Emomali Rahmon Explained

Honorific Prefix:His Excellency
Founder of Peace and National Unity — Leader of the Nation
Emomali Rahmon
Office:3rd President of Tajikistan
Primeminister:Abdujalil Samadov
Jamshed Karimov
Yahyo Azimov
Oqil Oqilov
Kokhir Rasulzoda
Term Start:16 November 1994
Office1:Leader of the People's Democratic Party
Term Start1:18 March 1998
Predecessor1:Abdulmajid Dostiev
Office2:Chairman of the Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan
Term Start2:20 November 1992
Term End2:16 November 1994
Primeminister2:Akbar Mirzoyev
Abdumalik Abdullajanov
Abdujalil Samadov
Predecessor2:Akbarsho Iskandrov
Successor2:Office abolished
Birthname:Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov
Birth Date:5 October 1952
Birth Place:Danghara, Kulob Oblast, Tajik SSR, Soviet Union
(Tajikistan)
Children:9, including Ozoda and Rustam
Parents:Sharif Rakhmonov
Mayram Sharifova
Alma Mater:Tajik State National University
Otherparty:Communist Party
Rank: General of the Army
Signature:Emomali Rahmon signature.png

Emomali Rahmon (Tajik: Эмомали Раҳмон; born Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov, born 5 October 1952) is a Tajik politician who has been serving as the 3rd President of Tajikistan since 16 November 1994. Previously he was the Chairman of the Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan, as the de facto head of state from 20 November 1992 to 16 November 1994 (the post of president was temporarily abolished during this period). Since 18 March 1998, he has also served as the leader of the left-wing People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan, which dominates the Parliament of Tajikistan. On 30 September 1999, he was elected vice-president of the UN General Assembly for a one-year term.

He became widely known in 1992 after the abolition of the post of president in the country, when at the dawn of the civil war (1992–1997) he became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (Parliament) of Tajikistan as a compromise candidate between communists and neo-communists on the one hand and liberal-democratic, nationalist and Islamist forces (the United Tajik Opposition) on the other.

Five times (in the elections of 1994, 1999, 2006, 2013 and 2020), Rahmon won undemocratic presidential elections; in addition, he extended and reformed his powers based on the results of the national constitutional referendums of 1999 and 2003. Since 25 December 2015, Emomali Rahmon has held the lifetime title of Peshvoyi Millat (Tajik: Пешвои Миллат|script=Latn|italic=no), which means “Leader of the Nation”, in full — “Founder of peace and national Unity — Leader of the Nation”. Following the results of the last national constitutional referendum in 2016, amendments were adopted that lifted the restrictions on the number of re-elections to the post of President of Tajikistan and lowered the age limit for those running for the post of president from 35 to 30 years.

Rahmon heads an authoritarian regime in Tajikistan with elements of a cult of personality. Political opponents are repressed, violations of human rights and freedoms are severe, elections are not free and fair, and corruption and nepotism are rampant.[1] [2] [3] [4] Various important government positions are occupied by his family members, such as his 36-year-old son Rustam Emomali, who is the chairman of the country's parliament and the mayor of its capital city, Dushanbe.[5] [6] [7]

Early life

Rahmon was born as Emomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov to Sharif Rahmonov (–1992)[8] and Mayram Sharifova (1910–2004),[9] a peasant family in Danghara,[10] Kulob Oblast (present-day Khatlon Region). His father was a Red Army veteran of World War II, being a recipient of the Order of Glory in the 2nd and 3rd degrees.[11] From 1971–74, Rahmon served in the Soviet Union's Pacific Fleet, during which he was stationed in the Primorsky Krai. After completing military service, Rahmon returned to his native village where he worked for some time as an electrician.[12]

As a rising apparatchik in Tajikistan, he became a chairman of the collective state farm of his native Danghara. According to his official biography, Rahmon graduated from the Tajik State National University with a specialist's degree in economics in 1982. After working for several years in the Danghara Sovkhoz, Rahmon was appointed chairman of the sovkhoz in 1987.[13]

Early politics

In 1990, Rahmon was elected a people's deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR.[14] President Rahmon Nabiyev was forced to resign in the first months of the Civil War in August 1992. Akbarsho Iskandrov, Speaker of the Supreme Soviet, became acting president. Iskandarov resigned in November 1992 in an attempt to end the civil unrest. That same month, the Supreme Soviet met in Khujand for its 16th session and declared Tajikistan a parliamentary republic. Rahmon was then elected by the members of the Supreme Soviet as its chairman—as the Parliamentary republican system adopted by Tajikistan did not provide for a ceremonial president, he was also Head of State—and the head of government.[14] Former Interior Minister Yaqub Salimov later recalled that Rahmon's appointment was made because he was "nondescript", in which other field commanders thought that he could be cast aside "when he had served his purpose."[15] [16]

