| Short Title: | The Arms Act, 1959 |
| Legislature: | Parliament of India |
| Imagealt: | Arms Act, 1959 |
| Long Title: | An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to arms and ammunition. |
| Citation: | Act No. 54 of 1959 |
| Territorial Extent: | India |
| Date Assented: | r 1959 |
| Date Commenced: | 1 October 1962 |
| Status: | in force |
The Arms Act, 1959 is an Act of the Parliament of India to consolidate and amend the law relating to arms and ammunition in order to curb illegal weapons and violence stemming from them.[1] It replaced the Indian Arms Act, 1878.
The Arms Act was passed in 1959.
The act is divided into six chapters.[2]
Provides a short title and definitions of terms used in the act
Explains rules and regulations around acquisition, possession, manufacture, sale, import, export and transport of arms and ammunition in India.
Details how to procure license, rules around grant, refusal, fees for license.
Provides details on the powers that the government officials have to enforce this act.
Explains punishments associated with breaking rules related to this act.
Deals with the other miscellaneous parts of the act such as exemptions.
The Act has undergone many changes since 1959, the most recent being in 2010 through an amendment for the Arms Act.[3] There was also controversy around air guns to be included as part of this act which was rejected by the Supreme Court of India.[4]
The Indian Arms Act, 1878 was an act regulating the manufacture, sale, possession, and carry of firearms.
Prior to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, there were few gun control laws in Colonial India.[5]
The act included the mandatory licensing to carry a weapon, but contained exclusions for some groups and persons, for instance "all persons of Kodava (Coorg) race".[6]
In a 1918 recruitment leaflet for World War I, Mahatma Gandhi voiced disapproval of the act:
Among the many misdeeds of the British rule in India, history will look upon the Act depriving a whole nation of arms as the blackest. If we want the Arms Act to be repealed, if we want to learn the use of arms, here is a golden opportunity. If the middle classes render voluntary help to Government in the hour of its trial, distrust will disappear, and the ban on possessing arms will be withdrawn.[7]
In The New Cambridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India, historian David Arnold noted the effect of the British rule on weapons, mining and metallurgy in India:[8]
The Arms Act classifies firearms into two categories: Prohibited Bore and Non-Prohibited Bore. All automatic firearms and semi-automatic firearms except pistols fall under the Prohibited Bore category. Any firearm which can chamber and fire ammunition of the caliber .303, 7.62mm; 410,380; .455; .45 rimless; 9mm is specified as Prohibited Bore under The Arms Act of 1962. Smooth bore guns having barrel of less than 20" in length are also specified as Prohibited Bore guns. The common firearms which are provided to people with a license under this Act are double barreled shotguns of 12 gauge (DBBL 12 Bore), common firearms are 0.315 bolt-action rifles (magazine capacity of 5 cartridges) and 0.32 Smith&Wesson Long revolvers (chamber capacity of 6 cartridges), 0.35" semi-automatic pistols and 12 Bore pump-action shotguns. [9] [10]
Under Indian Arms Act, 1956 stun guns and tasers are illegal to own and are considered as prohibited arms under Section 25 (1A) of the Arms Act.[11]
Edged weapons like swords, machetes, spears, bowie knives and stilettos require license under the Arms Act. Sword sticks, daggers, throwing knives, bayonets and switchblades are illegal. Edged weapons are illegal to carry in public places, educational institutes, airports, railway stations and metro stations is illegal. Any knife with a blade length exceeding 9 inches or a blade width exceeding 2 inches will be considered illegal to carry.[12]
Pepper spray is legal and doesn't require a license or documentation to buy one. However, manufacturers need a government license. The rules of carrying pepper spray in public transport are unclear, especially in metro trains where the permission to carry it remains under the discretion of the Central Industrial Security Force due to risks of people carrying poison gas in pepper spray cans.[13]
Some restrictions may be in place to accommodate religious customs and beliefs. In these cases, specific groups may be able to carry knives according to their religious laws. For example, Nihang Sikhs can carry edged weapons and firearms after obtaining a license under the Arms Act and all Khalsa Sikhs are allowed to carry the kirpan in public.[14] [15] The Gurkha community is allowed to open carry khukris. However, there may be restrictions on the size of the kirpan that can be carried in public, and some states have specific laws against it. The Kodava community is allowed to carry swords and firearms without license only within the Kodagu district. In 2004 the Ananda Marga sect have been allowed to carry Trishulas (Trident) and knives in their religious processions. Shia Muslims are allowed to carry swords and knives but only during Muharram processions after obtaining permission from the respective local police department.[16]