India sanctions explained

India has historically and largely not supported sanctions imposed by individual countries.[1] [2] The Government of India has largely supported United Nations sanctions. India has also been warned with sanctions, imposed with them, and has also imposed and threatened its own.

Sanctions imposed by India

Countries

Country! scope=col width="100px"
Periodscope=col width="500px" Summary
South Africa19461993India was the first country to sanction South Africa for the apartheid.[3]
Fiji19891999Following deterioration of diplomatic ties India imposed a trade embargo.[4]

Sanctions against India

Sanctioning Country/Entity (s)! scope=col width="100px"
Periodscope=col width="500px"Summary
Canada1974Following 1974 nuclear tests Canada sanctioned nuclear expertise and equipment support.[5]
Multiple countries United States19981999United States imposed sanctions as required by law following 1998 nuclear tests.[6] Sanctions imposed by the United States were weakened through exceptions and lifted within a year.[7]
Japan19982001Sanctions including the stoppage of loan aid.[8] [9] [10]
~12 countriesAround 14 countries adopted some form of individual sanction or another following the 1998 nuclear tests with marginal effect.[11] Collective sanctions could not gather the required support.[12]
United States19922011Indian Space Research Organisation was sanctioned for sections of its space program.[13] [14]
Pakistan2019Sanctions such as closure of airspace for all Indians following 2019 Balakot airstrike.[15]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Chauhan. Rishika. 2014-12-15. Decoding India's Stand on International Sanctions. 2022-02-25. Center for the Advanced Study of India (CASI). en.
  2. Web site: Global Sanctions Guide - India. Eversheds Sutherland.
  3. Web site: India-South Africa Relations. Ministry of External Affairs.
  4. Book: Group, Taylor & Francis. Europa World Year. 2004-07-29. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-85743-254-1. 1628.
  5. Book: Perkovich, George. India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation. 2001. University of California Press. 978-0-520-23210-5. 186.
  6. Web site: Wagner. Alex. Bush Waives Nuclear-Related Sanctions on India, Pakistan. 2022-02-25. Arms Control Association.
  7. Web site: Morrow. Daniel. Carriere. Michael. Fall 1999. The Economic Impacts of the 1998 Sanctions on India and Pakistan. The Nonproliferation Review.
  8. Web site: Burns. John F.. 14 May 1998. India Sets Off 2 More Nuclear Blasts; U.S. and Japan Impose Sanctions. 2022-02-25. The New York Times.
  9. Web site: 26 October 2001. Japan lifts India, Pakistan sanctions. 2022-02-25. CNN.
  10. Web site: 26 October 2001. PTI. Japan lifts sanctions on India, Pak. 2022-02-25. The Tribune India.
  11. Book: Synnott, Hilary. 2020. Routledge. 978-1-136-06308-4. en.
  12. Book: Nayar, Baldev Raj. India and the Major Powers After Pokharan II. 2001. Har-Anand Publications. 978-81-241-0799-7. 24–25.
  13. Web site: Laxman. Srinivas. 6 January 2014. US sanctions on India: India overcame US sanctions to develop cryogenic engine. 2022-02-25. The Times of India.
  14. News: 13 February 2011. Sanctions off; NASA lab asks ISRO to partner for moon mission. The Economic Times. PTI. 2022-02-25.
  15. Web site: Khanna. Ambika. 2020-04-30. Devising an Indian policy on Sanctions for Pakistan. 2022-02-25. Gateway House. en.

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