1 lost, 2 transferred
Patrol vessel 1980–1987 200 tons All 5 have been decommissioned.[50]

Coastal patrol vessel 1987–1990 236 tons All 6 have been decommissioned.[51]
Offshore patrol vessel 1978–1988 1,456 tons Former INS Kirpan and former INS Kuthar transferred from the Indian Navy in 1978. Kirpan decommissioned 1987,[52] Kuthar decommissioned September 1988.[53]

Future of the Indian Coast Guard

Future vessels

The following is a table of vessel classes which are either under construction or planned, but have not yet entered service.

ClassOriginTypeCommission (est.)DisplacementPlannedComment
MDL-class Training VesselTraining vessel1Contract signed with MDL[54]
Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) classPollution Control VesselNov 2024May 20254,100 Tons[55] 2Contract signed for ₹5.83 billion[56]
MDL-class NGOPVOffshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs) May 20262,500 Tons6Contract signed with MDL.[57] [58] [59] Steel cutting of the first vessel done on 31 May 2024.[60]
FPV (New Generation) ClassFast patrol vessel700 Tons18
GSL-class Fast Patrol VesselFast patrol vessel320 Tons8[61] [62]
Fast patrol vessel300 Tons14Contract signed with MDL on 24 January 2024. All to be delivered within 63 months[63] [64] [65]
Interceptor boats22[66] Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has cleared procurement on 29 July 2024.[67]

