This page is a list of topics in ancient philosophy.
See main article: Ancient philosophy.
Abas (sophist)- Abderites- Academic skepticism- Academy- Acatalepsy- Acrion- Active intellect- Actus et potentia- Acumenus- Adiaphora- Adrastus of Aphrodisias- Adrianus- Aedesia- Aedesius- Aeneas of Gaza- Aenesidemus- Aesara- Aeschines of Neapolis- Aether (classical element)- Aetius (philosopher)- Agapius of Athens- Agathobulus- Agathosthenes- Agrippa the Skeptic- Akrasia- Al-Khazini- Albinus (philosopher)- Alcinous (philosopher)- Alcmaeon of Croton- Alexamenus of Teos- Alexander of Aegae- Alexander of Aphrodisias- Alexandrian school- Alexicrates- Alexinus- Allegory of the Cave- Amafinius- Amelius- Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas- Ammonius Hermiae- Ammonius Saccas- Ammonius of Alexandria (Christian philosopher)- Ammonius of Athens- Amynomachus- Anacharsis- Analects- Analogy of the divided line- Anamnesis (philosophy)- Athanasius of Alexandria- Anaxagoras- Anaxarchus- Anaxilaus- Anaximander- Anaximenes of Miletus- Ancient commentators project- Ancient Egyptian philosophy- Ancient Greek philosophy- Ancient philosophy- Ancient Philosophy (journal)- Androcydes (Pythagorean)- Andronicus of Rhodes- Anima mundi (spirit)- Anniceris- Antigone (Sophocles)- Antiochus of Ascalon- Antipater of Cyrene- Antipater of Tarsus- Antiperistasis- Antiphon (person)- Antisthenes- Antoninus (philosopher)- Apatheia- Apeiron (cosmology)- Apodicticity- Apollodorus the Epicurean- Apollodorus of Seleucia- Apollonian and Dionysian- Apollonius Cronus- Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher)- Apology (Plato)- Apology (Xenophon)- Apology of Aristides- Aponia- Aporia- Aporime- Apuleius- Arab transmission of the Classics to the West- Arcesilaus- Arche- Archedemus of Tarsus- Archelaus (philosopher)- Archestratus (music theorist)- Archimedes- Archytas- Arete- Arete of Cyrene- Arignote- Arimneste- Aristides of Athens- Aristion- Aristippus- Aristippus the Younger- Aristo of Alexandria- Aristo of Ceos- Aristo of Chios- Aristobulus of Paneas- Aristoclea- Aristocles of Messene- Aristocreon- Aristonymus- Aristotelian ethics- Aristotelian physics- Aristotelian view of a god- Aristotelianism- Aristotle- Aristotle of Cyrene- Aristotle of Mytilene- Aristotle for Everybody- Aristotle the Dialectician- Aristotle's theory of universals- Aristotle's views on women- Aristotle's wheel paradox- Aristoxenus- Arius- Arius Didymus- Arnouphis- Arrian- Ars Poetica (Horace)- Asclepiades of Phlius- Asclepiades the Cynic- Asclepigenia- Asclepiodotus (philosopher)- Asclepiodotus of Alexandria- Asclepius of Tralles- Aspasius- Assertoric- Ataraxia- Athenaeus of Seleucia- Athenodoros Cordylion- Athenodorus of Soli- Attalus (Stoic)- Atticus (philosopher)- Titus Pomponius Atticus- Auctoritas- Augoeides- Augustine of Hippo- Aulus Egnatius Priscillianus- Axiochus (dialogue)- Axiothea of Phlius
Quintus Lucilius Balbus- Banausos- Barba non facit philosophum- Basilides (Stoic)- Basilides the Epicurean- Batis of Lampsacus- Becoming (philosophy)- Being- Bhagavad Gita- Bion of Borysthenes- Blossius- Boethius- Boethus of Sidon (Peripatetic)- Boethus of Sidon (Stoic)- Bolus of Mendes- Brontinus- Bryson of Achaea- Bryson of Heraclea