Presidency

In 1994, a new constitution reestablished the presidency. Rahmon was elected to the post on 6 November 1994 and sworn in ten days later. During the civil war that lasted from 1992 to 1997, Rahmon's rule was opposed by the United Tajik Opposition. As many as 100,000 people died during the war. He survived an assassination attempt on 30 April 1997 in Khujand,[17] as well as two attempted coups in August 1997 and in November 1998.Following constitutional changes, he was reelected on 6 November 1999 to a seven-year term, officially taking 97% of the vote. On 22 June 2003, he won a referendum that would allow him to run for two more consecutive seven-year terms after his term expired in 2006. The opposition alleges that this amendment was hidden in a way that verged upon electoral fraud. Rahmon was reelected to a seven-year term in a controversial election on 6 November 2006, with about 79% of the vote, according to the official results. On 6 November 2013, he was reelected for the second seven-year term in office, with about 84% of the vote, in an election that the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe said lacked "genuine choice and meaningful pluralism".[18] In October 2020, he was once again re-elected as president for a fifth term with a margin of 90.92%,[19] [20] amid allegations of fraud.[21] On 22 May 2016, a nationwide referendum approved a number of changes to the country's constitution.[22] One of the main changes lifted the limit on presidential terms, effectively allowing Rahmon to stay in power for as many terms as he wishes.[23] Other key changes outlawed faith-based political parties, thus finalizing the removal of the outlawed Islamic Revival Party from Tajikistan's politics, and reduced the minimum eligibility age for presidential candidates from 35 to 30, enabling Rahmon's older son, Rustam Emomali, to run for president any time after 2017.[24] In January 2017, Rustam Emomali was appointed Mayor of Dushanbe, a key position, which some analysts see as the next step to the top of the government.[25]

Tajikistan under Rahmon is a neopatrimonial regime, characterized by a high degree of clientelism, corruption, and poor governance.[26] [27] In a diplomatic cable that was leaked in 2010, the U.S. ambassador in Tajikistan, reported that Rahmon and his family control the country's major businesses, including the largest bank.[28] In November 2018, Rahmon launched a hydroelectric station to solve energy problems.[29]

Role in War on Terror

In July 2021, over 1,000 Afghan troops and civilians fled to Tajikistan after the Taliban insurgents took control of many parts of Afghanistan.[30] In response, Rahmon ordered 20,000 reserve servicemen of the country's Ground Forces to be sent to the Afghan–Tajik border.[31]

Cult of personality and powers

In December 2015, a law passed by Tajikistan's parliament gave Rahmon the title "Founder Of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation" (Tajik: Асосгузори сулҳу ваҳдати миллӣ – Пешвои миллат, Asosguzori sulhu vahdati millî – Peshvo‘i millat; Russian: Основатель мира и национального единства – Лидер нации, Osnovatel mira i natsionalnogo yedinstva – Lider natsii).[32] A shorter version of the title, "Leader of the Nation," is used frequently. In addition to granting Rahmon lifelong immunity from prosecution, the law also gave him a number of other lifelong privileges, including veto powers over all major state decisions, the freedom to address the nation and parliament on all matters he deems important, and the privilege of attending all government meetings and parliament sessions.[33] [34]

Religion and convictions

Rahmon is a Sunni Muslim and has frequently stressed his Muslim background even though his administration is engaged in a relentless campaign against public displays of Islamic devotion.[35] His suppression of Islamic expression includes banning beards, attendance at mosque for women and children under 18, hajj for people under 40, studying in Islamic schools outside Tajikistan, the production, import or export of Islamic books without permission (implemented in 2017), using loudspeakers to broadcast the adhan, veils, madrassas, Islamist political parties and Arabic-sounding names (implemented in 2016). Furthermore, mosques are heavily regulated, providing unofficial Islamic teaching can lead to up to 12 years of imprisonment, and an arduous process is required to obtain a permit to establish an Islamic organisation, publish an Islamic book, or go on pilgrimage to Mecca.[36] In January 2016, Rahmon performed an Umrah with a number of his children and senior members of his government. That was Rahmon's fourth pilgrimage to Mecca.[37]

His reply to critics of the election standards of the 2006 Tajikistani presidential elections was: During a 2010 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation session in Dushanbe, Rahmon spoke against what he called the misuse of Islam for political ends, claiming that "Terrorism, terrorists, have no nation, no country, no religion... Using the name 'Islamic terrorism' only discredits Islam and dishonors the pure and harmless religion of Islam."[38]

Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party that aims to overthrow secular governments and unify Muslims under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment.[39]

The Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (IRP) is a banned Islamist political party and has been designated a terrorist organization since 2015.[40] [41]

In 2017 the government of Tajikistan passed a law requiring people to "stick to traditional national clothes and culture", which has been widely seen as an attempt to prevent women from wearing Islamic clothing, in particular the style of headscarf wrapped under the chin, in contrast to the traditional Tajik headscarf tied behind the head.[42]

Personal life

Family

He is married to Azizmo Asadullayeva and has nine children.[43] Two of his children, Rustam Emomali and Ozoda Rahmon, are senior officials in his administration,[44] [45] while another, Zarina Rahmon, was appointed deputy head of Orienbank in January 2017.[46] [47] Rustam is widely believed to be his father's successor.[48]

In the summer of 2021, coronavirus ravaged the country, and Emomali Rahmon's sister reportedly died in a hospital of COVID-19 on 20 July.[49] According to local media, her sons physically assaulted the national health minister and a senior doctor.[50]

Name changes

In March 2007, Rahmonov changed his surname to Rahmon, getting rid of the Russian-style "-ov" ending.[51] He also removed the patronymic, Sharipovich, from his name altogether. Rahmon explained that he had done so out of respect for his cultural heritage.[52] [53] Following the move, scores of governments officials, members of parliament, and civil servants around the country removed Russian-style patronymics and "-ov" endings from their surnames. In April 2016, Tajikistan officially banned giving Russian-style patronymics and surnames to newborn children.[54]