Future aircraft

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Grammar Tutorial ::: Reference – Verb Forms / धारुरूप / dhaaturuupa . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160310170343/http://sanskrit.samskrutam.com/en.grammar-tutorial-reference-dhaaturupa.ashx . 10 March 2016 . 6 March 2016.
  2. Web site: Behera . Laxman Kumar . Kaushal . Vinay . 4 August 2020 . Estimating India's Defence Manpower . 2022-02-02 . Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.
  3. News: 18 August 2024 . Director General of Indian Coast Guard Rakesh Pal dies after heart attack . Hindustan Times . 18 August 2024.
  4. News: 2022-11-26 . Indian Coast Guard looks for new helicopters, rotary Unmanned Aerial Vehicles . en-IN . The Hindu . 2023-08-15 . 0971-751X.
  5. The Coast Guard Act . 1978 . Parliament of India.
  6. Web site: About the Ministry . Ministry of Defence, Government of India . 3 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120509001243/http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/welcome.html . 9 May 2012.
  7. Web site: History . https://web.archive.org/web/20160806112406/http://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/290_3_History.aspx . 6 August 2016 . Indian Coast Guard.
  8. Web site: Alondra Rainbow revisited, A Study of related issues in the light of the recent judgment of Mumbai High Court . South Asia Analysis Group . 13 May 2005 . 3 May 2012 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20101128110221/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers14/paper1379.html . 28 November 2010.
  9. Web site: Siva G . 18 June 2018 . Indian Coast Guard fleet 4th largest in the world . 8 June 2020 . The Times of India.
  10. Web site: Mission and Motto . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160716031118/http://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/248_3_Mission.aspx . 16 July 2016 . 25 July 2016 . Indian Coast Guard.
  11. Web site: 2011–2012 . Performance of Coast Guard Organisation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140427214542/http://www.rgics.org/test/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Defence-Coast-Guard-Organisationt..pdf . 27 April 2014 . 2013-09-17 . Standing Committee on Defence, Lok Sabha Secretariat.
  12. Web site: DG Rakesh Pal appointed as 25th Director General of Indian Coast Guard . pib.gov.in . 8 August 2023.
  13. Web site: Indian Coast Guard Gets First 3-Star officer . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213243/http://www.defencenow.com/news/1069/indian-coast-guard-gets-first-3-star-officer.html . 23 September 2015 . 26 November 2014 . Defence Now.
  14. Web site: CG Organisation . Indian Coast Guard .
  15. Web site: CG Organisation:Indian Coast Guard . 2024-05-23 . indiancoastguard.gov.in.
  16. Web site: Coast Guard Stations . 2024-04-28 . pib.gov.in.
  17. Web site: North East:Indian Coast Guard . 2024-05-23 . indiancoastguard.gov.in.
  18. Web site: Service . Express News . 2014-12-16 . Coast Guard Air Enclave at City Airport . 2024-05-23 . The New Indian Express . en.
  19. Web site: ICGS Gopalpur commissioned . 2024-05-23 . www.spsmai.com . en.
  20. News: 2014-04-14 . Indian Coast Guard Station (ICGS) Frazerganj, the 42nd CG station commissioned to serve as a new Forward Operating Base in South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal, which will serve as a hub for coastal security operations in the sea areas off Sunderban. . 2024-05-23 . The Times of India . 0971-8257.
  21. Web site: Indian Coast Guard Air Station - Chennai . 2024-05-23 . wikimapia.org . en.
  22. News: 2024-08-18 . Rajnath Singh inaugurates new maritime rescue coordination centre in Chennai . 2024-08-19 . The Hindu . en-IN . 0971-751X.
  23. News: Coast Guard to Set Up Air-enclave in Vishakapatnam . The New Indian Express . 3 February 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160201095831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Coast-Guard-to-Set-Up-Air-enclave-in-Vishakapatnam/2016/01/31/article3254026.ece . 1 February 2016.
  24. News: Visakhapatnam to have Indian Coast Guard air enclave by 2018-end – Times of India. The Times of India . 2017-02-10 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170212043854/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/city-to-have-icg-air-enclave-by-2018-end/articleshow/56900108.cms . 12 February 2017.
  25. Web site: Service . Express News . 2014-05-16 . New Coast Guard Hub Opens, to Make Pondy Shores Secure . 2024-05-23 . The New Indian Express . en.
  26. Web site: Indian Coast Guard: Eastern Region Organization . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130174628/https://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1835_0_Organisation.aspx?regID=1827 . 2021-01-30 . 2021-01-30.
  27. Web site: 18 July 2018 . Indian Coast Guard to expand Thoothukudi fleet by 2020 . Deccan Chronicle.
  28. News: Coast Guard to set up air station in Tuticorin for surveillance, to aid fishers . The Times of India.
  29. Web site: India Opens New Coast Guard Station in Andaman . defencenow.com . 28 December 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160122183400/http://www.defencenow.com/news/1060/india-opens-new-coast-guard-station-in-andaman.html . 22 January 2016.
  30. Web site: Indian Coast Guard Station at Karwar Commissioned . marinebuzz.com . 28 December 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306161701/http://www.marinebuzz.com/2009/11/06/indian-coast-guard-station-at-karwar-commissioned/ . 6 March 2016.
  31. News: Coast Guard District HQ 3 to set up RRT . The Times of India . 10 September 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160529190433/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Coast-Guard-District-HQ-3-to-set-up-RRT/articleshow/51997507.cms . 29 May 2016.
  32. Web site: Indian Coast Guard – An Overview . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171030235136/http://www.cag.gov.in/sites/default/files/audit_report_files/Union_Performance_Defence_Services_Role_and_Functioning_Indian_Coast_guard_7_2011_chapter_1.pdf . 30 October 2017 . 29 August 2020.
