Index of branches of science explained

The following index is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science: Links to articles and redirects to sections of articles which provide information on each topic are listed with a short description of the topic. When there is more than one article with information on a topic, the most relevant is usually listed, and it may be cross-linked to further information from the linked page or section.

Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.^{[1] [2]}

The branches of science, also referred to as scientific fields, scientific disciplines, or just sciences, can be arbitrarily divided into three major groups:

• The natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, and Earth sciences), which study nature in the broadest sense;
• The social sciences (e.g. psychology, sociology, economics, history) which study people and societies; and
• The formal sciences (e.g. mathematics, logic, theoretical computer science), which study abstract concepts.

Disciplines that use science, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.

A

•  - study of inanimate, inorganic, or lifeless things.^[3]
  •  - study of spined things, in particular sea urchins, and the resultant impact on taxonomy^[4]
  •  - science of remedies, or of therapeutics; iamatology.
  • – the branch of physics studying the properties of sound.
•  - synonymous with radiobiology.
  • •  - Science or study of gliding flight.^[5]
  •  - study of aerolites; meteorites.^[6]
•  - study of pollens and spores in atmosphere.^[7]
  • • • • •  - study of influence in chemical processes in plants.
•  - comparative study of primitive peoples.
  • • •  - study of agricultural soils.
        • • (botany)
  • - study of causes and treatment of allergies
    • •  - study of men's physiology.
•  - study of wind.
  •  - study of human biology.
•  - study of human cultures.
•  - study of human-animal interaction.
  • • • •  - study of first principles.^[8]
  •  - science of the origins of government.
  •  - science or art of dining.
    • • • •  - study of diseases of weakening and aging.
            •  - study of behaviour of interstellar matter.
•  - the science of aqueous vapor.^[9]
  • •  - scientific study of oneself.

B

• • •  - science of the therapeutic use of baths.
•  - science of the support and mechanics of heavy structures^[10]
•  - study of gravitational force.^[11]
  • • • • • •  - study of documents to determine authenticity.
            •  - study of organisms interacting in their environments.
•  - study of physics of biological phenomena.
•  - application of the science of biology to the study of psychology.
•  - study of friction, wear and lubrication of biological systems.
  •  - study of food.
•  - study of mosses and liverworts.

C

• •  - study of bird's nests.
•  - study of heat.
•  - science of international exchange.^[12]
  • • • • •  - science of making maps and globes.
•  - art of designing a camp.
•  - science of echoes or reflected sounds.
•  - science of commercial exchange.
•  - art of teaching by question and answer.
•  - study of motion of objects in outer space.
•  - study of the different structures and functions of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells.
•  - study of whales and dolphins.
  • •  - study of development of character.
•  - study of properties and behaviours of substances.
•  - study of handwriting or penmanship.
  •  - science of the geographic description of anything.
•  - study of wealth; political economy.
•  - study of color.
•  - study of biological rhythms.
•  - study of precious metals.
•  - study of motion of macroscopic objects.
•  - study of climate.
•  - study of aging or individual decline after maturity.
  • • •  - study of comets.
•  - study of processes that interact with data.
  • • • • •  - study of cosmetics.
    •  - study of the skull.
      •  - study of codes.
•  - study of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
  •  - study of tropical cyclones, e.g. hurricanes.

D

•  - study of finger rings.^[13]
  •  - study of sign language.
• – study of analyzing, processing, interpreting and extracting data.
  •  - study of human populations and behaviour.^[14]
    • • • • • • •  - science of deciphering ancient writings and texts.
•  - study of dosage of drugs.^[15]
  • and study thereof.

