Income Tax Department Explained

Income Tax Department
Native Name:Hindi: आयकर विभाग
Formed:[1] [2]
Jurisdiction:Government of India
Headquarters:North Block, Secretariat Building, New Delhi
Employees:46,000 (2016–17 est.)[3]
Minister1 Name:Nirmala Sitharaman
Minister1 Pfo:Finance Minister
Motto:कोष मूलो दण्डः
Chief1 Name:Ravi Agarwal, IRS[4]
Chief1 Position:Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes
Parent Department:Government of India

The Income Tax Department (also referred to as IT Department; abbreviated as ITD) is a government agency undertaking direct tax collection of the government of India. It functions under the Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance.[5] The Income Tax Department is headed by the apex body Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). The main responsibility of the Income Tax Department is to enforce various direct tax laws, most important among these being the Income-tax Act, 1961, to collect revenue for the government of India. It also enforces other economic laws such as the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988,[6] and the Black Money Act, 2015.[7]

The Income Tax Act, 1961, has a wide scope and empowers ITD to levy tax on the income of individuals, firms, companies, local authorities, societies, or other artificial juridical persons.[8] Thus, the Income Tax Department influences businesses, professionals, NGOs, income earning citizens, and local authorities, among others. The act empowers the Income Tax Department to tax international businesses and professionals and therefore ITD deals in all matters of double taxation avoidance agreements and various other aspects of international taxation such as transfer pricing. Combating tax evasion and tax avoidance practices is a key duty of ITD to ensure constitutionally guided political economy. One measure to combat aggressive tax avoidance is the general anti avoidance rule (GAAR).

History

Ancient times

Taxation has been one of the key function of the sovereign state since ancient times. In Manusmriti, the Manu stated that the king has the sovereign power to levy and collect tax according to sastras.[9] In Bodhayana Dharmasutras, it is mentioned that the king received 1/6th of income from his subjects, which was legally termed as tax. In lieu of this tax, the king had a duty to protect his subjects.

According to Kautilya's Arthashastra – an ancient treatise on the study of economics, the art of governance and foreign policy – artha had a much wider significance than wealth. According to him, the power of the government depended upon the strength of its treasury. He stated: "From the treasury comes the power of the government, and the earth, whose ornament is the treasury, is acquired by means of the treasury and army." In Raghuvamsh, Kalidas, eulogising King Dalip, said, "it was only for the good of his subjects that he collected taxes from them just as the sun draws moisture from the earth to give it back a thousand time."[10]

Modern times

The 19th century saw the establishment of British rule in India. Following the mutiny of 1857, the British government faced an acute financial crisis. To fill up the treasury, the first Income-tax Act was introduced in February 1860 by James Wilson, who became British-India's first finance minister.[10] The act received the assent of the governor general on 24 July 1860, and came into effect immediately. It was divided into 21 parts consisting of no less than 259 sections. Income was classified under four schedules: i) income from landed property; ii) income from professions and trade; iii) income from securities, annuities and dividends; and iv) income from salaries and pensions. Agricultural income was subject to tax.

Subsequently, many laws were brought to streamline income tax laws. For example, the Super-Rich Tax was introduced in 1918, and the new Income-tax Act was passed in 1918. But most important among all these were the Income-tax Act of 1922. This act of 1922 marked an important change from the act of 1918 by shifting the administration of the income tax from the hands of the provincial government to the central government. Another remarkable feature of this act was that the rates were to be enunciated by the annual finance acts instead of in the basic enactment.[11] Again, the new Income-tax Act came in 1939.

Contemporary times

See also: The Income-tax Act, 1961. The 1922 act was amended not less than twenty nine times between 1939 and 1956. A tax on capital gains was imposed for the first time in 1946, although the concept of ‘capital gains’ has been amended many times by later amendments. In 1956, Mr. Nicholas Kaldor was given the responsibility of investigating the Indian tax system in light of the revenue requirement of the second five-year plan (1956–1961). He submitted an exhaustive report for a coordinated tax system and therefore, the result was the enactment of several taxation acts, viz., the wealth-tax Act 1957, the Expenditure-tax Act, 1957 and the Gift-tax Act, 1958.

