| Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov Russian: Илларион Иванович Воронцов-Дашков | |
| Birth Date: | 27 May 1837 |
| Birth Place: | Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Death Place: | Alupka, Taurida Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Branch: | Imperial Russian Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1856–1916 |
| Rank: | General of the Cavalry |
| Commands: | Russian Caucasus Army |
| Battles: | Caucasian War Russo-Turkish War Revolution of 1905 World War I |
| Awards: | see below |
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (Russian: Илларио́н Ива́нович Воронцов-Дашков; 27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a notable representative of the Vorontsov family. He served as Minister of Imperial Properties in 1881-97 and the Governor-General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty between 1905 and 1915.
Illarion Vorontsov was born on 27 May 1837 in Saint Petersburg. He took part in the conquest of Central Asia in the 1860s and was appointed Major General in 1866. He was in charge of the Hussar regiment of the Leub Guard in 1867–74. He was on friendly terms with the future Alexander III of Russia and, following Alexander's father's assassination, established a counter-revolutionary squad, or druzhina called the Holy Brotherhood. Alexander III put Vorontsov-Dashkov in charge of the imperial court and made him Full General of Cavalry. He also was made responsible for imperial stud farms and vineyards. Following Nicholas II's coronation, he was dislodged from the office of Minister of Imperial Properties but was appointed to the State Council of Imperial Russia instead. The Russian Revolution of 1905 recalled Vorontsov to active service, and he ascended to the helm of the Viceroyalty of the Caucasus.[1]
As Russia's second-to-last viceroy of the Caucasus, Vorontsov-Dashkov implemented several reformist policies, but his time in office was marred by a general era of revolution, war, and social upheaval.[2]
He was officially in charge of the victorious Russian forces in the Battle of Sarikamish during the early months of World War I, although the effective command lay with General Alexander Myshlayevsky. In September 1915 he was removed from command and replaced with Grand Duke Nicholas.[3] He died on 15 January 1916 in his Vorontsov Palace.
He married in 1867 Countess Elizaveta Andreevna Shuvalova, daughter of Count Andrei Petrovich Shuvalov. His youngest son Alexander's descendants represent the only continuation of the Vorontsov family in the male line.