Calcidius- Calippus of Syracuse- Callicles- Calliphon- Calliphon of Croton- Callippus- Callistratus (sophist)- Athenodoros Cananites- Cappadocian Fathers- Cardinal virtues- Carneades- Carneiscus- Cassius Longinus (philosopher)- Categoriae decem- Categories (Aristotle)- Catius- Cato Maior de Senectute- Cato the Elder- Cato the Younger- Cebes- Celestial spheres- Celsus- Cercidas- Cercops- Chaeremon of Alexandria- Chaerephon- Chaeron of Pellene- Chaldean Oracles- Chamaeleon (philosopher)- Chanakya- Chandragomin- Chance (Ancient Greek concept)- Chariot Allegory- Charmadas- Charmides (dialogue)- Chion of Heraclea- Choricius of Gaza- Chrysanthius- Chrysippus- Chunyu Kun- Cicero- City of God (book)- Classical theism- Classics- Cleanthes- Clearchus of Soli- Cleinias of Tarentum- Clement of Alexandria- Cleobulus- Cleomedes- Cleomenes the Cynic- Clinamen- Clinomachus- Clitophon (dialogue)- Colotes- Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca- Commentaries on Aristotle- Commentaries on Plato- Confucius- Consolatio Literary Genre- Constitution of the Athenians- Contra Celsum- Coriscus of Scepsis- Lucius Annaeus Cornutus- Corpus Aristotelicum- Theognostus of Alexandria- Theophilos Corydalleus- Theosophy (history of philosophy)- Crantor- Crates of Athens- Crates of Mallus- Crates of Thebes- Cratippus of Pergamon- Cratylism- Cratylus- Cratylus (dialogue)- Crescens the Cynic- Crinis- Critias (dialogue)- Crito- Critolaus- Cronius the Pythagorean- Cultural influence of Plato's Republic- Cyclic history- Cynic- Cynic epistles- Cyrenaics- Cyropaedia
Daemon (classical mythology)- Damascius- Damis- Damo (philosopher)- Dardanus of Athens- David (commentator)- De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca)- De Coelesti Hierarchia- De Divinatione- De Interpretatione- De Providentia- De Vita Beata- De Legibus- De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum- De Natura Deorum- De Officiis- De finibus bonorum et malorum- De re publica- De rerum natura- Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism- Demetrius Lacon- Demetrius of Phalerum- Demetrius of Amphipolis- Demetrius the Cynic- Demiurge- Democrates- Democritus- Demodocus (dialogue)- Demonax- Derveni papyrus- Dexippus (philosopher)- Diagoras of Melos- Diairesis- Dialogue of Pessimism- Dianoia- Dicaearchus- Dictum de omni et nullo- Dignitas (Roman concept)- Dio Chrysostom- Dio of Alexandria- Diocles of Cnidus- Diodorus Cronus- Diodorus of Adramyttium- Diodorus of Aspendus- Diodorus of Tyre- Diodotus the Stoic- Diogenes of Apollonia- Diogenes of Babylon- Diogenes Laërtius- Diogenes of Oenoanda- Diogenes of Seleucia (Epicurean)- Diogenes of Sinope- Diogenes of Tarsus- Dionysius of Cyrene- Dionysius the Renegade- Dionysius of Chalcedon- Dionysius of Lamptrai- Diotima of Mantinea- Diotimus the Stoic- Disciples of Confucius- Disciples of Plotinus- Discourses of Epictetus- Dissoi logoi- Divine apathy- Domninus of Larissa- Doxa- Doxography- Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori- Dunamis- Dyad (Greek philosophy)- Dynamics of the celestial spheres
Early life of Plato- Echecrates- Economics (Aristotle)- Ecphantus the Pythagorean- Eikasia- Ekpyrôsis- Eleatics- Elias (commentator)- Ellopion of Peparethus- Emanationism- Empedocles- Enchiridion of Epictetus- Endoxa- Energeia- Ephesian school- Epicharmus of Kos- Epictetus- Epicureanism- Epicurus- Epilogism- Epimenides- Epimenides paradox- Epinomis- Episteme- Epistles (Plato)- Epistulae morales ad Lucilium- Epoché- Erastus of Scepsis- Eratosthenes- Eretrian school- Eryxias (dialogue)- Essence- Eternity of the world- Euaeon of Lampsacus- Eubulides- Eubulus (banker)- Euclid- Euclid of Megara- Eudaimonia- Eudemian Ethics- Eudemus of Rhodes- Eudorus of Alexandria- Eudoxus of Cnidus- Euenus- Euhemerus- Euphantus- Euphraeus- Euphrates the Stoic- Eupraxis- Eurytus (Pythagorean)- Eusebius of Myndus- Eustathius of Cappadocia- Euthydemus (dialogue)- Euthymia (philosophy)- Euthyphro- Euthyphro dilemma- Evander (philosopher)- Evenus of Paros