The Direct Taxes Administration Enquiry Committee, under the chairmanship of Shri Mahavir Tyagi, submitted its report on 30 November 1959, and the recommendations made therein took shape of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The 1961 act came in to force with effect from 1 April 1962 by replacing the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922, which had remained in operation for 40 years. The present law of income tax is governed by the Income Tax Act, 1961, which has 298 sections and four schedules and is applicable to whole of India, including the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Administration

Administration in the Income Tax Department (ITD) is run through a statutory body, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), at the apex level and 18 territory-based regional headquarters at the field offices level. Besides these are 10 specialised directorates within the Income Tax Department, most extensive and famous among these being the Directorate of Investigation.

CBDT

The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) is a part of the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. The CBDT provides inputs for the policy and planning of direct taxes in India and is also responsible for the administration of direct tax laws through the IT Department. The CBDT is a statutory authority functioning under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963. The officials of the Board in their ex officio capacity also function as a division of the ministry dealing with matters relating to the levy and collection of direct taxes. The CBDT is headed by a chairman and also comprises six members, all of whom are ex officio special secretaries to the government of India.

The chairman and members of the CBDT are selected from the Indian Revenue Service (IRS), whose members constitute the top management of the IT Department. The chairman and every member of CBDT are responsible for exercising supervisory control over specialised functional categories at field offices of the IT Department. Various functions and responsibilities of the CBDT are distributed amongst the chairman and six members, with only fundamental issues reserved for collective decision by the CBDT. The areas for collective decision by the CBDT include policy regarding discharge of statutory functions of the CBDT and of the union government under the various direct tax laws.[12]

Regional headquarters

At present Income Tax Department (ITD) field offices are divided into 18 regions with territorial jurisdiction and one region for international taxation. As required for efficient and effective administration, these regions have some administrative autonomy to carry out duties assigned by CBDT.

List of ITD regions[13] [14]
Serial No. Region (headed by PrCCIT) Sub-regions (headed by CCsIT) Headquarter city
1GujaratCCsIT, Ahmedabad-1, 2, TDS, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, DGIT (Inv.), AhmedabadAhmedabad
2Karnataka & GoaCCsIT, Bengaluru-1 & 2, TDS, Panaji, DGIT (Inv.), BengaluruBengaluru
3Madhya Pradesh & ChhattisgarhCCsIT, Raipur, Indore, DGIT (Inv.), BhopalBhopal
4Odisha NoneBhubaneswar
5North West RegionCCsIT Amritsar, Ludhiana, Shimla, Panchkula, DGIT (Inv.), ChandigarhChandigarh
6Tamil Nadu & PuducherryCCsIT, Chennai-1 to 4, TDS, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, DGIT (Inv.), ChennaiChennai
7DelhiCCsIT Delhi-1 to 9, TDS, Central, Exemptions, DsGIT (Inv.), Delhi, (Risk Assessment), (I&CI)Delhi
8North East RegionCCIT, ShillongGuwahati
9Andhra Pradesh & TelanganaCCsIT, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Vishakhapatnam, DGIT (Inv.), HyderabadHyderabad
10RajasthanCCsIT, Jodhpur, Udaipur DGIT (Inv.), JaipurJaipur
11UP (West) & UttarakhandCCsIT, Ghaziabad, DehradunKanpur
12KeralaCCsIT, Thiruvananthapuram, DGIT (Inv.), KochiKochi
13West Bengal & SikkimCCsIT, Kolkata-1 to 6, TDS, DGIT (Inv.), KolkataKolkata
14UP (East)CCsIT, Allahabad, Bareilly, DGIT (Inv.), LucknowLucknow
15MumbaiCCsIT, Mumbai-1 to 11, TDS, Central-1, 2, DGIT (Inv.), Mumbai,Mumbai
16Nagpur NoneNagpur
17Bihar & JharkhandCCIT, Ranchi, DGIT (Inv.), PatnaPatna
18PuneCCsIT, Pune, Thane, Nasik, DGIT (Inv.), PunePune
19 International TaxationCCsIT (International Taxation), Bengaluru, MumbaiDelhi

Directorates

Directorates are meant to take responsibility of specialised functions. There are 10 specialised directorates within the Income Tax Department, most extensive and famous among these being Directorate of Investigation.

