Il manifesto explained

il manifesto
Italic Title:no
Motto:Quotidiano comunista
("Communist newspaper")
Type:Daily newspaper
Format:Berliner
Owners:Il nuovo manifesto società cooperativa editrice
Political:
Circulation:11,324 (May 2016)[5]
Headquarters:Rome, Italy
Editor:Andrea Fabozzi
Issn:0025-2158

Italian: il manifesto[6] (pronounced as /it/; English: "the manifesto") is an Italian daily newspaper published in Rome, Italy. While calling itself "communist" and broadly left-wing, it is not connected to any political party.[7]

History and profile

Italian: il manifesto was founded as a monthly review in 1969.[8] Its founders were a collection of left-wing journalists who engaged in the wave of critical thought and activity on the Italian left in that period. They included Luigi Pintor,, Lucio Magri, and Rossana Rossanda. In April 1971, it became a daily.[9]

Although critical of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), it was popular with many party supporters who saw it as more lively and independent than the party newspaper Italian: [[l'Unità]]. The 1991 dissolution of the PCI that gave birth to the social-democratic Democratic Party of the Left was not followed by Italian: il manifesto, a paper that maintains positions closer to those of more left-wing parties, such as the Communist Refoundation Party, while remaining independent. Italian: il manifesto is known in Italy for its bitter and sarcastic headlines, puns, and clever choice of photographs. For example, the day of the election of Pope Benedict XVI, the first page of Italian: il manifesto featured a large photo of the newly elected pope along with the title "the German Shepherd". Throughout its history, eminent Italian literary personalities have contributed to the newspaper such as the satirical poet Stefano Benni, the novelist Erri De Luca, and the novelist, philosopher, and linguist Umberto Eco. Additionally, it has included the satirical drawings of Vauro Senesi. For several years throughout the 1970s and 2000s, Parlato served as the editor-in-chief of the daily.[10] From 2010 to 2023, its director included Norma Rangeri.[11]

On 21 December 2000, the newspaper's office in Rome was the target of a bomb attack by Andrea Insabato, a neo-fascist with past ties to the Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari and Terza Posizione. Insabato was seriously injured when the bomb detonated prematurely, and he was the attack's only casualty.[12] One of its reporters, Giuliana Sgrena, was kidnapped by Iraqi insurgents in February 2005 and released on 4 March of that same year. A controversy erupted when the Rescue of Giuliana Sgrena resulted in the shooting of her rescue vehicle by American troops and the killing of an Italian security agent.[13]

Financial problems

By the late 2000s, state aid to media in Italy was dropping and Italian: il manifesto began to operate at a loss. It was owned by a cooperative of journalists until entering legal liquidation in February 2012.[14] Despite this, it continued to publish. The cooperative announced a subscription campaign to buy back the brand, which was successful in July 2016.[15]

Circulation

Italian: il manifesto had a circulation of 24,728 copies in 2008,[16] [17] 22,140 copies in 2009, and 18,978 copies in 2010.[17] Its circulation fell to 10,516 by 2014.[18]

Editors-in-chief

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Il Manifesto: Fifty Years of an Italian Communist Daily .
  2. Web site: Unorthodox communism in Italy and the experience of Il Manifesto group (II): An Interview with Rossana Rossanda . 17 May 2016 .
  3. Web site: "What do we want? Everything!" | International Socialist Review .
  4. Book: Conway. Kyle. Davier. Lucile. 24 April 2019. Journalism and Translation in the Era of Convergence. Amsterdam. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 57. 978-90-272-6255-4. 27 June 2023. Google Books.
  5. http://www.fieg.it/documenti_item.asp?page=1&doc_id=330 "Ads: tirature e diffusioni di quotidiani, settimanali (maggio 2016) e mensili (aprile 2016)"
  6. Web site: 28 agosto 2020. 28 August 2020. il manifesto. it-IT.
  7. Web site: il manifesto. 5 November 2015. il manifesto is an Italian national daily newspaper. 28 August 2020. Medium.
  8. News: Austerity threatens Europe's Left press. 1 July 2015. Revolting Europe. 12 January 2012.
  9. Book: Gino Moliterno. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. 2005. Routledge. London and New York. 0-203-74849-2. 11 January 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150109142838/http://sociology.sunimc.net/htmledit/uploadfile/system/20100921/20100921021511436.pdf. 9 January 2015. dmy-all.
  10. News: Clyde Haberman. Newspaper Deal in Italy Stirs Debate over Press Freedom. 7 June 2015. The New York Times. 24 April 1989. Rome.
  11. News: Il collettivo del manifesto. 22 May 2016. Il manifesto. 27 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150327072107/http://ilmanifesto.info/il-collettivo-del-manifesto/. dead.
  12. Web site: Goodbye, Il Manifesto. 17 August 2020. libcom.org. 22 December 2012.
  13. News: Bush repeats Italian death regret. 7 April 2005. CNN. 30 November 2014.
  14. News: Buying back 'il manifesto'. Dominique Vidal. December 2014. Le Monde diplomatique. 30 November 2014.
  15. News: Il manifesto, i giornalisti ricomprano la testata. "Siamo tornati padroni di un giornale indipendente e autogestito". 15 July 2016. il Fatto Quotidiano. 1 August 2016.
  16. http://www.adsnotizie.it/certif/certificati_2008.xls "Data for average newspaper circulation in 2008"
  17. Web site: National Newspapers. International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations. 6 March 2015.
  18. http://www.primaonline.it/2014/04/07/182029/diffusione-stampa-quotidiani-e-settimanali-a-febbraio-mensili-a-gennaio-tabelle/ "Diffusione stampa: quotidiani e settimanali a febbraio, mensili a gennaio (Ads, gennaio e febbraio 2014)"

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