Honours and awards

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon DW 12.10.2020. live. 2021-07-05. DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. en-GB. 6 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210706140240/https://www.dw.com/en/tajikistans-eternal-ruler-emomali-rakhmon/a-55234401.
  2. News: 15 January 2019. World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan. en. Human Rights Watch. 13 May 2020. 24 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190224074509/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/tajikistan. live.
  3. Web site: The world's enduring dictators: Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan. live. 2021-07-05. www.cbsnews.com. 19 June 2011 . CBS News. en-US. 9 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190542/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators-emomali-rahmon-tajikistan/.
  4. Web site: Tajikistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report. live. 2021-07-05. Freedom House. en. 11 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210711013352/https://freedomhouse.org/country/tajikistan/nations-transit/2020.
  5. News: Nepotism And Dynasty In Central Asian Politics. live. 2021-07-11. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 23 August 2016 . en. 11 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142111/https://www.rferl.org/a/nepotism-dynasty-central-asian-politics-roundtable/27538834.html . Pannier . Bruce .
  6. Web site: Benevento. Chris. Tajikistan: President's Daughter Gets Plum Ministry Job. live. 2021-07-11. www.occrp.org. Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. en-GB. 11 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142058/https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/5850-tajikistan-president-s-daughter-gets-plum-ministry-job.
  7. News: The Happiest Member Of The Rahmon Family. live. 2021-07-11. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 10 February 2018 . en. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507110952/https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-happy-tajik-family/29032252.html . Pannier . Bruce .
  8. Web site: Эмомали Рахмон о своем отце. Akhbor.com. 1 November 2019. 1 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101174220/http://akhbor-rus.com/-p2751-122.htm. live.
  9. Web site: Скончалась мать президента Таджикистана Рахмонова. 23 November 2004. РИА Новости. 1 November 2019. ru. 1 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101174219/https://ria.ru/20041123/741296.html. live.
  10. Web site: Тарҷумаи Ҳоли Эмомалии Раҳмон. Government of Tajikistan. 28 November 2014. 15 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075022/http://www.president.tj/taxonomy/term/5/139. live.
  11. News: РАХМОН Эмомали Шарифович. ЦентрАзия. ru. 28 March 2021. 22 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180822045933/https://centrasia.org/person2.php?&st=1013881157. live.
  12. Web site: Эмомали Рахмон. Сайт Президента Республики Таджикистан. 20 May 2016. 27 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160527084433/http://www.prezident.tj/ru/taxonomy/term/5/140. live.
  13. Web site: ЭМОМАЛӢ РАҲМОН [Official Biography]]. Official Website of the President of Tajikistan. 20 May 2016. 16 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160416161510/http://www.president.tj/taxonomy/term/5/139. live.
  14. Web site: Emomali Rahmon. Official Website of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. 4 September 2016. 21 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161021053149/http://president.tj/en/taxonomy/term/5/33. live.
  15. News: Tajikistan: Former Interior Minister In Dushanbe To Face Trial For Treason. 2020-10-17. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 April 2008 . en. 17 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201017103449/https://www.rferl.org/a/1051835.html. live . Pannier . Bruce .
  16. News: Emomali Rahmon: The Accidental Leader Who Has Stayed In Power For Decades. 2020-10-17. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 13 October 2020 . en. 17 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201017042251/https://www.rferl.org/a/emomali-rahmon-the-accidental-leader-who-has-stayed-in-power-for-decades/30890337.html. live . Pannier . Bruce .
  17. Web site: April 1998. Tajikistan - Leninabad: Crackdown In The North. 2 June 2014. Hrw.org. 2 November 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081102175753/http://www.hrw.org/reports98/tajikistan/. live.
  18. Web site: Republic of Tajikistan, Presidential Election 6 November 2013: OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report. 5 February 2014. OSCE/ODIHR. 20 May 2016. 5 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160605163749/http://www.osce.org/odihr/110986?download=true. live.
  19. Web site: Putz. Catherine. Tajikistan's Presidential Election Yields Expected Results. live. 30 January 2021. thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. 26 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126062101/https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tajikistans-presidential-election-yields-expected-results/.
  20. Web site: Abdulkerimov. Bahtiyar. Tajikistan's president sworn in for 5th term. live. 30 January 2021. aa.com.tr. Anadolu Agency. 19 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210119220020/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tajikistans-president-sworn-in-for-5th-term/2025251.
  21. Web site: Amid Fraud Allegations, Results Give Tajikistan's Rahmon Fifth Presidential Term. live. 30 January 2021. rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 26 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126085812/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-rahmon-extend-authoritarian-rule-ceremonial-election/30887682.html.
  22. Web site: Tajikistan Approves Constitutional Changes Tightening Rahmon's Grip On Power. 23 May 2016. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFE/RL. 26 May 2016. 26 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160526115353/http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-referenmdum-approved-rahmon-increasing-power/27751364.html. live.
  23. Web site: Why Does Tajikistan Need A Referendum?. 20 May 2016. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFE/RL. 20 May 2016. 21 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160521144111/http://www.rferl.org/content/qishloq-ovozi-tajikistan-referendum-rahmon/27747496.html. live.
  24. Web site: Tajiks to vote in 'president-for-life' referendum. https://web.archive.org/web/20160616193033/http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0VJ0IU?sp=true. dead. June 16, 2016. 10 February 2016. Reuters. 20 May 2016.
  25. Web site: Tajikistan: regime eternalization completed?. 26 January 2017. The Politicon. 26 January 2017. 8 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171108093820/http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/275-tajikistan-regime-eternalization-completed.html. dead.
  26. Filippo Menga, "Public Construction and Nation-Building in Tajikistan" in Nation-Building and Identity in the Post-Soviet Space: New Tools and Approaches (eds. Rico Isaacs & Abel Polesem: Taylor & Francis: 2016), p. 197.
  27. Anna Kreikemeyer, "National Sovereignty and Eurasian Regionalism: Defensive Answers on Transnational Threats in Central Asia" in European Peace and Security Policy: Transnational Risks of Violence (Nomos Bloomsbury: 2015), p. 174.