List of ITD directorates[15]
Serial No. Directorate Head of directorate Headquarter city
1Investigation18 Director Generals of Income Tax (DGsIT)At respective regional headquarters
2SystemsPrincipal Director General of Income TaxNew Delhi
3Legal & ResearchPrincipal Director General of Income TaxNew Delhi
4TrainingPrincipal Director General of Income TaxNADT, Nagpur
5Intelligence & Criminal Investigation (I&CI)Director General of Income TaxNew Delhi
6VigilancePrincipal Director General of Income Tax/CVONew Delhi
7Administration & Tax Payer Services (TPS)Principal Director General of Income TaxNew Delhi
8LogisticsPrincipal Director General of Income TaxNew Delhi
9Human Resource Development (HRD)Principal Director General of Income TaxNew Delhi
10Risk AssessmentDirector General of Income TaxNew Delhi

Good governance by ITD

The Income Tax Department of the government of India is a leader in good governance. Since large portion of population interacts with department on a yearly basis hence good governance by ITD has improved citizen satisfaction with government functioning. A very well known model of good governance, Sevottam, is being implemented by the Income Tax Department.

Sevottam

See also: Sevottam. The Income Tax Department is a leader in implementing Sevottam,[16] which is certification of quality of public service delivery in India. The term Sevottam comes from the Hindi words Seva and Uttam and supposedly means excellence in service delivery. It involves the identification of the services delivered to the citizens, quality of service, its objective, improvement of quality, by using innovative methods for developing business process and more informative with the help of information technology. The citizen-centric approach includes the following three components:[17]

Ayakar Seva Kendra (ASK)

Ayakar Seva Kendra (ASK; translated as Income Tax Help Centre) is an integrated model that provides single window system for registration of all applications including those or redressal of grievances as well as receipt of paper return.[23] The assesses can approach ASK and pose all kinds of queries. ASK is available at almost all Income Tax Department offices across the country.

Tax Return Preparer Scheme

Launched in 2006 by the Income Tax Department, the Tax Return Preparer Scheme assists small and marginal taxpayers in preparing and filing their tax returns by creating a company of ‘Tax Return Preparers’. Tax Return Preparers are experts in income tax law and in filing of income tax returns. They can charge a maximum fee of Rs. 250, or sometimes nothing.

Simplified Income Tax Return Filing

Over the years income tax return filing has been made more simple, convenient, and smart through use of technology. This includes following:

Law enforcement powers of ITD

Taxation law is not only very complex as it requires specialised knowledge and expertise to implement, but also it necessitates various kinds of deterrent actions to ensure compliance by taxpayers.

Assessment

Assessment is done to ensure correct estimation of total taxable income of an assessee (i.e. taxpayer) and it determines amount of tax to be payable by (or to be refunded to) assessee. Most income tax returns filed are processed by the Centralised Processing Center in Bengaluru[25] on the basis of the information provided by the taxpayer. Such automatic processing of returns is called as "summary assessment" and is carried out in accordance with sub-section (1) of section 143 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

  1. When the Income Tax Department requires clarifications or supporting documents on a return filed by the taxpayer, the taxpayer is served a notice under sub-section (2) of section 143 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 to provide evidence in support of the return filed by the taxpayer.
  2. When the Income Tax Department requires clarifications from the taxpayer on certain issues for a better assessment of the income of the taxpayer or requiring the taxpayer to file a return of income if he has not filed one already, a notice under sub-section (1) of section 142 is issued to the taxpayer.

After the notices mentioned in points (1) and (2) above are complied with, assessment is made under sub-section (3) of section 143.

When no compliance is received after the lapse of the time period provided by the assessing officer, assessment is made under section 144.

Such assessments are called "scrutiny assessments."

Penalties and Prosecutions

  1. Penalties: These are financial punishments for non-compliance with any specific provision of the Income-tax Act,[26] and include penalties for not complying with the notices of the assessing officer.
  2. Prosecution: Certain actions of taxpayers, for example wilful evasion of tax, are considered as criminal offence by the Income-tax Act and hence these offences result in prosecution. Such offences are considered criminal because they are deemed to be offences perpetrated against the state, as against offences against a person, which results in a civil prosecution. A prosecution is a stricter action than a penalty, and while a penalty only is monetary in nature, a prosecution involves serving jail time for the offences.

