Sara Duterte Explained

Honorific Prefix:Her Excellency
Sara Duterte
Office1:Vice President of the Philippines
Term Start1:June 30, 2022
Preceded1:Leni Robredo
President1:Bongbong Marcos
Office2:38th Secretary of Education
Term Start2:June 30, 2022
Term End2:July 19, 2024
Preceded2:Leonor Briones
President2:Bongbong Marcos
Office3:30th & 32nd Mayor of Davao City
Term Start3:June 30, 2016
Term End3:June 30, 2022
Predecessor3:Rodrigo Duterte
Successor3:Sebastian Duterte
1Namedata4:Rodrigo Duterte
Term Start4:June 30, 2010
Term End4:June 30, 2013
Predecessor4:Rodrigo Duterte
Successor4:Rodrigo Duterte
Order5:Vice Mayor of Davao City
1Namedata5:Rodrigo Duterte
Term Start5:June 30, 2007
Term End5:June 30, 2010
Predecessor5:Luis Bonguyan
Successor5:Rodrigo Duterte
Office6:Co-Vice Chair of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict
Term Start6:May 10, 2023
Term End6:July 19, 2024
Predecessor6:Position established
Succeeded6:Vacant
Office7:Chairperson of Lakas–CMD
Term Start7:November 17, 2021
Term End7:May 19, 2023
Predecessor7:Bong Revilla
Successor7:Bong Revilla
Office8:Chairperson of Hugpong ng Pagbabago
President8:Claude Bautista
Term Start8:February 23, 2018
Office9:President of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
Term Start9:February 8, 2023
Term End9:July 19, 2024
Predecessor9:Chan Chun Sing
Successor9:TBD
Vicepresident9:Romaizah Mohd Salleh
Birth Name:Sara Zimmerman Duterte
Birth Date:May 31, 1978
Birth Place:Davao City, Philippines
Party:Hugpong ng Pagbabago (2018–present)
Father:Rodrigo Duterte
Mother:Elizabeth Zimmerman
Children:4[1]
Occupation:Politician
Profession:Lawyer
Signature:Sara Duterte Signature.svg
Allegiance: Philippines
Branch: Philippine Army
Serviceyears:2009–present (PAR)
Rank: Colonel
President6:Bongbong Marcos
President7:Martin Romualdez
Order1:15th

Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio (in Tagalog dʊˈtɛɾtɛ/; born May 31, 1978), commonly known as Inday Sara,[2] [3] is a Filipino lawyer and politician who is the 15th and current vice president of the Philippines. She is the third female vice president, the third vice president to come from Mindanao, and the youngest vice president in Philippine history. A daughter of 16th president Rodrigo Duterte, she previously served as the mayor of Davao City from 2016 to 2022, and from 2010 to 2013. She was also Davao City's vice mayor from 2007 to 2010.

Duterte graduated from San Pedro College, initially aiming to pursue a medical career. She attended classes in the College of Law of San Beda College and eventually graduated in San Sebastian College – Recoletos. She was elected as Davao City's vice mayor in 2007, before eventually being elected as the city's mayor from 2010 until 2013, succeeding her father and becoming the youngest and the first female mayor of the city. After her first term ended, she took a brief hiatus, returning to politics in 2016 after being elected again as Davao City mayor and was reelected in 2019. During her second stint as mayor, she initiated the Byaheng DO30 and Peace 911 programs in the city, as well as overseeing the city government's COVID-19 pandemic response. Duterte was also an influential figure in national politics during her father's presidency, forming alliances with several political parties and playing a key role in the ouster of Pantaleon Alvarez as the Speaker of the House of Representatives in 2018.

Duterte ran for the vice presidency in 2022 under Lakas–CMD, becoming the running mate of Bongbong Marcos from the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas under the UniTeam Alliance. Their ticket won in a landslide victory, becoming the first running mate pair to win together since 2004, and the first to be elected by a majority since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1986. Duterte became the vice president on June 30, 2022, and was inaugurated 11 days earlier in Davao City.

As vice president, Duterte concurrently served as the secretary of education and as vice chairperson of an anti-insurgency task force (NTF-ELCAC) but resigned from both positions on June 19, 2024. Despite her initial electoral alliance with Marcos, political observers have noted her increasing absence from public appearances with the president correlating with a growing rift in the Marcos and Duterte political families.[4] [5] [6] [7]

Early life and education

Sara Zimmerman Duterte was born in Davao City on May 31, 1978.[8] She is the second child to then-lawyer later president Rodrigo Duterte and flight attendant Elizabeth Zimmerman. Her maternal grandfather was German American, having fled to the Philippines from the United States.[9]

Growing up in what she called a "broken family",[10] she has spoken of her "love-hate relationship" with her father when she was a student due to her disapproval for his womanizing tendencies and late night habits.[11] [12] Once he left his wife Elizabeth in the 1990s, Sara stayed with her mother, and up to the time she was mayor, Sara considered her relationship with her father as "not very close".[10] Despite this, Rodrigo considered Sara to be his favorite child,[11] and placed high value on the education she and her brothers received.[12] [13]

Duterte attended San Pedro College, majoring in BS Respiratory Therapy, and graduated in 1999;[14] in her inaugural speech as mayor of Davao City, Duterte said she originally wanted to be a pediatrician instead of a politician.[15] She later took up a law degree from San Beda College but transferred to the San Sebastian College – Recoletos, where she graduated in May 2005.[16] In 2005, Duterte passed the Philippine Bar Examination.[17] She then worked for a few months as a court attorney at the office of Supreme Court Associate Justice Romeo Callejo Sr.

Vice mayor of Davao City

Sara's father Rodrigo had admitted to initially keeping his family members from entering "the messy and difficult world of politics", but by December 2006, he expressed that he would like for Sara to run as his running mate in the 2007 mayoral elections due to his concern for corrupt politicians taking over and ruining his legacy.[18] Sara Duterte was elected vice mayor in 2007 with over 330,000 votes, defeating lone opponent Jeff Ho and succeeding Luis Bonguyan.[19] [20] She served under her father for one term until 2010. She also concurrently served as a regional officer of the National Movement of Young Legislators from 2007 to 2010.

As vice mayor, her landmark project was 'Inday para sa Barangay', a whole-of-government approach servicing yearly in each of the city's barangays. It was later called the Caravan of Government Services when she transferred it to the Office of the City Mayor.

Mayor of Davao City

In 2010, Duterte was elected mayor, becoming the first female mayor of the city, as well as being the youngest to have been elected, as she turned 32 years old just weeks after being proclaimed winner.[21] She won over House Speaker Prospero Nograles, her father's political rival, in a lead of 200,000 votes in the 2010 elections. Nograles earlier filed a protest at the Commission on Elections in Manila questioning the results, stating that there was a conspiracy of local poll officials.[22] Vowing to be "useful and to serve the country at all times", she assumed the post that her father Rodrigo held for over 20 years.[23] During her first term, she also served as officer in the National Executive Board of the League of Cities Philippines from 2010 to 2013.

On December 2, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III appointed her as Chairperson of the Regional Development Council (RDC) Region XI. She was the first woman to hold the position and the first to be appointed from the government sector since the reorganization of the council in 1986.[24] [25] As chairperson, she saw the growth of Davao Region’s Gross Regional Domestic Product from 3.9 percent in 2011 to 7.1 percent in 2012.

