| Idaho | |
| Official Name: | State of Idaho |
| Type: | U.S. State Appellation |
| Country: | United States |
| Sub Regions: | Snake River Valley AVA, Eagle Foothills AVA, Lewis-Clark Valley AVA |
| Climate Region: | Continental |
| Total Size: | 82643sqmi[1] |
| Grapes: | Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Lemberger, Malbec, Merlot, Muscat Canelli, Orange Muscat, Petit Verdot, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Syrah, Viognier, Zinfandel, Zweigelt[2] |
Idaho wine refers to wine produced in the state of Idaho.[3] Idaho has a long history of wine production with the first vineyards in the Pacific Northwest being planted here in the 1860s. Grapes were first planted in the state by French immigrants Louis Desol and Robert Schleicher, and Jacob Schaefer from Germany before grapes were ever planted in Washington and Oregon. Idaho wines were receiving national recognition before Prohibition crippled the industry and shutdown production. In fact, Idaho issued a state prohibition in 1916 before the 18th Amendment was enacted in 1920 and repealed in 1933. The state’s viticulture industry was not revived until the 1970s when first grape vines were planted in the Snake River Valley toward its southernmost area.[2] [4] Today, Idaho's viticulture is its fastest growing agricultural industry.[5]
Located in the Pacific Northwest, the wine regions of Idaho resembles Eastern Washington though the region is affected by a greater diurnal temperature variation. The average vineyard in Idaho sits at an altitude of among the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Advancements in vitculture has given winegrowers an understanding to plant vines in warmer localities limiting exposure to Idaho's severe winters which devastated crops during the 1970s and 1980s.In recent years, improved viticultural practices common in Idaho included open canopies over the vines, drip irrigation and aggressive pruning to ensure lower yields.[3]
Since the 1970s, Idaho wine has been known for its cool climate white varietals like Riesling (including Ice wine), Chenin blanc, Chardonnay and Gewürztraminer. In recent years there have been an increased focus on red wine productions, notably Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah.[3]
In 1999, the Idaho Department of Agriculture reported a total of twenty-three farms producing wine grapes. The farms reported a total of in production, which represented 7% of the state total area for fruit production.[6] By the 2006 report, a total of forty-nine farms were included in the census. These operations reported a total of in production with 843,052 vines of bearing age. This represents a growth of 85.8% over the 1999 survey. Canyon County vineyards contain 81% of the state's total inventory of grape vines.[7] As of 2017, The Idaho Wine Commission reports on about 1300 acres of grapes planted with expansions planned in each of the existing AVAs.[8]
According to the Idaho Wine Commission, the Gem State is one of the fastest-growing wine regions in the United States. In 2013, Idaho's wine industry had a $169.3 million impact, up from $73 million just five years before.[9] There were 40 wineries in Idaho in 2011, and by 2022 that number increased 75%. There are over 70 wineries in Idaho, with the largest and oldest winery being Snake River Valley's St Chapelle, founded 1975, in Caldwell. The state's economy was boosted $210 million by its wine industry in 2022, and as Idaho keeps growing, so will that number.[10] Vineyards with elevations up to 3000feet have an extended growing season, similar to Argentina's Uco Valley, home to some of the "world's best" Malbecs. Riesling and Malbec, both are perfectly suited for southern Idaho’s hilly terrain. Rhône varieties such as Syrah, Viognier, Petite Sirah and Grenache-Syrah-Mourvèdre blends also are wines to notice, as well as Petit Verdot and Tempranillo are keys to Idaho viticulture's success.[11]
The majority of the state's wineries are located in the Snake River Valley west of Boise.[3] Currently there over 70 wineries in Idaho.
The Snake River Valley lies in southwestern Idaho and two counties in Oregon encompassing 8263sqmi and was designated an American Viticultural Area (AVA) by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) on April 9, 2007. A petition was filed by the growers in the Snake River Valley, the Idaho Grape Growers and Wine Producers Commission, and the Idaho Department of Commerce and Labor. The AVA was established for wines to bear the Snake River Valley label where at least 85% of the grapes used for production must be grown in the AVA.[12] Vintners may now use the term to describe Idaho and Oregon wines made from grapes grown in the viticultural area.[13]
Eagle Foothills appellation was designated in November 2015. It is credited as a specialized grape-growing region because of the influence of nearby Prospect Peak at 4874feet in elevation and the granite pebbles mixed with volcanic ash/sandy loam as a result of Ancient Lake Idaho.[14] [15]
In the 1969 film Cactus Flower (based on two earlier plays) Ingrid Bergman reads the label of a bottle in a nightclub and says, "I didn't know they made champagne in Idaho." Later in the film, she tells her date, "Let's have some of that crazy Idaho champagne!"[16]
Cloris Leachman delivers a similar line in a 1971 episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show as Phyllis Lindstrom. When Mary presents a bottle of champagne to celebrate a new job, Phyllis reads the label and says, "I didn't know they even made it in Idaho."[17]
The gag gets extended treatment in The Muppet Movie from 1979, as Kermit the Frog orders a bottle of wine from the waiter (played by Steve Martin) to share with Miss Piggy. When the bottle arrives, Miss Piggy exclaims, "You mad impetuous thing—it's champagne!" to which Martin interjects, "Not exactly. Sparkling muscatel—one of the finest wines of Idaho." Martin later asks Kermit, "Don't you want to smell the bottle cap?" and, when Kermit asks the waiter to taste it for him, Martin dramatically spits it out, and says, "Excellent choice." "Should be, for 95¢," Kermit snarks to Miss Piggy.[18]