Favorinus- Han Fei- Fifth Letter (Plato)- First Alcibiades- First Letter (Plato)- Form of the Good- Four causes- Michael Frede- Free will in antiquity
Gaius Marius Victorinus- Gaius the Platonist- Galen- Galenic corpus- Gaozi- Gargi Vachaknavi- Gaudapada- Geminus- Generation of Animals- Genshin- Ghosha- Glaucon- Glossary of Stoic terms- Gnaeus Claudius Severus- Gnaeus Claudius Severus Arabianus- Gnosiology- Golden mean (philosophy)- Gongsun Long- Gorgias- Gorgias (dialogue)- Gravitas- Great Year- Greek hero cult- Gregory of Nyssa- Gymnosophists
Hagnon of Tarsus- Halcyon (dialogue)- Han Feizi- Han Yu- Hecataeus of Abdera- Hecato of Rhodes- Hedone- Hegesias of Cyrene- Hegesias of Magnesia- Hegesinus of Pergamon- Hegias- Heliodorus (philosopher)- Heliodorus of Alexandria- Hellenistic philosophy- Hellenistic philosophy and Christianity- Helvidius Priscus- Henology- Henosis- Heraclides Lembus- Heraclides of Aenus- Heraclides Ponticus- Heraclitus- Heraclius the Cynic- Herillus- Hermagoras of Amphipolis- Hermarchus- Hermetica- Hermeticism- Hermias (philosopher)- Hermias of Atarneus- Herminus- Hermippus of Smyrna- Hermocrates (dialogue)- Hermodorus- Hermogenes (philosopher)- Hermotimus of Clazomenae- Hesiod- Hestiaeus of Perinthus- Hexis- Hicetas- Hierius- Hiero (Xenophon)- Hierocles (Stoic)- Hierocles of Alexandria- Hieronymus of Rhodes- Himerius- Hipparchia of Maroneia- Hipparchus (dialogue)- Hippasus- Hippias- Hippias Major- Hippias Minor- Hippo (philosopher)- Hippocrates- Hippocratic Oath- History of Animals- History of ethics in Ancient Greece- Homer- Homonoia- Horror vacui (physics)- Horus (athlete)- Humanitas- Hyle- Hylomorphism- Hypatia- Hypostasis (Neoplatonism)- Hypostasis (philosophy)
I know that I know nothing- I Ching- Iamblichus- Ichthyas- Idios kosmos- Idomeneus of Lampsacus- Illustrius Pusaeus- Inherence- Intellectualism- Intellectual virtue- Intelligible form- Introduction to Arithmetic- Ion (dialogue)- Ion of Chios- Ionian Enlightenment- Ionian School (philosophy)- Isagoge- Isidore of Alexandria- Isocrates- Isonomia
Jason of Nysa- Javelin argument- Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa- Julian the Apostate- Junius Rusticus- Justin Martyr
Kalos kagathos- Katalepsis- Kathekon- Kenoma- Khôra- Kitāb al-Hayawān (Aristotle)- Clitomachus (philosopher)- Know thyself- Kūkai- Kumārila Bhaṭṭa- Kyklos
Laches (dialogue)- Lacydes of Cyrene- Laelius de Amicitia- Laozi- Lastheneia of Mantinea- Law of contraries- Law of excluded middle- Law of identity- Laws (dialogue)- Lazy argument- Legalism (Chinese philosophy)- Leonteus of Lampsacus- Leontion- Leucippus- Lexis (Aristotle)- Liber de Causis- Liezi- Life of Apollonius of Tyana- Linji school- List of Cynic philosophers- List of Epicurean philosophers- List of speakers in Plato's dialogues- List of Stoic philosophers- List of ancient Greek philosophers- List of ancient Platonists- List of philosophers born in the centuries BC- List of works by Lucian- List of writers influenced by Aristotle- Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers- Logos- Longinus (literature)- Lopamudra- Ocellus Lucanus- Lucian- Lucretius- Lyceum- Lyceum (classical)- Lyco of Iasos- Lyco of Troas- Lycophron (Sophist)- Lysis (dialogue)- Lysis of Taras
Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius- Macrocosm and microcosm- Magna Moralia- Magnanimity- Mahavira- Maieutics- Maitreyi- Malakia- Proclus Mallotes- Marcus Aurelius- Marcus Favonius- Marinus of Neapolis- Material monism- Material substratum- Maximus of Ephesus- Maximus of Tyre- Claudius Maximus- Mazdak- Mechanics (Aristotle)- Meditations- Megalothymia and Isothymia- Megarian school- Meleager of Gadara- Meletus- Melissus of Samos- Memorabilia (Xenophon)- Mencius- Mencius (book)- Menedemus- Menedemus of Pyrrha- Menedemus the Cynic- Menexenus (dialogue)- Menippus- Meno- Meno's slave- Messius Phoebus Severus- Metakosmia- Metaphor of the Sun- Metaphysics (Aristotle)- Metaxy- Metempsychosis- Meteorology (Aristotle)- Metrocles- Metrodorus of Athens- Metrodorus of Chios- Metrodorus of Cos- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder)- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger)- Metrodorus of Stratonicea- Middle Platonism- Milesian school- Mimesis- Mind's eye- Minos (dialogue)- Mnason of Phocis- Mnesarchus of Athens- Mochus- Moderatus of Gades- Mohism- Monad (Greek philosophy)- Monimus- Monogenēs- Moral status of animals in the ancient world- Movement of Animals- Mozi- Musica universalis- Myia- Myson of Chenae- Mystical philosophy of antiquity- Myth of Er- Mythos (Aristotle)
Nagarjuna- Natural slavery- Naturales quaestiones- Nausiphanes- Neleus of Scepsis- Nemesius- Neoplatonism- Neoplatonism and Christianity- Neoplatonism and Gnosticism- Neopythagoreanism- Nicarete of Megara- Nicolaus of Damascus- Nicomachean Ethics- Nicomachus- Nicomachus (son of Aristotle)- Nigidius Figulus- Ninth Letter (Plato)- Non-Aristotelian logic- Nous- Numenius of Apamea- Nyaya- Nymphidianus of Smyrna
Oeconomicus- Oenomaus of Gadara- Olympiodorus the Elder- Olympiodorus the Younger- On Divination in Sleep- On Dreams- On Generation and Corruption- On Indivisible Lines- On Length and Shortness of Life- On Marvellous Things Heard- On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias- On Memory- On Nature (Anaximander)- On Nature (Heraclitus)- On Nature (Epicurus)- On Nature (Parmenides)- On Nature (Empedocles)- On Plants- On Sleep- On the Heavens- On the Soul- On the Universe- On Things Heard- On Virtues and Vices- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration- Onasander- Onesicritus- Onatas (philosopher)- Organic unity- Organon- Origen- Origen the Pagan- Orphism (religion)- Orthotes- Ousia- Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen
Paconius Agrippinus- Paired opposites- Palingenesis- Pamprepius- Panaetius- Pancrates of Athens- Panthoides- Paradox of the Court- Parmenides- Parrhesia- Parts of Animals- Pasicles of Thebes- Passive intellect- Patañjali- Pathos- Patro the Epicurean- Paulus Persa- Pelagius- Peregrinus Proteus- Perictione- Peripatetic school- Peritrope- Persaeus- Personal life of Marcus Tullius Cicero- Peter the Iberian- Phaedo- Phaedo of Elis- Phaedrus the Epicurean- Phaleas of Chalcedon- Phanias of Eresus- Phanto of Phlius- Pherecydes of Syros- Philebus- Philia- Philip of Opus- Philiscus of Aegina- Philiscus of Thessaly- Philistus- Philo- Philo the Dialectician- Philo of Larissa- Philo's Works- Philo's view of God- Philodemus- Philolaus- Philonides of Laodicea- John Philoponus- Philosopher king- Philostratus- Phintys- Phronesis- Physics (Aristotle)- Physiognomonics- Physis- Pietas (virtue)- Plank of Carneades- Plato- Plato's five regimes- Plato's four cardinal virtues- Plato's number- Plato's tripartite theory of soul- Platonic Academy- Platonic epistemology- Platonic idealism- Platonic love- Platonic realism- Platonism- Pleonexia- Pleroma- Pliny the Younger- Pliny the Elder- Plotinus- Pluralist school- Plutarch- Plutarch of Athens- Pneuma (Stoic)- Poetics (Aristotle)- Polemarchus- Polemon (scholarch)- Polemon of Athens- Polemon of Laodicea- Politeia- Politics (Aristotle)- Polity (Aristotle)- Polus- Polyaenus of Lampsacus- Polystratus the Epicurean- Porphyrian tree- Porphyry (philosopher)- Posidonius- Posterior Analytics- Potamo of Alexandria- Potentiality and