Duterte decided not to seek re-election in 2013 to give way to her father Rodrigo.[26] She also turned down her father's offer to run for representative of Davao City's 1st district.[27] [28]

Duterte ran again for the mayoralty post for Davao City in the 2016 elections and won the position, succeeding her father for the second time. She had her older brother Paolo, and later Bernard Al-ag, as her vice mayors during this term.[29] [30] She ran for reelection in the 2019 elections and was successful.[31] [32] [33]

After her father won in the 2016 presidential election, Duterte launched the "Tapang at Malasakit" movement composed of Duterte supporters and allies on October 23, 2017.[34] [35] [36]

On February 23, 2018, she launched a new regional party called Hugpong ng Pagbabago (HNP).[37] The party was later approved on July 4, 2018, ahead of the 2019 general elections.[38] HNP also stood as an electoral alliance, fielding candidates from different parties for the senatorial election. Nine out of 13 senatorial candidates won in the election.

Following the creation of HNP, a feud began between Duterte and one of her father's allies, then House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez, citing its formation as an example of the entrenchment of political dynasties in the country. In response, Duterte publicly berated Alvarez and alleged that he has been calling mayors in the Davao Region to tag her as part of the opposition and brag about having the ability to impeach her father, all of which Alvarez denied.[39] Duterte also remarked that "the Philippines will be a better country if he is not Speaker."[40] Months later, Alvarez was unseated as the House Speaker in the 17th Congress, with former president and Pampanga's 2nd district representative Gloria Macapagal Arroyo taking his place. According to her father, she was behind the ousting of Alvarez as speaker, stating that "honest to God, it was Inday who maneuvered it."[41]

Policies

Duterte promoted the city as a tourism and investment destination, introducing the "Davao: Life is Here" tagline to market the city in 2011.[42] During her second stint as mayor, Duterte initiated Byaheng DO30, consisting of 30 projects addressing ten priority sectors which include "education, health, poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, solid waste management and environment, agriculture, investment and tourism, traffic and transport management, disaster risk reduction and management, and peace and order".[43] [44]

Duterte established the Peace 911 program to address the local communist rebellion through a "human-centered" approach, bringing several government services to far-flung areas.[45] [46] The program was first implemented in the Paquibato district before being expanded to other barangays.[46] [47] Her administration also established the Kean Gabriel Hotline for reporting child abuse anonymously.[48]

As Davao City mayor, Duterte garnered an approval rating of 93% according to an independent survey by the RP-Mission and Development Foundation, exceeding her father's highest approval rating when he was mayor at 86% in 2010, and getting the highest rating throughout the country.[49]

COVID-19 pandemic response

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached the city. In response, Duterte created a city task force for COVID-19 and other public health emergencies and instituted several measures to limit the spread of the disease and address the crisis. The city government cancelled several citywide events, ordered the closure of several establishments, and restricted travel and movement in the city.[50] [51] To aid residents affected by the restrictions, the local government provided food packs; most of the city's Bayanihan grant was spent on the purchase of food packs distributed to the city's barangays and for medical workers.[52] Travel restrictions were eased as the number of cases lowered. The local government also established COVID-19 testing centers and isolation facilities.[53] [54] Her administration also oversaw the city's COVID-19 vaccination program when the national government began its vaccination program in early 2021.[55]

Vice presidency (2022–present)

Candidacy and campaign

Sara Duterte
Dipstyle:Her Excellency, The Honorable
Offstyle:Your Excellency
Altstyle:Madame Vice President

Duterte was considered by many political commentators as her father's successor after her role as a powerbroker in the 2019 midterm elections.[56] [57] On July 7, 2021, the People's Reform Party (PRP) signaled their support early on for Duterte's potential presidential run,[58] with Duterte stating two days later that she was open to running for president.[59] On September 9, she said she would not, since her father, the sitting president, would run for vice president, and they agreed that only one should run for a national position.[60] However, he did not file his candidacy for vice president by October 2,[61] but she did not file a candidacy for any national position, running instead for reelection as mayor of Davao City.[62] She later withdrew her candidacy for reelection as Davao City mayor on November 9.[63] Her brother Sebastian, incumbent vice mayor of Davao City, ran in her stead.[64] On November 11, she resigned from Hugpong ng Pagbabago and joined Lakas–CMD in Silang, Cavite.[65] [66] There, she sponsored the wedding of Jed Patricio and Gianna Revilla, the daughter of party chairman and senator Bong Revilla.[67] Six days later, she became the chairperson of Lakas–CMD, succeeding Revilla.[68] On November 19, she rejoined Hugpong ng Pagbabago as its chairperson.[69]

On November 13, she filed her candidacy for Vice President of the Philippines under Lakas–CMD for the 2022 Philippine vice presidential election.[70] She said this was to meet her supporters halfway, who had been previously asking her to run for president, and credited Senator Imee Marcos with convincing her to run for the position.[71] [72] [73] She was then adopted and endorsed by Partido Federal ng Pilipinas as the running mate of former senator Bongbong Marcos,[74] and soon afterwards was endorsed by the PRP.[75] Their alliance was named UniTeam, coined by Senator Imee Marcos.[73]

Duterte became the vice president-elect, winning the election with 32,208,417 votes with a margin of 22 million over her closest rival, Senator Francis Pangilinan.[76] She became the first vice president to be elected by a majority since the 1986 elections and the largest majority since 1969. She also earned the most votes for any office in a single-winner election in Philippine history.[77] She was also the first vice president from Davao City,[78] the youngest to become vice president at the age of 44,[79] the third woman to hold the post after Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Leni Robredo, the third vice president who is a child of a president after Salvador Laurel and Arroyo, the third vice president to come from Mindanao after Emmanuel Pelaez and Teofisto Guingona Jr., and the fourth Cebuano-speaking vice president overall (after Sergio Osmeña, Carlos P. Garcia, and Pelaez). She and Marcos are the first presidential ticket to win together since the 2004 elections.[80] [81]

On May 11, 2022, Marcos announced that Duterte agreed to join his cabinet as Secretary of Education,[82] although she earlier expressed interest in becoming the Secretary of National Defense.[83] According to Duterte, she chose to become the Education secretary instead to avoid "intrigues" about her loyalty to the administration.[84] She was inaugurated in Davao City on June 19, 2022, but only officially started her term on June 30 in accordance with the constitution.[85] [86] At her request, the oath-taking, which was the first in Mindanao for a vice president, was administered by Associate Justice Ramon Paul Hernando, her former professor at San Beda College of Law.[87]

Tenure

Programs and policies

In her first day as the vice president, Duterte established satellite offices for the Office of the Vice President (OVP) in Cebu City, Dagupan, Davao City, Tacloban, Tandag, and Zamboanga City.[88] The seat of the Office of the Vice President would then be transferred from Quezon City Reception House to Cybergate Plaza in Mandaluyong,[89] which is closer to the headquarters of the Department of Education (DepEd) in Pasig where she also holds office as its secretary.[90] [91] Duterte plans to establish a permanent office for the position.[92]

On August 3, 2022, Duterte, alongside the Department of Transportation, launched the Libreng Sakay Program of the OVP, providing free rides as an effort to decongest the roads during peak hours. It initially launched five buses bestowed by the department,[93] deploying two in Metro Manila (plying the EDSA Carousel route) and one each in Bacolod, Cebu (plying Mandaue, Lapu-Lapu City, and Cebu City), and Davao City.[94]