Surveys

The department can survey any business premises during the time such place is open for business for physical verification of records and other valuables. Section 133A of the Income Tax Act 1961 provides the department to conduct surveys.

Search and Seizure

The department can search residential and business premises of any taxpayer to check records and valuables to ensure that no evasion of tax is taking place. Section 132 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 provides the department the power to conduct search and seizure.

Both the survey action and the search and seizure action are known in the general parlance as "raids."

Recent law enforcement actions by ITD

Demonetization period

The finance ministry instructed all revenue intelligence agencies to join the crackdown on forex traders, hawala operators and jewellers besides tracking movement of demonetised currency notes.[27]

Income Tax departments raided various illegal tax-evasive businesses in Delhi, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Ludhiana and other cities that traded with demonetised currency.[28] The Enforcement Directorate issued several FEMA notices to forex and gold traders.[27] Large sum of cash in defunct notes were seized in different parts of the country.[29] [30] [31] [32] [33] In Chhattisgarh liquid cash worth of was seized.[34] In December 2016, the Income Tax department received more than 4000 emails, on black money holders, in India, within 3 days, when Income Tax Department, issued in public notice an email to report black money.[35]

Huge amounts of cash in the form of new notes were seized all over the country after the demonetisation.[36] [37]

In December 2016, over ₹4 crore in new ₹2000 notes were seized from four persons in Bangalore,[38] [39] [40] ₹33 lakh in ₹2000 notes were recovered from Manish Sharma, an expelled BJP leader in West Bengal,[41] [42] and ₹1.5 crore was seized in Goa.[43] 900 notes of the new ₹2000 denomination were seized from a BJP leader in Tamil Nadu.[44] Around ₹10 crore in new ₹2000 notes were seized in Chennai.[45]

As of 10 December 2016, new notes worth ₹242 crore were seized by the Income Tax Department.[46]

Raids on unrecognised political parties

The Income Tax department conducted raids and surveys in various states in separate cases related to alleged tax evasion, violation of FCRA violation and illicit funding of registered unrecognised political parties.[47]

Criticism

The government data reveals that the IT Department has a very low conviction rate.[48]