  33. News: First Coast Guard academy in Kannur . 3 May 2012 . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108235939/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/28/stories/2011022855970600.htm . . 8 November 2012.
  34. Web site: Careers in Indian Coast Guard . Indian Coast Guard . 3 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120502063809/http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/jobs/jobs.html . 2 May 2012.
  35. Book: Jackson . Paul . Munson . Kenneth . Peacock . Lindsay . Jane's All the World's Aircraft . 2004 . Janes Information Group . Coulsdon . 0710626142 . 206 . 95th year of issue 2004-2005. . HAL (Dornier) 228.
  36. News: Indian Coast Guard to induct 16 Advanced Light Helicopters in July, 2 of them for North-East . . 2 April 2019.
  37. News: Indian Coast Guard to get Dornier aircraft from HAL . 2023-07-07 . 2023-07-08.
  38. News: Purohit . Jugal . Indian Coast Guard to acquire 30 advanced copters soon . India Today . 8 July 2016.
  39. Book: The Military Balance 2017 . 14 February 2017 . Routledge, Chapman & Hall . 9781857439007 . en.
  40. Web site: 2024-03-13 . India's defence ministry signs deals worth $975 mln for indigenous helicopters . Reuters.
  41. News: 2024-03-07 . Cabinet Committee on Security clears 34 new Dhruv choppers for Indian Coast Guard, Army . 2024-03-08 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
  42. News: Two ALH-Mark-III helicopters inducted into Indian Coast Guard . . 2 February 2022 . The ICG said that these choppers were the ninth and tenth in the series of 16 ALH..
  43. News: Coast Guard receives 16 ALH-Mk III choppers, wants 9 more . The Times of India . Kumar . Chetan . 2022-11-15.
  44. Book: The Military Balance 2017. 14 February 2017. Routledge, Chapman & Hall. 9781857439007. en.
  45. News: ICGS Priyadarshini commissioned at Andhra Pradesh's Kakinada Port . The New Indian Express . 27 April 2019.
  46. News: GRSE to build water jet-propelled fast patrol vessel for Coast Guard . The Economic Times . 2017-05-15 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170827222635/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/grse-to-build-water-jet-propelled-fast-patrol-vessel-for-coast-guard/articleshow/58685359.cms . 27 August 2017.
  47. News: ICGS Sucheta Kriplani retired with full military honours . The Statesman . 24 March 2018.
  48. Web site: Surface Units Page :Indian Coast Guard . indiancoastguard.gov.in . 1 May 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160603001928/http://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1591_1_SurfaceUnitsPage3.aspx . 3 June 2016.
  49. News: Odisha: Coast Guard Ship 'Raziya Sultana' Decommissioned . Kalinga TV . 1 June 2021.
  50. Web site: Surface Units Page :Indian Coast Guard . indiancoastguard.gov.in . 1 May 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160603003428/http://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1592_1_SurfaceUnitsPage4.aspx . 3 June 2016.
  51. Web site: Indian Coast Guard: Inshore Patrol Vessels by Hindustan Shipyard Limited . marinebuzz.com . 28 December 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160129181258/http://www.marinebuzz.com/2012/01/31/indian-coast-guard-inshore-patrol-vessels-by-hindustan-shipyard-limited/ . 29 January 2016.
  52. Book: Prezelin, Bernard . 1990 . Combat Fleets of the World: 1990 . Naval Institute Press . 245 .
  53. Book: . Ministry of Defence Annual Report: 1988 . Government of India . 7 . 1988 .
  54. Web site: 2023-10-17 . Defence Ministry signs contract for construction of the first Indian Coast Guard Training Ship with Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd, Mumbai . 2023-11-27 . pib.gov.in.
  55. News: GSL begins work on 2 pollution control ships for Coast Guard . 2022-02-22 . 2023-07-08 . The two pollution control vessels will be approximately 115 mtrs long, 16.5 mtrs wide, with a displacement of 4100 tonnes and a maximum speed of 22 Knots..
  56. News: 22 June 2021 . MoD signs ₹583 crore contract for two pollution control vessels for Coast Guard . en-IN . The Hindu . 2021-06-22 . 0971-751X.
  57. Web site: 2023-12-20 . Mazagon Dock wins ₹1,600-crore contract from Defence Ministry for Indian Coast Guard vessels . 2023-12-21 . CNBCTV18 . en.
  58. Web site: 2023-12-20 . Mazagon Dock, Cochin Shipyard bag big orders from Ministry of Defence . 2023-12-21 . Moneycontrol . en.
  59. https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Tender/202202280658459150335RFI.pdf
  60. Web site: Steel-cutting ceremony for first Next-Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel of ICG held at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited, Mumbai . 2024-06-01 . pib.gov.in.
  61. https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Tender/20171101024152257760608FPVdt30Oct17.pdf
  62. Web site: 28 March 2022 . MoD signs Rs 473 crore contract with GSL for construction of eight Fast Patrol Vessels for Indian Coast Guard . 2024-04-19 . pib.gov.in.
  63. Web site: MoD inks contract, worth over Rs 1070 cr, with Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd for 14 Fast Patrol Vessels for Indian Coast Guard . 2024-01-25 . pib.gov.in.
  64. Web site: 2024-01-24 . India signs ₹1,070 crore contract with Mazagon Dock for 14 advanced fast patrol vessels . 2024-01-24 . CNBCTV18 . en.
  65. https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Tender/202301190914478599147RFPforAcquisitionof14FastPatrolVessels(FPV)forIndianCoastGuard(ICG)-CategoryBuy(Indian-IDDM).pdf
  66. https://www.grse.in/investor-presentations/files/Transcript_of_Analyst_Meet_Con_Call_for_Q4_FY_23_GRSE.pdf
  67. News: 2024-07-29 . Govt approves procurement of navigation system for armoured fighting vehicles, interceptor boats . 2024-07-29 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
  68. News: Rs 15,000 crore Tata-Airbus deal for military transport aircraft at CCS door . The Economic Times . 5 February 2021 . 24 July 2021.
  69. Web site: Aatmanirbhar Bharat: DAC clears capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 84,560 crore to boost the capabilities of the Armed Forces & Indian Coast Guard . 2024-02-16 . pib.gov.in.

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