On October 9, 2022, Duterte - in collaboration with the DepEd and the Department of Health (DOH) - began deploying "Kalusugan Food Trucks" in select areas nationwide to address malnutrition among school children, wherein the trucks regularly stop at identified schools and institutions with malnutrition and hunger problems among children, with the project following a 120-day feeding program menu recommended by the DOH's National Nutrition Council.[95]

On March 9, 2023, Duterte launched the "Mag Negosyo Ta 'Day" program which aims to financially support women and LGBTQIA+ members, alongside other marginalized sectors, by facilitating a business-friendly environment and encouraging the growth of micro, small, and medium enterprises. The program was adopted by the OVP from Duterte's similar initiative during her tenure as mayor of Davao City.[96]

Following her designation as the co-vice chairperson of the NTF-ELCAC on May 11, 2023, she issued a warning to communist rebels and said the rebels' "so-called protracted war" must end.[97] On May 29, Duterte kicked off a nationwide distribution of one million bags containing school supplies and dental kits as well as the planting of one million trees under the OVP's “PagbaBAGo: A Million Learners and Trees” program. In partnership with DepEd and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the campaign promotes education and provides a dental hygiene kit to school children, while giving them environmental care lessons through tree planting. As of October 2023, a total of 64,860 PagbaBAGo bags were distributed by the OVP to school children and planted 178,167 trees.[98] [99]

From July 2022 to October 2023, Duterte's OVP was able to provide worth of medical assistance to 106,958 beneficiaries, with the office's burial assistance program providing worth of assistance to 22,470 families. Within the same time period, the office's Libreng Sakay Program served 523,263 commuters in Metro Manila, 89,605 commuters in Bacolod City, 60,409 commuters in Davao City, and 99,633 commuters in Cebu City. The OVP's Disaster Operations Center also conducted 162 relief operations and extended assistance worth to 115,045 families in times of disasters and calamities.

Foreign trips

Vice President Duterte made a visit to Japan on September 26–27, 2022 as the Philippine's Special Envoy to the state funeral of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. During her visit, she conducted several education-related activities as she visited an elementary school in Japan and met with officials from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to discuss matters on blended learning, values and skill formation, STEM education, and COVID-response. Duterte also met with several Japanese officials and paid a courtesy call on Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, wherein Kishida committed to further strengthening Japan-Philippine relations under the Marcos administration, while relaying Japan's plan to facilitate the improvement of agricultural and fisheries value chains and the collection of small arms and light weapons in Mindanao, as well as render educational support for junior government officers of the Philippines to study in Japan.[100] [101]

In line with her duties as president of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization, Duterte visited Brunei in June 2023 wherein she met with the crown prince, the education minister, and some overseas Filipino workers (OFWs). The field of sports and integrating technology within the education curriculum were discussed between the two countries during her visit.[102] On June 13–14, Duterte made a visit to Singapore wherein she met with President Halimah Yacob, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, and other officials to discuss the strong bilateral relationship between both countries. Vice President Duterte also visited the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Language Centre.[103]

Duterte then made an official visit to South Korea in September 2023 in order to serve as keynote speaker at the Global Education and Innovation Summit where she spoke about the disruption caused by the pandemic as well as the uncertainties posed by the boom of artificial intelligence. Afterwards, she met with South Korean Deputy Prime Minister and Education Minister Lee Ju-ho to discuss opportunities for cooperation in learning advancements.[104] [105]

In February 2024, Duterte made a visit to Malaysia, wherein she underscored the need to push for "flagship projects" for teachers and learners as she met with Malaysian Minister of Education Fadhlina Sidek and Deputy Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Fadillah Yusof. She also visited TROPMED School in the SEAMEO Center and Setapak Vocational College.[106]

Secretary of Education (2022–2024)

As concurrent Education Secretary, Duterte was responsible for planning further the transition to the resumption of mandatory face-to-face classes at all basic education schools in the Philippines, which was put on hold since 2020 due to the risks brought out by the COVID-19 pandemic, for the school year 2022–2023.[107] She issued her first department order, the Department Order No. 034 dated July 11, 2022, wherein schools may either opt for five-day in-person classes or blended modality from the opening of classes on August 22 to October 31 before shifting to mandatory in-person classes observing physical distancing when necessary by November 2 onwards.[108] [109] She also declared that school uniforms and vaccination among students would be optional for the upcoming school year.[110] [111] She also mulled institutionalizing blended learning only in select schools and areas with special circumstances, including schools with possibly unrepaired or unfinished buildings.[112] Earlier, before taking office, Duterte also called the reinstatement of the mandatory Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), which would later gain more support especially from legislators and government officials.[113]

On November 25, 2022, Duterte established the Learner Rights and Protection Office (LRPO) under DepEd and launched its Telesafe Contact Center Helpline to address child abuse and strengthen child protection.[114]

On January 20, 2023, Duterte presented the “current state” of the country's basic education through the Basic Education Report (BER) 2023, wherein she identified the challenges faced by the Department of Education (DepEd) when it comes to the delivery of basic education among Filipino learners, while outlining the plans that are set to be implemented by the department.[115] As the Secretary of Education, Duterte was elected as the President of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) succeeding Singapore's Education Minister, Chan Chun Sing, on February 8, 2023, during the 52nd SEAMEO Council Meeting held in Manila.[116]

To maintain a learning-focused environment and ensure teachers are not burdened with non-work-related matters, in March 2023, Duterte signed a department order prohibiting teachers from joining volunteer work and extracurricular activities during school hours.[117] In May that year, she said she intended to include mandatory scouting in the K-12 curriculum for young Filipino boys to instill in them an enduring love for the country.[118]

In July 2023, Duterte adopted a National Learning Recovery Program that underscores the need to address learning losses among students caused by the COVID-19 pandemic's disruption of in-person schooling. Under DepEd's learning recovery program designed to improve students’ numeracy and literacy and strengthen the education sector's learning recovery, the department will roll out a national reading program, national mathematics program, and a national science and technology program, as well as a voluntary learning camp covering all subjects during the school break from July to August.[119] During Duterte's tenure as Secretary of Education, the DepEd launched in August 2023 a new "less congested" and revised version of K–12, called the "Filipino; Pilipino: Matatag curriculum". This version of the K–12 reduced the learning areas for students from seven to five, and removed Mother Tongue as a separate subject; it also emphasized a "Filipino; Pilipino: Makabansa" learning area to instill Filipino identity and nationalism among students. It will be implemented in phases from 2024 to 2028 on Kinder and Grades 1 to 10.[120] The Filipino; Pilipino: Matatag curriculum pilot implementation was well received by teachers, students, and parents.[121] [122] The Matatag Agenda and the Basic Education Development Plan 2030 as formulated by the DepEd under Duterte was approved by President Marcos as the national policy and plan for basic education on April 27, 2024.[123] Under Duterte's leadership, the Philippines ranked bottom among 64 countries in the creative thinking assessment of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), with a mean score of 14, compared to the global average of 33, although while the rankings were released under her tenure as Education Secretary, the assessment for which the rankings are based on were done in May 2022, which was before her term.[124] [125]

In time for the National Teacher's Month celebration on September 5, 2023, Duterte announced that school teachers nationwide will have a 30-day straight break without volunteer work for the School Year 2023–2024.[126]