The Income Tax Department has been alleged to have been used to target people and organizations critical of the government.[49] [50]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The evolution of income-tax. 4 August 2019. 4 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190804122856/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2000/02/14/stories/211464tn.htm. live.
  2. News: July 24 to be celebrated as Income Tax Day. The Times of India. 11 July 2010. 4 August 2019. 21 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190821085032/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/July-24-to-be-celebrated-as-Income-Tax-Day/articleshow/6154356.cms. live.
  3. News: Central govt to hire 2.8 lakh more staff, police, I-T & customs to get lion's share. The Times of India. 2 March 2017. 2 March 2017. 19 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180919174336/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/central-govt-to-hire-2-8-lakh-more-staff-police-i-t-customs-to-get-lions-share/articleshow/57420276.cms. live.
  4. Web site: IRS Officer Ravi Agrawal Appointed Central Board of Direct Taxes Chairman .
  5. Web site: Department of Revenue- Functions. 1 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190110142631/https://dor.gov.in/functions. 10 January 2019.
  6. Web site: THE BENAMI TRANSACTIONS (PROHIBITION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2016. The Gazette of India. 11 August 2016. 10 January 2019. 25 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171025145059/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/171245.pdf. live.
  7. Web site: THE BLACK MONEY (UNDISCLOSED FOREIGN INCOME AND ASSETS) AND IMPOSITION OF TAX ACT, 2015. The Gazette of India. 27 May 2015. 10 January 2019. 27 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210727032015/https://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2015/164107.pdf. live.
  8. Web site: Who is liable to pay income tax. 13 April 2019. 18 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180118040538/https://archive.india.gov.in/business/taxation/income_tax.php. dead.
  9. Book: Jha S M (1990) . Taxation and Indian Economy. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications.
  10. Web site: The evolution of income-tax. www.thehindubusinessline.com. 4 August 2019. 4 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190804122856/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2000/02/14/stories/211464tn.htm. live.
  11. Web site: EVOLUTION OF INCOME TAX SYSTEM IN INDIA. Shodhganga. 4 August 2019. 7 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200707010944/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/113603/8/08_chapter%203.pdf. live.
  12. Web site: Information to be published under section 4(1)(b) of the Right to Information Act, 2005. Central Board of Direct Taxes, Government of India. 10 December 2014. 10 December 2014. 11 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141211025138/http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/4%281%29%28b%29_15092009.pdf. live.
  13. Web site: PrCCIT Regions. www.incometaxindia.gov.in. 4 August 2019. 15 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190815134017/https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/departmental-directory.pdf. live.
  14. Web site: Who We Are?. www.incometaxindia.gov.in. 13 August 2019. 15 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190815134015/https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/about-us/who-we-are.aspx. live.
  15. Web site: Directorates. www.incometaxindia.gov.in. 4 August 2019. 15 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190815134017/https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/departmental-directory.pdf. live.
  16. Web site: OUR SEVOTTAM JOURNEY. Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. 11 August 2019. 28 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201028193436/http://www.ficciqualityforum.com/write-ups/t1.pdf. live.
  17. Web site: Sevottam for Ensuring Excellence in Services. PIB. 8 August 2019. 8 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190808182457/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/feacontent.aspx%3Frelid%3D66493. live.
  18. Web site: Citizen's Charter 2014. 11 August 2019. 15 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190815134023/https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/citizen-charter-declaration.pdf. live.
  19. Web site: E-Nivaran is Modi's gift to tax payers: How does the scheme work?. Business Standard. 11 August 2019. 11 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190811183944/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/e-nivaran-is-modi-s-gift-to-tax-payers-how-does-the-scheme-work-117050900283_1.html. live.
  20. Web site: The Union Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley Launches The "E-Sahyog" Pilot Project of The Income-Tax Department to Facilitate Taxpayers. PIB. 11 August 2019. 11 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190811183943/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D130000. live.
  21. Web site: Pre-budget consultations: Industry for tax cuts, more reforms to push investment. 12 June 2019. Indian Express. 11 August 2019. 13 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190813192812/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/pre-budget-consultations-industry-for-tax-cuts-more-reforms-to-push-investment-5775994/. live.
  22. Web site: Income-Tax Dept holds outreach programme. The Tribune. 11 August 2019. 11 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190811183942/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/income-tax-dept-holds-outreach-programme/733601.html. live.
  23. Web site: Aayakar Seva Kendra opened. 24 June 2016. Business Line. 8 August 2019. 8 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190808182455/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/aayakar-seva-kendra-opened/article8769431.ece. live.
  24. Web site: Wondering Which Form To Use For Income Tax Return? Find Out Here. NDTV.
  25. Web site: Contact Us . 2023-09-28 . Income Tax Department . en . 28 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161313/https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/contact-us . live .