E

•  - study of excretion.
  •  - study of material wealth (production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services).
  •  - study of ancient Egypt.
•  - study of mental imagery.
  •  - study of relations between electricity and chemicals.
•  - study of the effects arising from the interactions of electric currents with magnets, with other currents, or with themselves.
•  - the study of dynamics of electrically charged fluids.
•  - study of electricity.
•  - study of static electricity.
•  - study of electromagnetic force.
  •  - study of vomiting.
•  - study of menstruation.
•  - study of local diseases.
  •  - study of energy under transformation within various fields.
•  - study of engineering.
•  - study of enigmas (puzzles).
  •  - study of parasites that live inside larger organisms.
•  - study of enzymes.
•  - branch of medicine dealing with adolescence.
  •  - study of epilepsy.
•  - study of deserts.
•  - study of effects of work on humans.
•  - study of people at work.
•  - study of freeing oneself from constraints.
•  - study of dynamic relationships between peoples.
•  - study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people.
•  - study of origins of races or ethnic groups.
•  - study of dances and its implication in culture.
• – study of comparative musical systems.
•  - study of cultures.
•  - study of everyday communication and social interaction.
•  - study of natural or biological character.
•  - study of economic and ethical principles of a society.
  •  - study of origins of words.
•  - science concerned with improving living conditions.
•  - study of extraterrestrial life.
•  - study of exoplanets.

F

•  - study of felines.
•  - science or study of money management.
  •  - study of fluids behaviour at rest and in motion.
•  - study of fluids behaviour at rest.
•  - study of watercourses.
•  - study of folklore and fables.
•  - study of the creation, management, use, conservation, and repair of forests and associated resources.

G

• • •  - study of gems and jewels
•  - study of gender
•  - study of descent of families
•  - study of reproduction and heredity
  •  - study of chemistry of the Earth's crust
•  - study of measuring geological time
•  - study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants
•  - study of the rocks of a planet
•  - study the sizes, shapes, positions, angles and dimensions of things.
•  - study of the characteristics, origins, and development of land forms
•  - study of landforms and landform evolution
•  - study of agriculture
•  - study of increasing habitability of the Earth
•  - study of decadence and decay
•  - study of old age
  •  - study of giants
  •  - study of language; study of the tongue
•  - the art of measuring time using sundials
•  - study of life in germ-free conditions
•  - study of large numbers
  •  - study of systems of writing
•  - study of systems of representing speech in writing
•  - study of handwriting
•  - science of surveying
•  - study of women's physiology
•  - study of rotating bodies

H

•  - study of movement of blood through blood vessels
•  - study of fishing^[16]
  •  - study of ulcers^[17]
    • • •  - study of the dynamics behind blood circulation
•  - study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas
•  - study of passing of traits from parents to offspring
• – study of Mercury
  •  - study of diseases of horses
    •  - study of changes in tissue due to disease
      • •  - art of constructing sundials or clocks
•  - science of time measurement
•  - study of gardening
• – study of application of engineering, chemistry and other fields of science involving the use of liquids
•  - study of aquatic organisms
  • • •  - study of motion of fluids
•  - study of water resources
•  - study of atmospheric moisture
  •  - science of rainfall
•  - science of health and hygiene
•  - study of sanitation; health
•  - hygienics; study of cleanliness
•  - study of humidity
•  - science of humidity
•  - study of sleep; study of hypnosis.^[18]
•  - science of measuring heights

I

• •  - treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine
•  - art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan
  • •  - study of drawing symbols
•  - study of icons; symbols
•  - study of origins of ideas
•  - science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour
•  - study of idiom, jargon or dialect
•  - study of the psychology of one's own mind
  •  - study of genetic characteristics of immunity
    • • • •  - study of peace

K

•  - study of beauty
  •  - study of cell nuclei
•  - study of motion
•  - study of gestural communication
•  - study of human movement and posture
•  - study of forces producing or changing motion
•  - study of atmospheric pollutants and dust
  •  - study of wave motion

L

•  - study of population statistics
  • • •  - study of words and their meanings
•  - art of definition of words
• – study of collection of information
  •  - study of organization, access, collection, and protection/regulation of information, whether in physical or digital forms.
  •  - study of freshwater ecosystems
    •  - study of plagues and epidemics
  •  - study of sailing along rhumb-lines

M

•  - branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the whole economy
•  - study of magnetism
•  - study of electrically conducting fluids
•  - study of magnetic fields in systems where the currents are steady
  • • •  - study of the ocean's ecosystem
•  - study of mammals
•  - study of magnitude, number, and forms
•  - mammalogy; study of mammals
  •  - study of or treatise concerning opium
    • • •  - study of music; musicology
•  - study of part-whole relationships
•  - ecology
•  - study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits
•  - study of the structure and constitution of metals
  •  - study of principles of nature and thought
•  - study of politics in theory or abstract
•  - study of nature of the mind
  • • • •  - study of alcohol
        •  - study of local climates
•  - branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual households and firms in making decisions on the allocation of limited resources
•  - study or discussion of trivialities
  •  - study of very small plant life
    • • •  - study of mummies
•  - study of forms and the development of structures
• – study of size and shape
•  - study of mosses
  •  - study of music
  •  - study of muscles
  •  - study of myths; fables; tales