In September 2023, the DepEd signed a memorandum of agreement with the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) establishing more express lanes in the GSIS central office and all its branches nationwide that would exclusively cater to teachers and DepEd personnel regarding their access to GSIS services.[127] Following reports citing the Commission on Audit which flagged DepEd for failing to remit nearly P5 billion in premium contributions and loan amortizations to the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) in 2022, which it warned could lead to unwarranted penalties or lost benefits for DepEd personnel, the DepEd stated in December 2023 that it has conducted reconciliation activities with the GSIS regarding its balance at all levels of the department, including its regional offices.[128]

Other reforms implemented by Duterte as education secretary was the establishment of a procurement strand within the department to streamline service delivery and resource acquisition, as well as the creation of a school infrastructure and facilities strand to tackle the shortage of classrooms and equipment, which resulted in the construction of 2,201 classrooms, 45 Last Mile School classrooms, and 880 health facilities by the end of 2023.[129] Under her tenure, satellite internet was provided to 2,000 schools, while 25 schools were selected for Starlink connections as of 2023. The DepEd also introduced Digital Education Learning Carts and mobile computer labs equipped with laptops, charging carts, and Smart TVs in an aim of enhancing the learners’ learning experiences. She had also signed a memorandum of agreement with non-profit organization Go Negosyo in November 2023 to teach Filipino youth about business and agriculture through various programs.[130]

On January 25, 2024, Duterte delivered her second Basic Education Report.[131] The following day, Duterte signed DepEd Order No. 2, s. 2024, which ordered the immediate removal of administrative tasks from teachers’ workloads with the aim of enabling teachers to maximize their time in actual classroom teaching.[132] This was then augmented by the signing of DepEd Order No. 5, s. 2024 on April 30 which approved a more streamlined and classroom-based work, as well as specific ancillary tasks for all public school teachers nationwide. The order limits teachers' work hours to eight hours a day, six of which are devoted to actual classroom teaching while the remaining two is reserved for ancillary tasks.[133]

On May 10, 2024, the DepEd signed a Joint Memorandum Circular with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) for the country's Senior High School graduates to be provided with free national certification assessments, the accreditation of DepEd senior high schools as assessment centers, along with the training and certification of technical vocational livelihood (TVL) teachers as Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) competency assessors, as a means of boosting the employment opportunities of the country's senior high school students.[134]

Duterte resigned as Education Secretary and formally handed over the post to her successor, Senator Sonny Angara, on July 18, 2024.[135]

Rift between Marcos and the House

On May 19, 2023, Duterte resigned from Lakas–CMD, stating that her leadership "cannot be poisoned by political toxicity." Her resignation came a few days after her political ally Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, was demoted from her senior deputy speaker position in the House of Representatives[136] [137] following rumors that Arroyo allegedly planned to unseat Bongbong Marcos' cousin, House Speaker Martin Romualdez.[138]

During the plenary deliberations for the 2024 national budget in September 2023, Duterte requested Congress for confidential and intelligence funds worth million for the OVP and million for the DepEd. However, these requests came under question by the Philippine House Committee on Appropriations and the Philippine Senate Committee on Finance when reports from the Commission on Audit revealed that the OVP under her tenure had spent its million worth of confidential funds in 2022 in just 11 days. Duterte dismissed claims that these funds were used inappropriately.[139] In November 2023, Duterte eventually dropped both of her requests for confidential funds in response to the request being "divisive".[140]

In early 2024, Duterte lamented that she was being subjected to an intensified "demolition job" meant to destroy her reputation as a public servant.[141] Amid a worsening rift between the Marcos and Duterte political clans, on June 19, 2024, Duterte resigned as Secretary of Education and co-vice chairperson of the NTF-ELCAC. Shortly after, Marcos announced that Senator Sonny Angara would replace Duterte as the new DepEd Secretary.[142] Duterte's resignation took effect on July 19, 2024.[143]

Duterte skipped watching Marcos's State of the Nation Address (SONA) on July 22, 2024, and has appointed herself as the "designated survivor", a term she did not elaborate but is related to a contingency plan in the United States presidential line of succession.[144] During Marcos' SONA, she went to Bohol for Bohol Day and attended the wake of Bohol Vice Governor Dionisio Victor Balite, who died on July 17.[145] A day after Marcos' SONA, the Philippine National Police (PNP) relieved all 75 police officers previously assigned for Duterte's security,[146] reducing her from a record-high of around 400—the most for any Philippine vice president in history.[147] Despite the recall, she still retains over 300 security personnel, more than those assigned to Marcos.[148] She described the recall as “a clear case of political harassment” and accused PNP Chief Rommel Marbil of lying. Marbil added that the recall was due to the absence of security threats against her and denied any "political pressure" influencing the decision.[149] [150]

On August 7, 2024, Duterte publicly criticised the Marcos government and the House of Representatives over issues such as failures in disaster management, policing, healthcare reform, and the possible involvement of the International Criminal Court in investigating the Philippine drug war spearheaded by her father as president.[151]

Controversies

On July 1, 2011, Duterte gained national attention when she punched Abe Andres, a Davao City Regional Trial Court sheriff, over the demolition of shanties in Barangay Kapitan Tomas Monteverde Sr., Agdao, Davao City. She had earlier asked the court and the demolition team to delay the demolition. But Andres refused her request and pushed through with the violent demolition which made her furious.[152] On July 11, Sheriffs Confederation of the Philippines Inc. filed a complaint against Duterte in connection to the incident.[153] On June 28, 2012, almost a year after the incident, she publicly apologized to Andres and his family.[154]

In September 2022, Duterte received criticism for allegations that she was using the official presidential helicopter, a Bell 412, for personal trips to visit her children in Davao. These allegations surfaced after Duterte thanked President Marcos and the 250th Presidential Airlift Wing in a Facebook post for ensuring that she could be at home in time with her children "wherever she may be found in the country". The Philippine Air Force clarified that the Vice President is authorized to use helicopters from the 250th for official functions, denying rumors that Duterte used the helicopter to visit her children in Davao.[155]

On July 24, 2024, Duterte left the country for Germany for a personal trip with her mother, husband, and children amidst the southwestern monsoon, enhanced by Typhoon Gaemi (locally called Carina), which caused significant rainfall and affected Luzon. She had received travel authority from the Office of the President on July 9. The OVP noted that while the trip's timing was unfortunate, the Disaster Operations Center remained ready to aid those affected by the typhoon, including a relief operation in Quezon City.[156] Duterte revealed that during her trip to Germany, she spent her time with family and met with the Filipino community group Hakbang ng Maisug International Germany (HMIG) in Munich.[157] Her departure faced criticism from netizens and Representative Edcel Lagman (Albay–1st) for perceived insensitivity during the crisis,[158] [159] though Senator Imee Marcos defended her, stating that Duterte didn't know that there would be a storm.[160]

Political positions

Communism

Duterte opposes government peace talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army-National Democratic Front (CPP-NPA-NDF). After the Marcos administration agreed to resume peace talks with the CPP-NPA-NDF, Duterte, in December 2023, called the peace talks "a pact with the devil", warning that the communist rebels were insincere in reaching a settlement with the government.[161]

South China Sea territorial disputes

Duterte has been noted for not issuing explicit statements on the dispute between the Philippines and China in the South China Sea. She has declined to comment on the matter, instead deferring people to the Department of Affairs and the Department of National Defense when queried on such matters.[162] [163] For this, she received criticism by some officials, including by allies of Marcos in the House of Representatives[164] [165] and Philippine Coast Guard spokesperson for the West Philippine Sea Jay Tarriela.[166] [167] President Bongbong Marcos defended Duterte, saying "that's not the role of the Vice President or the Secretary of Education to talk about China".[168]