  26. Web site: Penalties and Prosecutions . 2023-09-28 . incometaxindia.gov.in . 28 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161310/https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Charts%20%20Tables/Penalties%20and%20Prosecutions.htm . live .
  27. News: Enforcement Directorate issues FEMA notices to forex, gold traders. 16 November 2016. The Economic Times. 15 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161115203448/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/enforcement-directorate-issues-fema-notices-to-forex-gold-traders/articleshow/55445560.cms. live.
  28. Web site: Income tax dept conducts raids across India as illegal financial institutions crop up; shops call it a day . India Today . 11 November 2016 . Rai, Arpan . 12 November 2016 . 12 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161112185736/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/income-tax-department-raids-chandni-chowk-shops-shut/1/807996.html . live .
  29. Web site: Rs. 13.22 lakh in cash seized. 11 November 2016. The Hindu.
  30. Web site: Rs 4 Crore-Worth Scrapped Notes Seized From Maharashtra Trader. 21 December 2016. 16 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161116000956/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rs-4-crore-worth-scrapped-notes-seized-from-maharashtra-trader-1624663. live.
  31. News: Rs 76 lakh cash seized from vehicle in Mandi – Times of India. The Times of India. 12 November 2016. 21 December 2016. 12 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161212112035/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/76-lakh-cash-seized-from-vehicle-in-Mandi/articleshow/55379844.cms. live.
  32. Web site: Madhya Pradesh: Rs 4 crore-worth scrapped bank notes seized from trader. 12 November 2016. 21 December 2016. 4 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161204160154/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/madhya-pradesh-rs-4-crore-worth-scrapped-bank-notes-seized-from-maharashtra-trader-4371753/. live.
  33. News: Rs. 73 lakh cash seized from two cars near Nashik. The Hindu. 17 November 2016. 2 December 2016. 15 April 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240415060537/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Rs.-73-lakh-cash-seized-from-two-cars-near-Nashik/article16667485.ece. live.
  34. Web site: Chhattisgarh: Cash worth Rs 44 lakhs in Rs 500, Rs 1000 notes seized from a man. Daily News & Analysis. 11 November 2016. 21 December 2016. 13 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161113093639/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-chhattisgarh-cash-worth-rs-44-lakhs-in-rs-500-rs-1000-notes-seized-from-a-man-2272478. live.
  35. Web site: Black money, informers crosses 4000. The Times of India. 20 December 2016. 20 December 2016. 22 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161222074000/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/government-receives-4000-emails-on-black-money-in-72-hours/articleshow/56077080.cms. live.
  36. Web site: Rs 111.3 crore and counting: Here is a conservative list of new cash seizures reported post-demonetisation. 10 December 2016. 21 December 2016. 20 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220606/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/after-one-month-of-demonetisation-several-crores-worth-of-cash-seized-long-queues-outside-atms-4420098/. live.
  37. Web site: I-T department seizes Rs 130 crore cash, jewellery post demonetisation. 6 December 2016. 21 December 2016. 20 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220254/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/i-t-department-seizes-rs-130-crore-cash-jewellery-post-demonetisation-4414001/. live.
  38. News: New notes worth Rs 4.7 crore seized in I-T raids in Bengaluru – Times of India. The Times of India. December 2016. 21 December 2016. 23 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161223202110/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/over-rs-4-crore-in-new-notes-seized-in-it-raids-in-bengaluru/articleshow/55728247.cms. live.
  39. Web site: Bengaluru: In Indias biggest seizure since Nov 8, Rs 5.7 crore found – all in new Rs 2000 notes. 2 December 2016 . 21 December 2016. 18 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161218163629/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bengaluru-cash-seizure-new-rs-2000-notes-demonetisation-black-money/1/825199.html. live.
  40. Web site: Bengaluru: Rs 2000 notes worth over Rs 4 crore seized by Income Tax dept. 1 December 2016. 21 December 2016. 20 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220195647/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/bengaluru-income-tax-raid-rs-4-crore-seized-4405135/. live.
  41. Web site: After BJP leader Manish Kumar's arrest, Babul Supriyo washes hands off all linkages, calls it 'wasted time'. 7 December 2016. 21 December 2016. 20 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220074721/http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/after-bjp-leader-manish-kumars-arrest-babul-supriyo-washes-hands-off-all-linkages-calls-it-wasted-time/467387/. live.
  42. Web site: Several BJP men caught with crores; Karnataka biggest hotspot for illegal cash transactions. BS Web. Team. 7 December 2016. Business Standard. 21 December 2016. 20 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075756/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/several-bjp-men-caught-with-crores-karnataka-biggest-hotspot-for-illegal-cash-transactions-116120700330_1.html. live.
  43. Web site: Demonetisation: Rs 1.5 crore in new Rs 2,000 notes seized in Goa, two held. IANS. 21 December 2016. 7 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107112608/http://www.abplive.in/india-news/demonetisation-rs-1-5-crore-in-new-rs-2000-notes-seized-in-goa-two-held-459472. dead.
  44. Web site: Over 900 new Rs 2000 notes seized from TN BJP leader who backed demonetisation. 2 December 2016. 21 December 2016. 20 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220131316/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/over-900-bills-of-rs-2000-seized-from-tn-bjp-leader-who-backed-demonetisation/story-akRx5YDntU3erDWVE2IxxN.html. live.
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