Ikarus IO explained

The Ikarus IO (Serbian Cyrillic:Икарус ИО – Извиђач Обални) was a biplane flying boat produced in Yugoslavia in the late 1920s. It was a conventional flying boat design for its day, featuring a large single-bay wing cellule, the staggered wings of slightly uneven span braced with N-struts. The pilot and observer sat side by side in an open cockpit, and a gunner sat in an open position ahead of them, in the bow. The pusher engine and frontal radiator were carried on struts in the inter-plane gap.

Development

After the crash of the Ikarus IM prototype reconnaissance seaplane (Serbian Cyrillic:Икарус ИМ – Извиђач Морнарички) with 260hp BMW IV engine, on 31 May 1926, Ikarus immediately started development of a second reconnaissance seaplane prototype powered by a NaNhp Liberty L-12 engine, also designed by Josef Mikl, the Ikarus Technical Manager. The new prototype was named Ikarus IO (Coastal Reconnaissance) and the first test flight took place from the Danube at Novi Sad in September 1926.

After all-round tests, the aircraft was given a positive assessment and the Naval Air Force ordered the first series of 12 aircraft, which were delivered during 1927, serialled 101 to 112. Based on observations arising from the operational use of the aircraft, certain modifications were applied and another 24 modified IOs were ordered, receiving serials 113 to 136. In parallel with the development of the second IO series, Ikarus built prototype aircraft powered by a Loren engine.[1]

The Ikarus IO was a flying boat with completely wooden structure, with wings rounded at the edges and covered with canvas. Auxiliary floats increased the stability of water-borne navigation. The two flight crew members, scout and pilot were seated side by side in parallel and the gunner sat in front of them in an open position with a Scarff ring gun mounting. Painted light gray, the aircraft were used in coastal reconnaissance and bombing roles and could carry about 250kg (550lb) of bombs and were armed with a 7.7abbr=onNaNabbr=on Darne machine gun mounted on the gunner's Scarff ring.

Variants

Markings subtypes of these aircraft were fitted with engines, according to [1]:

IO/Li:Coastal Reconnaissance seaplane with 400hp Liberty L-12, (36 copies + 1 prototype built the 1927th and 1928 when available).
  • IO/Lo
  • Coastal Reconnaissance seaplane with 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb, (1 copy – a prototype conversion 1929th year)
    IO/Re
  • Coastal Reconnaissance seaplane with 500hp Renault 12Ke(1 copy – the prototype of the 1930th year 1937),
    IO/Lo
  • Coastal Reconnaissance seaplane with 400hp Lorraine Dietrich-12Db, (20 copies – Conversion 1934th year).

    Operational history

    The IO was used by the Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia Navy as a coastal reconnaissance seaplane and light bomber from 1927 until 1941. The aircraft were deployed and served at Divulje, Vodice and Kumbor. Initially the IO suffered a high accident rate and by 1932 only 29 of the 37 production aircraft were still in service. Because of intensive use the Liberty engines were worn out and difficult to support necessitating substitution with Lorraine-Dietrich engines. In January 1941, 4 aircraft remained in service, of which two were airworthy, which were not used in operations before being withdrawn.

    Operators

    References

    1. Book: Taylor, Michael J. H. . Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation . 1989 . Studio Editions . London . 528 .
    2. Book: Лучић , Душан . sr:Основи практичне аеродинамике са описима аероплана . 1936 . Ваздухопловни Гласник . YU-Нови Сад . sr .
    3. Book: Микић , Сава Ј. . sr:Историја југословенског ваздухопловства . 1933 . Штампарија Д. Грегорић . YU-Београд . sr .
    4. Book: Оштрић , Шиме . М. Мицевски . sr:Летећи Чунови: Чамци који лете – летјелице које плове . 2007 . Галерија '73 . SRB-Београд . sr .
    5. Book: Isaić , Vladimir . Danijel Frka . Pomorsko zrakoplovstvo na istočnoj obali Jadrana 1918–1941. (prvi dio) . 2010 . Tko zna zna d.o.o. . Zagreb . hr . 978-953-97564-6-6 .
    6. Петровић . Огњан М. . 2000 . Војни аероплани Краљевине СХС/Југославије (Део I: 1918–1930.) . Лет – Flight . 2 . Музеј југословенског ваздухопловства . YU-Београд . sr . 1450-684X . стр. 21–84 .
    7. Book: Јанић , Чедомир . Петровић, Огњан . sr:Век авијације у Србији 1910–2010, 225 значајних летелица . 2010 . Аерокомуникације . Београд . sr . 978-86-913973-0-2.

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Петровић, Огњан М. (2/2000.). "Војни аероплани Краљевине СХС/Југославије (Део I: 1918 – 1930.)" (in (Serbian)). Лет – Flight (YU-Београд: Музеј југословенског ваздухопловства) 2: стр. 21–84.

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