actuality- Practical syllogism- Praxiphanes- Pre-Socratic philosophy- Primum movens- Principle of contradiction- Prior Analytics- Priscian of Lydia- Priscus of Epirus- Problems (Aristotle)- Proclus- Prodicus- Progression of Animals- Prohairesis- Protagoras- Protagoras (dialogue)- Proxenus of Atarneus- Pseudo-Aristotle- Pseudo-Demikristo- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite- Pseudo-Plutarch- Ptolemy-el-Garib- Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus- Publius Egnatius Celer- Pyrrho- Pyrrhonism- Pythagoras- Pythagoreanism- Python of Aenus
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
Rabirius (Epicurean)- Rational animal- Rhetoric (Aristotle)- Rhetoric to Alexander- Ring of Gyges- Rival Lovers- Rota Fortunae- Gaius Musonius Rufus
Sage (Sophos)- Sallustius of Emesa- Samkhyakarika- Satyrus the Peripatetic- Scholarch- School of Names- Scythianus- Second Alcibiades- Second Letter (Plato)- Secundus the Silent- Seneca the Younger- Seneca's Consolations- Sense and Sensibilia (Aristotle)- Sensus communis- Seven Sages of Greece- Seventh Letter (Plato)- Quintus Sextius- Sextus Empiricus- Sextus of Chaeronea- Ship of state- Ship of Theseus- Prince Shōtoku- Simmias of Syracuse- Simmias of Thebes- Simon the Shoemaker- Simplicius of Cilicia- Siro the Epicurean- Sisyphus (dialogue)- Socrates- Socratic dialogue- Socratic method- Socratic paradox- Socratic problem- Socratici viri- Aeschines of Sphettus- Somnium Scipionis- Sopater of Apamea- Sophia (wisdom)- Sophism- Sophist (dialogue)- Sophistical Refutations- Sophos kagathos- Sophrosyne- Sosigenes the Peripatetic- Sosipatra- Sotades- Sotion (Pythagorean)- Species (metaphysics)- Speusippus- Sphaerus- Square of opposition- Statesman (dialogue)- Stephanus pagination- Stilpo- Stoa Poikile- Stoic categories- Stoic passions- Stoic physics- Stoicism- Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta- Strato of Lampsacus- Structure of Plato's Republic- Substance theory- Substantial form- Successions of Philosophers- Sun Tzu- Symposium (Plato)- Symposium (Xenophon)- Synoecism- Syrianus
Table of Opposites- Tacitean studies- Tao Te Ching- Techne- Telauges- Telecles- Teles of Megara- Telos (philosophy)- Tenth Letter (Plato)- Terebinthus- Term logic- Terpsion- Tertullian- Tetractys- Tetrad (Greek philosophy)- Tetrapharmakos- Thales- The Art of War- The Golden Ass- The golden verses of Pythagoras- The Republic (Plato)- The Republic (Zeno)- The Situations and Names of Winds- The Theology of Aristotle- The True Word- Theaetetus (dialogue)- Theagenes of Patras- Theages- Theano (philosopher)- Theia mania- Themista of Lampsacus- Themistius- Theodorus of Asine- Theodorus of Byzantium- Theodorus the Atheist- Theon of Smyrna- Theophrastus- Theory of Forms- Theurgy- Third man argument- Thirteen Classics- Thrasymachus- Thrasymachus of Corinth- Thucydides- Thumos- Timaeus (dialogue)- Timaeus the Sophist- Timaeus of Locri- Timocrates of Lampsacus- Timolaus of Cyzicus- Timon of Phlius- Timycha- Tirukkuṛaḷ- Tiruvalluvar- Titus Albucius- Topics (Aristotle)- Topus Uranus- Tractatus coislinianus- Transmigration of the soul- Triad (Greek philosophy)- Trial of Socrates- Tusculanae Disputationes- Twelfth Letter (Plato)- Apollonius of Tyana- Antipater of Tyre
Udyotakara- Unit-point atomism- Unmoved mover- Upanishads
Vasubandhu- Virtus (virtue)- Vyasa
Wonhyo- Writings of Marcus Tullius Cicero
Xenarchus of Seleucia- Xeniades- Xenocrates- Xenophanes- Xenophilus- Xenophon- Ximen Bao- Xun Zi
Zeno of Citium- Zeno of Elea- Zeno of Sidon- Zeno of Tarsus- Zeno's paradoxes- Zenobius- Zenodotus (philosopher)- Zhuang Zhou- Zhuangzi (book)- Zoilus- Zoroaster- Zou Yan