| Igor Mandić | |
| Birth Date: | 20 November 1939 |
| Birth Place: | Šibenik, Banovina of Croatia, Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
| Death Place: | Zagreb, Croatia |
| Language: | Croatian |
| Nationality: | Croatian |
| Alma Mater: | University of Zagreb |
| Period: | 1959–2022 |
Igor Mandić (20 November 1939 – 13 March 2022) was a Croatian writer, literary critic, columnist and essayist. According to Croatian historian Slobodan Prosperov Novak, Mandić was the most important and the most versatile Croatian newspaper writer of the second half of the 20th century.[1] His polemic texts have marked a Yugoslav publicist epoch of the 1960s and 1970s. Known for his fresh, sharp writing style[1] and contrarian views, he has been dubbed "the master of quarrel".[2]
Igor Mandić was born in Šibenik on 20 November 1939.[3] Both of his parents were of mixed Croatian and Italian ancestry, from the region of Istria. His paternal grandfather was born in Kastavštine, but due to work moved to the Šibenik region at the end of the 19th century to become one of the areas first electrician's. Igor Mandić's father Emilio, whom Mandić described as a self-made man", was born in the small town of Konjevrate next to Šibenik. He owned a book store that had an important role in intellectual life of the Šibenik area.[4] His mother Adele Sirola was born in Pula to an ethnic-Italian father and an Italian-speaking Slavic mother. The Mandić and Sirola families were highly influential in Istria. During the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, Mandić's father did business with the Italians, all the while secretly helping the Partisan resistance[5] by supplying them with typewriters, a precious commodity during wartime. Nevertheless, the communist authorities nationalized his shop in 1948, leaving the family without its only source of income.[6]
Mandić finished elementary school in Split, where his family had moved after they lost the book store. After graduating from the classical gymnasium in Split in 1958, Mandić studied comparative literature at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, graduating in 1963.[7] During his university years Mandić began to write literary and music reviews, publishing them in student newspapers, literary magazines and cultural weeklies.[8]
In 1965, after completing his compulsory military service, Mandić settled permanently in Zagreb, working as a part-time literary critic for the Croatian daily Vjesnik.[3] A year later, Mandić got a full-time job in Vjesnik as a literary and music critic, and also a columnist in Vjesnik u srijedu, a popular weekly magazine published by the same company.[3]
Mandić's articles and columns quickly attracted attention. Particularly controversial was his music criticism; among others, his statement that Tchaikovsky's works "belong[ed] in a museum" drew an array of irate letters to the editor coming from individuals and organizations alike.[9] The editorial board was in a dilemma, as they wanted to keep Mandić, yet also to maintain good relations with the music establishment.[9] To resolve the problem, Vjesniks director Božidar Novak asked Miroslav Krleža, a leading Croatian and Yugoslav writer and intellectual of the era, what he thought about Igor Mandić's writings.[9] Krleža replied that, while he didn't agree with everything Mandić wrote, the society needed more critics such as him.[9] This proved to be crucial in saving Mandić's job in Vjesnik.[9] Mandić himself was not aware of the full extent of opposition to his views, and only learned about Krleža's intervention many years later.[9] A similar controversy erupted in 1974, when Mandić described Tchaikovsky's works as "the kitschiest opus in the history of music".[10]
In 1977, Mandić published a collection of his literary reviews, containing an October 1971 review of We Are All Guilty, a book by Croatian writer Petar Šegedin who was subsequently purged for his "extreme nationalism".[11] Following the publication, Mandić was criticized in a July 1977 speech by Dušan Dragosavac, Secretary of the Executive Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia, who found that this review did not sufficiently distance itself from Šegedin's theses, and accused Mandić of "nationalistic deviation".[11] Mandić felt this criticism was unfair and responded with an unprecedented open letter to Dragosavac, published in Oko magazine, in which he stood by his text, arguing that "one cannot falsify the history of literature by omitting parts which in no way have been ideologically condemned".[11] Dragosavac replied with an open letter of his own, maintaining that Mandić's review was unacceptable because of its "ideological-political aspects", but assured him that his status as an author should not be endangered.[11]
The attack on Mandić was continued by Komunist, the official publication of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, which — in an article titled "Misuse of our Democracy" — accused Mandić of "nationalism in action", and also criticized Oko and Vjesnik for publishing the two open letters without comment, that is, without saying who was right and who was wrong.[11] [12] Mandić responded with a letter in which he rejected the "nationalist" label, citing several of his Croatian Spring-era articles in which he was critical of nationalistic excesses.[13] Finally, Mandić was attacked in an article published in Vjesnik itself, which also warned against "bourgeois ideology, and the traditionally anticommunist and separatist base of Croatian nationalism".[11] In the aftermath of the affair, Mandić was barred from publishing in Croatian newspapers and magazines for more than a decade.[3] [14] He kept his employment, but was reassigned to Erotika, Vjesnik's softcore magazine,[15] and, while he was still able to publish his books, they went without a single review in the media.[14] In this period he collaborated with some Belgrade-based magazines such as NIN and Duga.[3]
From 1993 to 1995, Mandić wrote cultural commentaries for Slobodna Dalmacija, and since 1997 he worked as a freelance writer, publishing in various periodicals such as Novi Plamen.[7] [16]
Mandić was the editor-in-chief of Vjesnik from February to October 2000.[3] [17] He succeeded in introducing good-quality content and democratizing the government-controlled newspaper after a decade of Croatian Democratic Union rule, but was dismissed by the Supervisory Board for failing to boost circulation and make the paper profitable.[17] [18] [19]
Mandić was interviewed in Boris Malagurski's documentary film The Weight of Chains 2 (2014). In the later years he was writing a popular weekly column for Nedjeljni Jutarnji, Ćorava kutija.
Mandić died on 13 March 2022 in Zagreb, at the age of 82.[20]
In 1999, he received Matica hrvatska's award A. G. Matoš for his book Književno (st)ratište.[7] In 2005, he received a life achievement award of the Croatian Journalists' Association.[7] In 2006, at the book fair Sa(n)jam knjigu u Puli he received the Kiklop Award for his book Sebi pod kožu.[7] In 2008, he received the Joško Kulušić Lifetime Achievement Award from Slobodna Dalmacija daily newspaper.[21]
Mandić was a very prolific writer. He published literary critiques, socio-culturological feuilletons and essays. He was a lifetime collaborator of various radio and television stations.[22]
He published following books:[7]