Apollo Quiboloy

Duterte has expressed support for religious leader and her father's ally, Apollo Quiboloy, who has been indicted by the FBI and is the subject of various probes by the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives over allegations of sexual abuse and human trafficking, among other things.[169] [170] Duterte stated that the probes conducted by the Philippine Congress were "unjust" and "violent", and deprived Quiboloy of due process.[171] Following the serving of arrest warrants of Quiboloy in June 2024, Duterte called for a just and humane law enforcement following what she described as the use of excessive force by the police.[172] [173]

Personal life

Duterte met Manases "Mans" Carpio while she was attending San Beda College (now San Beda University); they married in Santuario de San Antonio, Forbes Park, Makati on October 27, 2007.[11] Although news reports have often mentioned that they have three children,[174] [175] [176] [177] Duterte had issued a statement in July 2024 mentioning that they have four children.[1] Manases, a nephew of Ombudsman Conchita Carpio-Morales and Supreme Court Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio,[178] [179] is a legal counsel for Lapanday Foods Corporation.[180] [181]

Duterte also hosted television programs such as Una Ka BAI and Byaheng DO30 on GMA Davao, the local station of GMA Network. The latter also expanded its airing across Mindanao via GMA Regional TV and internationally via GMA News TV International.[182]

During her political hiatus from 2013 to 2016, Duterte devoted her time as one of the partner lawyers of Carpio & Duterte Lawyers. Planning to join the judiciary, she also passed the Pre-Judicature Program of the Philippine Judicial Academy.[183] Duterte was elected as one of the governors of the Philippine Red Cross in 2014.[184] Duterte is a reserve officer in the Armed Forces of the Philippines with the rank of colonel, being confirmed on March 11, 2020.

In October 2015, to convince her father to run for president in the 2016 Philippine presidential elections despite his reluctance due to lack of campaign funds and political machinery, she shaved her head.[185] [186] On April 18, 2016, in connection with the rape remark made by her father Rodrigo on one of his presidential candidacy campaigns, Duterte took to her Instagram account to admit that she was once a rape victim.[187] However, Rodrigo Duterte dismissed his daughter's admission and referred to her as a "drama queen".[188]

On March 10, 2022, she told supporters at a meet-and-greet that she was part of the LGBT community, with her gender expression being male.[189] Duterte's statement was met with some skepticism by the left-wing LGBT rights group Bahaghari Philippines.[190]