N

•  - study of church or temple architecture
•  - study and art of navigation
• – study of controlling a movement of a vehicle from one place to another
•  - study of the destruction of planets^[19]
  • •  - study of nestling birds
      •  - study of human decision making and the ability to process multiple alternatives and to choose an optimal course of action
    •  - study of development, work and structure of nervous system
•  - study of hypnotism
•  - study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralities
  •  - science of the intellect
  •  - study of senility
•  - study and collecting of bank-notes and cheques
  •  - study of nymphs

O

• • • • • • •  - science of housekeeping
•  - study of the sense of smell
•  - study of rain
  • •  - study of nomenclature
  •  - science of pure being; the nature of things
    • • •  - study of sight
•  - science of examining the eyes
  • • (biology)  - study of form, structure, development, and functions of plant or animal organs
• (musicology)  - study of musical instruments in relation to history, culture, construction, acoustic properties and classification
  • • • •  - mineralogy or paleontology
•  - scientific study of smells
•  - study of smells and olfactory processes
•  - study of the sense of smell

P

• •  - study of children's diseases; pediatrics
    • •  - study of ancient fish
        •  - study of ancient bones
      •  - study of paradoxes
    •  - study of proverbs
•  - study of virgins
  • • • •  - study of mud
•  - study of crime and punishment
  •  - science of pests
    • • •  - study of the throat
  •  - study of phenomena
  •  - science of knowledge or wisdom
    • • •  - study of photons
          • •  - study of fishes
•  - science or study of faith
  • •  - political economy; study of wealth
•  - study of mechanics of gases
  • • • • •  - study of beards
            •  - study of protists
  •  - study of election results and voting trends
•  - art or science of lying
•  - study of optical illusions
  •  - study of internal or mental states
•  - study of mentality, personality or character
  • • • •  - study of ferns
•  - study of distribution of feathers on birds
•  - study of puns
•  - study of fevers
•  - study of towers
•  - study of artillery
•  - study of woodburning
•  - study of combustion through fire or explosions

Q

•  - the exploitation of collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform computation.
•  - a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles
•  - the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level
•  - study of issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity
•  - study of quinine.

R

•  - study of the scientific principles, mechanisms, and effects of the interaction of ionizing radiation with living matter
•  - study of ordinary chemical reactions under radioactive circumstances
  • • • •  - science of inventory management and the movement of products
  •  - study and engineering of rockets

S

•  - study of fleshy parts of the body
•  - study of excrement or obscene literature
•  - art of using gesture to express tones
•  - art of shading
• – study of application of models to understand a particular problem
• – study of programming
  • • • •  - study of the Moon
  •  - science of meanings of words
  •  - study of signs and signals
    • •  - study of iron and its alloys, including steel
•  - science of meaning
•  - study of tree's life
  • •  - dietetics
•  - study of biological basis of human behaviour
• – study of the relationship between economy and society
  • • •  - science of substances
    •  - study of spectra
  •  - study of seeds
•  - study of peat moss
  • •  - study of sponges
•  - study of political parties
  • •  - study of relationships between text
•  - study of chemistry of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation.
•  - science of elements of animal tissues
•  - study of the mouth
•  - study of folk tales
  •  - art of leading an army
•  - studying literature by means of statistical analysis
  •  - study of the chemistry of assembled molecular sub-units
•  - study of symbols
•  - study of symptoms of illness
•  - study of ecological communities
•  - study of processes of invention
•  - study of sentence structure
•  - study of syphilis
•  - study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present
•  - study of systems

T

•  - art of curing and stuffing animals
  • •  - study of final causes; analysis in terms of purpose
      • • •  - study of the production of texts
•  - science of the seas and gulfs ^[20]
  • – study of miracles
• - study of religion
  • • •  - study of motion of heat
•  - study of heat
  •  - science of breeding domestic animals and plants^[21]
•  - science of nutrition
•  - study of tides
•  - study of postage stamps
•  - obstetrics; midwifery
•  - study of childbirth
  • •  - study of places and their natural features
    •  - study of wounds and their effects
      •  - study of gypsies
•  - study of tornadoes
•  - study of blindness and the blind ^[22]
•  - art and technique of arranging type
•  - study of types of things