  28. Luke Harding: WikiLeaks cables paint bleak picture of Tajikistan, central Asia’s poorest state, The Guardian, 12 Dec 2010.
  29. News: Tajikistan Launches Giant Power Plant To Tackle Energy Problems. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 November 2018 . en. 2018-12-04. 4 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102219/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-to-launch-giant-power-plant-to-tackle-energy-problems/29604156.html. live.
  30. Web site: Tajikistan Reportedly Calls On Allies For Help With Security Challenges From Afghanistan. 7 July 2021. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. en. 4 August 2021. 22 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211122165303/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-csto-help-afghanistan/31346198.html. live.
  31. Web site: Заседание Совета Безопасности Республики Таджикистан | Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان. president.tj. 4 August 2021. 11 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210711030506/http://president.tj/ru/node/26124. live.
  32. Web site: 25 December 2015. Қонуни Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон дар бораи Асосгузори сулҳу ваҳдати миллӣ – Пешвои миллат. 20 May 2016. Official Website of the President of Tajikistan. 25 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160525063614/http://www.prezident.tj/taxonomy/term/5/950. live.
  33. Web site: 11 December 2015. Tajikistan: Leader of the Nation Law Cements Autocratic Path. 20 May 2016. EurasiaNet.org. 12 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160612093010/http://www.eurasianet.org/node/76521. live.
  34. Web site: 10 December 2015. Teflon Rahmon: Tajik President Getting 'Leader' Title, Lifelong Immunity. 20 May 2016. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFE/RL's Tajik Service. 13 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160413043446/http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-rahmon-lifelong-immunity/27419474.html. live.
  35. Web site: Tajikistan: No Hajj, No Hijab, and Shave Your Beard. Putz. Catherine. 17 April 2015. The Diplomat. 20 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20191021054613/https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/tajikistan-no-hajj-no-hijab-and-shave-your-beard/. 21 October 2019. dead.
  36. News: Tajikistan's crackdown on observant Muslims intensifies. 24 September 2017. The Economist. 21 September 2017. 24 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170924182614/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729451-beards-veils-madrassas-and-arabic-sounding-names-are-all-banned-tajikistans-crackdown-observant. live.
  37. Web site: Tajikistan's Islam-Averse Leader Goes to Mecca. 5 January 2016. EurasiaNet.org. 20 May 2016. 29 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160629230948/http://www.eurasianet.org/node/76686. live.
  38. Web site: Top Islamic Body Holds Foreign Minister Meeting In Dushanbe . Rferl.org . 18 May 2010 . 2 June 2014 . 21 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160921012914/http://www.rferl.org/content/Top_Islamic_Body_Holds_Foreign_Minister_Meeting_In_Dushanbe/2045729.html . live .
  39. News: Hizb ut Tahrir . BBC News . BBC . 27 August 2003 . 12 September 2013 . 28 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm . live .
  40. News: Casey. Michel. Trouble in Tajikistan: Analysts say the banning of a moderate Islamist party could unravel the country's post-civil war order. Al Jazeera. 5 November 2015. 23 February 2017. 13 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170213024031/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/11/trouble-tajikistan-151104085616528.html. live.
  41. News: Tajikistan human rights fears as banned party's ex-leaders jailed for life. The Guardian. Reuters. 2 June 2016. 23 February 2017. 24 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170224054606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/tajikistan-human-rights-fears-banned-irpt-party-leaders-jailed-life. live.
  42. News: Tajikstan passes law 'to stop Muslim women wearing hijabs'. Harriet Agerholm. 1 September 2017. The Independent. 28 December 2017. 6 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170906141934/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/tajikstan-muslim-hijabs-stop-women-law-headscarfs-central-asia-islam-a7923886.html. live.
  43. Web site: Qəhrəman ana - Tacikistanın birinci ledisi - FOTOLAR . Modern.az . 25 February 2013 . 2 June 2014 . 16 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220216030727/https://modern.az/articles/35043/1/ . live .
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  45. Web site: Ozoda Rahmon, who heads President's Executive Office, turns 40 today . Asia-Plus . 3 January 2018 . 29 September 2020 . 11 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210711082135/https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20180103/ozoda-rahmon-who-heads-presidents-executive-office-turns-40-today . live .
  46. News: Daughter Of Tajik President Named Deputy Head Of Major Bank . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . 18 July 2017 . Radio Free Europe/RadioLiberty . 26 January 2021 . 31 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170731215746/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikista-rahmon-daughter-zarina-bank/28624368.html . live .
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  54. Web site: 30 April 2016. Tajikistan Bans Giving Babies Russian-Style Last Names. 20 May 2016. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFE/RL. 27 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160827121127/http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-bans-giving-babies-russian-style-last-names/27708093.html. live.
  55. Web site: Rahmon Receives Honorary Doctorate Of Leadership From LimKokWing University . Bernama . 24 June 2014 . 25 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140913092807/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 . 13 September 2014 . dead .
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  57. Web site: Tajik President awarded Order of Alexander Nevsky Vestnik Kavkaza. vestnikkavkaza.net. en. 2017-03-04. 24 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190924225953/http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Tajik-President-awarded-Order-of-Alexander-Nevsky.html. live.
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  59. Web site: Emomali Rahmon Awarded the Mark of Honour of the Heads of Central Asian States | Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان. 11 August 2021. 11 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210811115804/http://president.tj/en/node/26325. live.
  60. Web site: МИД Кыргызстана вызвал посла Таджикистана в Бишкеке | Report.az . 8 October 2022 . 8 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153748/https://report.az/ru/amp/v-regione/mid-kyrgyzstana-vyzval-posla-tadzhikistana-v-bishkeke/ . live .
  61. Web site: president of the republic of tajikistan Receives Honorary Doctorate in arts From Cairo University . Cairo University. 12 March 2022 . 1 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220313003215/https://cu.edu.eg/ar/Cairo-University-News-14062.html . 13 March 2022.
  62. Web site: ru. Глава государства Касым-Жомарт Токаев наградил Президента Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмона орденом "Алтын Қыран". www.akorda.kz. 2023-05-04.

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