See also

External links

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Notes and References

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  2. News: June 28, 2010 . Mayor wants to be called 'Inday Sara' . SunStar . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180623/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/mayor-wants-be-called-inday-sara . April 16, 2014.
  3. Web site: Not 'VP-Secretary', or 'Secretary-VP': Duterte prefers her title to be just simply 'Inday Sara' . July 23, 2022 . Manila Bulletin . July 19, 2022 . en-US . July 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220722162917/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/19/not-vp-secretary-secretary-vp-duterte-prefers-her-title-just-simply-inday-sara/ . live .
  4. News: De Leon. Dwight. Uniteam divided: The politicians in opposing Sunday rallies in Manila and Davao. July 14, 2024. Rappler. Rappler Inc.. January 29, 2024. After her stage appearance at the Quirino Grandstand, Duterte left the 'Bagong Pilipinas' rally before the main program even started to fly to Davao City to attend the candlelight prayer rally against charter change..
  5. News: Cabuenas. Jon Viktor D.. VP Sara Duterte says she remains 'friendly' with Marcos; resignation in DepEd's best interest. July 14, 2024. GMA News Online. GMA Network. June 23, 2024. Moving forward, Duterte said she will focus her efforts on her role as Vice President..
  6. News: Erram. Morexette Marie B.. President Marcos attends Palaro opening but VP Sara a no show. July 14, 2024. Cebu Daily News. INQUIRER.net. July 9, 2024. Cebu City, Philippines.
  7. News: Cabato. Luisa. A first: Sara to skip Marcos' Sona, names self 'designated survivor'. July 14, 2024. Inquirer News. INQUIRER.net. July 11, 2024. Manila, Philippines.
  8. News: May 30, 2021 . Pre-2016 all over again? Bongbong Marcos visits Sara Duterte in Davao City . Rappler . live . May 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210530175411/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/bongbong-imee-marcos-meet-sara-duterte-davao-city . May 30, 2021 . Sara is turning 43 on Monday, May 31..
  9. News: VP Sara and the myth of the Jewish ancestor. The Freeman. Todd Sales Lucero. June 28, 2023.
  10. Rappler. The Mayors Duterte. April 4, 2012. YouTube. Google LLC. August 12, 2024. 4:20. We're not very close. We're not very close because I come from a broken family, eh. So the time that the marriage broke up, I went with my mother..
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  17. Web site: 2005 SUCCESSFUL BAR EXAMINEES, PHILIPPINE BAR EXAMINATIONS - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY. November 17, 2021. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117134726/https://www.chanrobles.com/2005successfulbarexaminees.htm#.YZT__2BBzIU. live.
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  25. News: Sara thanks Aquino for RDC chairmanship. January 6, 2011. August 29, 2022. The Durian Post. August 29, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220829041852/https://durianburgdavao.com/2011/01/06/sara-thanks-aquino-for-rdc-chairmanship/. live.
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  30. Web site: Mellejor . Lilian . Davao City vice mayor to retire from politics . live . January 15, 2022 . www.pna.gov.ph . en . January 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220115090715/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051112 .
  31. Web site: October 12, 2018 . You are being redirected... . November 1, 2018 . SunStar . November 9, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181109070935/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1768917 . live .
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  33. News: October 17, 2018 . President's youngest son Baste joins Davao politics . Davao Today . November 21, 2018 . November 21, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181121204201/http://davaotoday.com/main/politics/presidents-youngest-son-baste-joins-davao-politics/ . live .
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  35. News: Sara Duterte 'invites' Tindig Pilipinas to make PH 'a better one'. Roxas. Pathricia Ann. October 28, 2017. October 23, 2013. October 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171029013211/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/939982/sara-duterte-tapang-at-malasakit-tindig-pilipinas-apolitical. live.
  36. News: Tapang at Malasakit coalition calls for end to 'destructive politicking'. Rappler. October 28, 2017. October 28, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171028061329/https://www.rappler.com/nation/186118-tapang-malasakit-coalition-launch-sara-duterte. live.
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  45. Web site: October 18, 2020 . Davao reactivates Peace 911 initiative in Paquibato District . June 16, 2022 . . en . April 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220430055910/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1118922 . live .
  46. Web site: Cayon . Manuel . January 19, 2022 . Groups hold literacy trainings in Davao City's 'Peace 911' area Manuel Cayon . June 16, 2022 . BusinessMirror . en-US . April 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220421140200/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/01/19/groups-hold-literacy-trainings-in-davao-citys-peace-911-area/ . live .
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  75. News: Miriam's PRP adopts Mayor Sara as its VP candidate for 2022 polls. Rosario. Ben. Manila Bulletin. November 17, 2021. November 17, 2021. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117063757/https://mb.com.ph/2021/11/17/miriams-prp-adopts-mayor-sara-as-its-vp-candidate-for-2022-polls/. live.
  76. News: Cervantes . Filane Mikee . May 25, 2022 . Marcos, Duterte proclaimed winners in PH's fastest vote count . Philippine News Agency . June 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220525134715/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175224 . May 25, 2022.
  77. News: Cabato . Regine . Westfall . Sammy . May 10, 2022 . Marcos family once ousted by uprising wins Philippines vote in landslide . . live . May 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510073822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/10/philippines-presidential-election-result-ferdinand-bongbong-marcos/ . May 10, 2022.
  78. News: VP Sara's inauguration historic for Davaoeños . Manila Times . June 21, 2022 . June 28, 2022 . June 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220622201200/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/21/news/regions/vp-saras-inauguration-historic-for-davaoeos/1848136 . live .
  79. News: June 19, 2022 . Duterte-Carpio sworn in as Philippines' 15th vice president . Xinhua News Agency . June 20, 2022 . June 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033846/http://english.news.cn/20220619/9d1e7ec4020f4c69a4585e8de757d4a4/c.html . live.
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  81. News: Verizon . Cliff . May 25, 2022 . Marcos officially declared Philippines' next president . Nikkei Asia . May 29, 2022 . June 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033842/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Philippine-elections/Marcos-officially-declared-Philippines-next-president . live.
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  83. Web site: Galvez . Daphne . January 24, 2022 . Marcos says Sara Duterte wants the job of Defense chief . November 1, 2022 . INQUIRER.net . en . November 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221101162002/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1544480/marcos-says-sara-duterte-wants-to-be-defense-secretary . live .
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  87. News: June 19, 2022 . Sara takes oath as VP before Marcos inauguration . . June 20, 2022 . June 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220619141432/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/06/19/455939/sara-takes-oath-as-vp-before-marcos-inauguration/ . live.
  88. Web site: July 2, 2022 . Inday Sara opens regional offices for OVP services . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220702141302/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/02/inday-sara-opens-regional-offices-for-ovp-services/ . July 2, 2022 . July 2, 2022 . Manila Bulletin . en-US.
  89. Web site: Balancio . Joyce . July 26, 2022 . Sara Duterte names staff in OVP, DepEd . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728083455/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/26/22/sara-duterte-names-staff-in-ovp-deped . July 28, 2022 . July 28, 2022 . ABS-CBN News.
  90. News: July 6, 2022 . Sara Duterte to transfer OVP to Mandaluyong, says source . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709234317/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/837307/sara-duterte-to-transfer-ovp-to-mandaluyong-says-source/story/ . July 9, 2022 . July 10, 2022 . GMA News.
  91. News: July 9, 2022 . OVP 'preparing to move' to Mandaluyong - spox . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220710014127/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/837638/ovp-preparing-to-move-to-mandaluyong-spox/story/ . July 10, 2022 . July 10, 2022 . GMA News.
  92. Web site: Galvez . Daphne . July 27, 2022 . VP Duterte eyes permanent home, office for succeeding VPs, staff . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728081953/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635588/vp-duterte-eyes-permanent-home-office-for-succeeding-vps-staff . July 28, 2022 . July 28, 2022 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  93. News: Antonio . Raymund . August 3, 2022 . OVP deploys 5 buses in 'Libreng Sakay' program . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807145121/https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/03/ovp-deploys-5-buses-in-libreng-sakay-program/ . August 7, 2022 . August 7, 2022 . Manila Bulletin.
  94. News: Sevillano . Stephanie . August 3, 2022 . OVP libreng sakay starts fruitful govt-private collab: VP Sara . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807143619/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180508 . August 7, 2022 . August 7, 2022 . Philippine News Agency.