U

• • • •  - study of rust molds

V

• •  - study of healthy living^[23]
  •  - The study of veins.^[24]
  •  - the art and practice of designing flags
    •  - scientific study of vines and winemaking ^[25]
  •  - The study of vitamins.^[26]
•  - study, art and technology of glassy materials; glassware

W

•  - study of World Wide Web

X

•  - study of biological systems which do not exist in nature

Z

• • •  - study of chemistry of animals
  •  - study of fossil animal remains
  •  - study of animal physiology
•  - study of animal diseases
  •  - Study of physics relating to structure and function of animal organs and bodies.^[27]
•  - study of physiology of animals
•  - study of plant-like animals
•  - study of animal communication
  • •  - science of joining and fastening ^[28]

See also

• List of words ending in ology
• List of sciences
• Science
• Outline of academic disciplines

Notes and References

1. Book: Wilson, E.O. . Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge . Vintage . 1999 . 978-0-679-76867-8 . Reprint . New York . 49–71 . The natural sciences . limited.
2. Book: Heilbron, J.L. . J. L. Heilbron . The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science . Oxford University Press . 2003 . 978-0-19-511229-0 . New York . vii–x . Preface . ...modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions. . etal.
3. abiology. (2024, August 18). Wiktionary. Retrieved 20:05, November 21, 2024 from https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=abiology&oldid=81077778.
4. "Acanthology." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acanthology . Accessed 21 Nov. 2024.
5. Web site: aerodonetics . www.collinsdictionary.com . Collins . 21 November 2024 . 27 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220327105807/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/aerodonetics . live .
6. “Aerolithology.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aerolithology . Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
7. Book: aeropalynology . www.oxfordreference.com . 21 March 2019 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-883333-8 . 22 November 2024 .
8. Web site: Archelogy . Merriam Webster . 13 November 2024 . 29 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929005508/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/archelogy . live .
9. Web site: atmology . www.collinsdictionary.com . Collins . 23 November 2024 . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210428074630/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/atmology . live .
10. “Barodynamics.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/barodynamics. Accessed 22 Nov. 2024.
11. “Barology, N.” Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, July 2023.
12. “Cambistry.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cambistry. Accessed 22 Nov. 2024.
13. Web site: Definition of 'dactyliology' . September 13, 2024 . Collins . Collins English Dictionary.
14. Web site: demology . www.collinsdictionary.com . Collins . 23 November 2024 . 29 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210429122344/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/demology . live .
15. Web site: dosiology . www.collinsdictionary.com. Collins . 23 November 2024 .
16. “Halieutics.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/halieutics . Accessed 24 Nov. 2024.
17. helcology. (2024, July 10). Wiktionary. Retrieved 07:56, November 24, 2024 from https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=helcology&oldid=80676912.
18. “Hypnology.” Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hypnology. Accessed 17 Nov. 2024
19. Necroplanetology: Simulating the Tidal Disruption of Differentiated Planetary Material Orbiting WD 1145+017 . 2020 . 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7fa0 . free . 2003.08410 . Duvvuri . Girish M. . Redfield . Seth . Veras . Dimitri . The Astrophysical Journal . 893 . 2 . 166 . 2020ApJ...893..166D .
20. “Thalassography.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thalassography . Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
21. “Thremmatology.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thremmatology . Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
22. “Typhlology.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/typhlology . Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
23. valeology. (2024, August 19). Wiktionary. Retrieved 12:26, November 23, 2024 from https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=valeology&oldid=81272185.
24. Web site: venology . www.collinsdictionary.com . Collins . 23 November 2024 . 30 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210430212822/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/venology . live .
25. Web site: vinology . www.collinsdictionary.com . Collins . 23 November 2024 . 27 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210427184153/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/vinology . live .
26. “Vitaminology.” Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/vitaminology. Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
27. “Zoophysics.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zoophysics . Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
28. "zygology." Wiktionary. 19 Aug 2024, 06:03 UTC. 23 Nov 2024, 09:00 .