  95. Web site: Ronda . Rainer Allan . October 9, 2022 . OVP To Deploy Food Trucks For School Kids . One News PH.
  96. Web site: INQUIRER.net . March 9, 2023 . VP Duterte launches entrepreneurship program for women, LGBTQIA+ in Laguna . July 22, 2024 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  97. News: Ombay . Giselle . Casilao . Joahna Lei . May 11, 2023 . Sara issues stern warning vs communists as she takes on new role as NTF-ELCAC co-vice chair . https://web.archive.org/web/20230513103029/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/869725/sara-issues-stern-warning-vs-communists-as-she-takes-on-new-role-as-ntf-elcac-co-vice-chair/story/ . May 13, 2023 . May 13, 2023 . . en.
  98. Web site: Marcelo . Elizabeth . OVP begins school bag distribution, tree planting . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  99. Web site: Alcober . Neil . December 12, 2023 . Sara trumpets OVP accomplishments . July 22, 2024 . Daily Tribune . en.
  100. Web site: September 29, 2022 . Sara Duterte holds education-related activities during Japan trip . July 22, 2024 . GMA News Online . en.
  101. Web site: Giselle . Ombay . September 27, 2022 . Sara Duterte arrives in Japan, discusses Philippines-Japan relations with PM Kishida . July 22, 2024 . GMA News Online . en.
  102. Web site: Mangaluz . Jean . June 13, 2023 . Duterte sees crown prince, education minister, and OFWs in Brunei . July 22, 2024 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  103. Web site: Visit of Her Excellency Sara Zimmerman Duterte, Vice President and Secretary of Education of the Republic of the Philippines, 13 to 14 June 2023 . July 22, 2024 . www.mfa.gov.sg . en.
  104. Web site: September 22, 2023 . Student joins VP Sara Duterte in official visit to South Korea . ABS-CBN News.
  105. Web site: September 21, 2023 . Level up sa edukasyon! Sara Duterte meets with Korean counterpart in Seoul . July 22, 2024 . politiko.com.ph . en-US.
  106. Web site: Sevillano . Stephani . February 13, 2024 . VP Sara pushes for teacher educ, learners welfare in Malaysia visit . Philippine News Agency.
  107. News: Mandatory F2F classes to push thru -VP Sara. Jerome Carlo. Paunan. July 15, 2022. August 16, 2022. Philippine Information Agency. August 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220816135230/https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/07/15/mandatory-f2f-classes-to-push-thru-vp-sara. live.
  108. News: DepEd eyes full F2F classes by November: PBBM. Stephanie. Servillano. July 5, 2022. August 16, 2022. Philippine Information Agency. August 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220815103429/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1178281. live.
  109. Web site: Department Order No. 034 s. 2022: School Calendar and Activities for the School Year 2022-2023. July 11, 2022. August 16, 2022. August 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220816163640/https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/DO_s2022_034.pdf. live.
  110. News: Uniforms not required for this coming school year: DepEd. Stephanie. Sevillano. July 18, 2022. August 7, 2022. Philippine News Agency. August 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220816135333/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179200. live.
  111. News: Sara Duterte: Vaccination not required for students. Nicholas. Yong. July 15, 2022. August 7, 2022. Yahoo! News. August 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220815072352/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/sara-duterte-vaccination-not-required-for-students-075954508.html. live.
  112. News: Sara Mulls Institutionalizing Blended Learning; F2F Classes To Push Through On Nov. 2. Janvic. Mateo. August 16, 2022. July 21, 2022. One News. March 22, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230322162641/https://www.onenews.ph/articles/sara-mulls-institutionalizing-blended-learning-f2f-classes-to-push-through-on-nov-2. live.
  113. News: VP Sara's mandatory ROTC call gains more support. Stephanie. Servillano. June 27, 2022. August 16, 2022. Philippine Information Agency. August 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220816135332/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177621. live.
  114. Web site: Bautista . Jane . November 25, 2022 . DepEd launches anti-child abuse helpline . July 22, 2024 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  115. Web site: DepEd identifies challenges in basic education through BER 2023 . July 22, 2024 . Manila Bulletin . en.
  116. News: Sentillas . Emiljohn Columna . April 11, 2023 . Philippines takes the lead in the 52nd SEAMEO Council Conference . https://web.archive.org/web/20230315100258/https://www.seameo.org/Main_news/400 . March 15, 2023 . June 19, 2024 . SEAMEO Secretariat . Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization.
  117. News: Hernando-Malipot . Merlina . Teachers 'not allowed' to join volunteer work, extracurricular activities during school hours --- DepEd . May 13, 2023 . . March 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230513104707/https://mb.com.ph/2023/03/30/teachers-not-allowed-to-join-volunteer-work-extracurricular-activities-during-school-hours-dep-ed . May 13, 2023 . en.
  118. News: Ombay . Giselle . VP Sara mulls adding mandatory scouting in DepEd curriculum . May 13, 2023 . . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511152525/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/869758/vp-sara-mulls-adding-mandatory-scouting-in-deped-curriculum/story/ . May 11, 2023 . en.
  119. Web site: Chi . Cristina . DepEd to launch reading, math and science programs in learning recovery plan . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  120. News: Balancio . Joyce . DepEd launches adjusted K to 10 curriculum with 'mother tongue' no longer as a separate subject . August 12, 2023 . . August 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230810115716/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/10/23/adjusted-k-to-10-curriculum-launched-whats-in-whats-out . August 10, 2023.
  121. News: Oliverio . Niña Mae C. . Matatag Curriculum receives positive response from parents, teachers on pilot test . June 23, 2024 . . October 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231004035558/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/531145/matatag-curriculum-receives-positive-response-from-parents-teachers-on-pilot-test . October 4, 2023 . en.
  122. News: Fuentes . Kaiser Jan . K-10 pilot implementation receives 'positive feedback' . June 23, 2024 . . February 11, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240211011137/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/k-10-pilot-implementation-receives-positive-feedback . February 11, 2024 . en.
  123. Web site: Flores . Helen . President Marcos OKs DepEd's basic education plan, other measures . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  124. Web site: Chi . Cristina . Philippines ranks at the bottom of new PISA test on creative thinking . June 19, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  125. Web site: On Philippines' participation in PISA 2022 Department of Education . July 22, 2024 . en-US . "DepEd shall provide further details on the conduct of PISA in the country in a press conference dedicated for the purpose, after completion of the assessment in May 2022.".
  126. Web site: DepEd sets 30-day straight break for teachers this school year . July 22, 2024 . Manila Bulletin . en.
  127. News: September 25, 2023 . GSIS vows better customer service for teachers, DepEd personnel . July 22, 2024 . GMA Integrated News . en. Giselle. Ombay.
  128. News: Chi . Cristina . DepEd in talks with GSIS to reconcile billions in unremitted premiums . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  129. Web site: 'Biyaheng DepEd 2023': A year of prioritizing students' recovery, safety, empowerment . July 22, 2024 . Manila Bulletin . en.
  130. Web site: VP Sara Duterte partners with Go Negosyo to foster youth entrepreneurship . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  131. Web site: Servallos . Alexis Romero,Neil Jayson . Marcos Jr. lauds DepEd, cites gains under Sara . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  132. Web site: Sarao . Zacarian . January 26, 2024 . DepEd officially orders immediate removal of admin tasks from teachers . July 22, 2024 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  133. Web site: Alcober . Neil . May 1, 2024 . DepEd hands teachers streamlined workload . July 22, 2024 . Daily Tribune . en.
  134. Web site: Sevillano . Stephanie . May 10, 2024 . Gov't to grant free assessment to boost employability of SHS-TVL grads . Philippine News Agency.
  135. Web site: Servallos . Neil Jayson . Angara takes over DepEd . July 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  136. Web site: May 20, 2023 . From GMA to Sara Duterte: The ties that bind . May 24, 2023 . Rappler . en-US.
  137. Web site: Mateo . Janvic . Sara mum on House squabble, GMA meet . May 24, 2023 . Philstar.com.
  138. News: Valmonte . Kaycee . November 8, 2023 . Arroyo reiterates support for Romualdez despite demotion . https://web.archive.org/web/20231109024122/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/gloria-arroyo-reiterates-support-romualdez-despite-demotion-house-representatives/ . November 9, 2023 . June 23, 2024 . Rappler.
  139. News: De Leon . Dwight . September 25, 2023 . Duterte's OVP spent P125-M confidential funds in 11 days – COA . January 31, 2024 . Rappler.
  140. News: Gascon . Melvin . November 10, 2023 . VP Duterte gives up seeking P650M in secret funds . January 31, 2024 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  141. News: Balancio . Joyce . March 7, 2024 . VP Sara Duterte slams 'demolition job' against her . https://archive.today/20240705142846/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/3/7/vp-sara-duterte-slams-demolition-job-against-her-2022 . July 5, 2024 . July 5, 2024 . ABS-CBN News.
  142. News: Sarao . Zacarian . July 2, 2024 . Angara named as new DepEd chief . July 2, 2024 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  143. News: Esguerra . Darryl John . June 19, 2024 . VP Sara resigns as DepEd chief . live . June 19, 2024 . Philippine News Agency.
  144. News: Servallos . Neil Jayson . Suelto . Diana Lhyd . Porcalla . Delon . Regalado . Edith . Crisostomo . Sheila . July 12, 2024 . Sara to skip SONA, names self 'designated survivor' . July 12, 2024 . The Philippine Star.
  145. News: Sara Duterte won't watch SONA 2024 'on TV or gadgets' —OVP. July 22, 2024. July 22, 2024. GMA Integrated News. Giselle. Ombay. Jiselle Anne. Casucian.
  146. News: Antonio . Raymund . VP Duterte confirms recall of her police security escorts . July 23, 2024 . . July 23, 2024 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/L7Bn8 . July 23, 2024 . en.
  147. News: 'Most secured VP in history': Lawmaker says 31 cops still assigned to Sara Duterte. Christina. Chi. July 30, 2024. August 3, 2024. Philstar.com.
  148. News: ‘Sara still has 320 bodyguards, more than Marcos Jr.’. Diana Lhyd. Suelto. Daphne. Galvez. July 30, 2024. August 3, 2024. The Philippine Star.
  149. News: Vice President Sara cries ‘political harassment’ over removal of police security. Diana Lhyd. Suelto. July 30, 2024. August 3, 2024. The Philippine Star.
  150. News: PNP's Marbil denies pressure over recall of VP Duterte's security. Hana. Bordey. August 5, 2024. August 5, 2024. GMA Integrated News.
  151. News: VP Sara criticizes gov't: Filipinos deserve better . Giselle . Ombay . August 7, 2024 . August 7, 2024. GMA Integrated News.
  152. News: Tupas . Jeffrey . July 1, 2011 . Davao mayor Duterte punches sheriff over demolition of shanties . Philippine Daily Inquirer . November 17, 2021 . November 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211117134725/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/20369/davao-mayor-punches-sheriff-over-demolition-of-shanties-2 . live .
  153. News: Santos . Alex . Alex Santos (newscaster) . November 19, 2021 . Sheriffs file complaint vs Duterte . ABS-CBN News . July 11, 2021 . November 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119135016/https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/07/11/11/sheriffs-file-complaint-vs-duterte . live .
  154. News: June 29, 2012 . Sara Duterte says sorry for mauling sheriff . ABS-CBN News . November 17, 2021 . November 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211117201952/https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/06/29/12/sara-duterte-says-sorry-mauling-sheriff . live .
  155. News: September 15, 2022 . VP Sara Duterte authorized to use presidential helicopter: Air Force . January 31, 2024 . ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs.
  156. News: OVP assures aid to 'habagat,' typhoon-hit families. Stephanie. Servillano. July 25, 2024. July 25, 2024. Philippine News Agency.
  157. News: Sara meets with Filipino Maisug members in Munich. Neil Jayson. Servallos. July 29, 2024. August 3, 2024. The Philippine Star.
  158. News: Netizens vent frustrations against public officials on social media amid 'Carina' deluge. Charles. Dantes. Manila Standard. July 24, 2024. July 25, 2024.
  159. News: OVP confirms VP Sara on 'personal' trip abroad amid 'Carina' onslaught. Christina. Chi. July 25, 2024. July 25, 2024. The Philippine Star.
  160. News: Imee Marcos on VP Duterte's Germany trip: She didn't know there was storm. INQUIRER.net. Maila. Ager. July 25, 2024. July 25, 2024.
  161. News: Flores . Mikhail . Philippines VP says peace talks with communist rebels a pact 'with the devil' . July 22, 2024 . . December 4, 2023.
  162. News: Mendoza . John Eric . June 18, 2024 . VP Duterte slammed for 'silence' amid injuries in latest Ayungin incident . June 20, 2024 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . en.
  163. News: Mendoza . John Eric . April 8, 2024 . VP Sara told: 'No comment' on China's bullying means 'no love' for PH . June 20, 2024 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . en.
  164. WATCH: VP Sara Duterte delivers message at China's 74th PRC founding anniversary ANC . September 22, 2023 . ANC 24/7 . June 22, 2024 . YouTube.
  165. Web site: October 8, 2023 . Will Philippine VP's Beijing-friendly remarks blunt Manila's South China Sea policy? . June 22, 2024 . South China Morning Post . en.
  166. Web site: Mendoza . John Eric . jvicente . June 12, 2024 . Tarriela hits politicians mum on West Philippine Sea issues . June 22, 2024 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  167. Web site: Leon . Dwight de . April 10, 2024 . Marcos 'horrified' by Duterte's alleged gentleman's agreement with China on West PH Sea . June 22, 2024 . RAPPLER . en-US.
  168. Web site: Gonzalez . Mia . April 13, 2024 . Marcos defends Sara Duterte's silence on China aggression in West PH Sea . June 22, 2024 . RAPPLER . en-US.
  169. Web site: Chi . Cristina . Sara Duterte: Quiboloy being 'unfairly' targeted . June 22, 2024 . Philstar.com.
  170. Guzman . Chad de . February 21, 2024 . Why a Filipino Megachurch Founder Is on the Run, Claiming the U.S. Wants Him Dead . June 22, 2024 . TIME . en.
  171. Web site: G . Herbie . February 27, 2024 . PRIMER: Investigations, cases against Apollo Quiboloy . June 22, 2024 . RAPPLER . en-US.
  172. Web site: Cabato . Luisa . June 11, 2024 . VP Sara questions excessive use of force in serving warrant vs Quiboloy . June 22, 2024 . INQUIRER.net . en.
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  176. News: Malasig. Jeline. 'Thank you, PBB': Sara Duterte flying presidential chopper to get to kids. July 31, 2024. Interaksyon. Philstar Global Corp.. September 13, 2022.
  177. News: Mateo. Janvic. Sara Takes Oath: God, Country, Family First. July 31, 2024. One News. One Network Media Group. June 20, 2022. Davao City. Other members of the family, including the vice president-elect's husband Manases Carpio, their children Mikhaila Maria, Mateo Lucas and Marko Digong....
  178. Manases Carpio's father, Lucas (Davao City Regional Trial Court), is the brother of Conchita. News: Morales inhibits self from Dutertes' cases. Manila Standard Today. May 20, 2016. May 27, 2016. June 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160610094202/http://manilastandardtoday.com/news/-main-stories/206057/morales-inhibits-self-from-dutertes-cases.html. dead.
  179. News: Gavilan. Jodesz. Presidential son-in-law: Who is Manases Carpio?. September 23, 2017. Rappler. September 6, 2017. September 24, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170924050744/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/181215-fast-facts-manases-carpio-presidential-son-in-law-duterte. live.
  180. News: Mangosing. Frances. Sara Duterte slams NPA: You think the world is all about you. INQUIRER.net. May 1, 2017. December 29, 2019. December 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191229034733/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/893375/sara-duterte-slams-npa-you-think-the-world-is-all-about-you. live.
  181. News: Goodman. Peter S.. Philippine Peasants were Promised Land. Staking a Claim can be Deadly. The New York Times. December 27, 2019. December 29, 2019. December 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191229034728/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/27/business/philippines-duterte-poverty-farmers.html. live.
  182. Web site: Byaheng Do30 set to air on national, international TV. Byaheng Do30. August 16, 2022. February 9, 2021. Admin. February 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100759/https://byahengdo30.com/local-government/byaheng-do30-set-to-air-on-national-international-tv/. live.
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  184. News: January 28, 2014 . Sara Duterte elected to Red Cross nat'l board . SunStar . October 13, 2015 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045906/http://archive.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2014/01/28/sara-duterte-elected-red-cross-nat-l-board-325433 . live.
  185. News: October 14, 2015 . Inday Sara shaves head in support of Duterte's presidential run . GMA News Online . January 6, 2016 . September 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160920014444/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/540625/news/nation/inday-sara-shaves-head-in-support-of-duterte-s-presidential-run . live .
  186. News: Hegina . Aries Joseph . October 14, 2015 . LOOK: Did Sara Duterte shave head to urge pa to run for president? . Inquirer . January 6, 2016 . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108132821/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/730845/look-did-sara-duterte-shave-head-to-urge-pa-to-run-for-president . live .
  187. News: del Callar . Michaela . April 18, 2016 . Sara Duterte says she too was raped; not offended by dad Digong's 'joke' . GMA . April 21, 2016 . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161008031510/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/563157/news/nation/sara-duterte-says-she-too-was-raped-not-offended-by-dad-digong-s-joke . live .
  188. News: Campbell . Charlie . April 20, 2016 . The Philippine Election Front-Runner Calls His Daughter a 'Drama Queen' for Saying She Was Raped . Time . April 21, 2016 . April 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160420125837/http://time.com/4300382/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-daughter-rape-sara-inday-president-jacqueline-hamill/ . live.
  189. News: Cabanban . Seth . March 10, 2022 . 'LGBT din ako,' says VP bet Duterte . . March 26, 2022 . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326135754/https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/10/lgbt-din-ako-says-vp-bet-duterte/ . live .
  190. Web site: Sara Duterte identifying herself as LGBT a 'trapo' behavior —group . March 11, 2022 . June 20, 2022 . June 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220620202719/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/824673/sara-duterte-identifying-herself-as-lgbt-a-trapo-behavior-group/story/ . live.
  191. Web site: Hoya indaysarae . International Plant Names Index . December 15, 2021 . December 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215192220/https://www.ipni.org/n/60475861-2 . live .
  192. News: Capistrano . Zea C. . Casayuran . Mario . Terrazola . Vanne Elaine . New wax plant named after Inday Sara . December 15, 2021 . Manila Bulletin . March 1, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215192400/https://mb.com.ph/2018/03/01/new-wax-plant-named-after-inday-sara/ . December 15, 2021.

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