Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor explained
Sultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar (Malay: سلطان إبراهيم ابن المرحوم سلطان إسکندر|label=[[Jawi script|Jawi]]|script=arab|italic=unset; born 22 November 1958) is the seventeenth and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong (king of Malaysia). He is the fifth sultan of modern Johor, ascending to the throne following the death of his father, Sultan Iskandar, in 2010.
A motorcycle enthusiast, Ibrahim is the founder of the annual motorcycling tour event Kembara Mahkota Johor.[1]
On 31 January 2024, Ibrahim was sworn in as the seventeenth king of Malaysia,[2] having been elected to a five-year term on 27 October 2023.[3]
Biography
Early life
Tunku Ibrahim was born on 22 November 1958 at the Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, during the reign of his great-grandfather, Sultan Ibrahim of Johor. He was the third child and eldest son of Sultan Iskandar by his first wife, Josephine Ruby Trevorrow, an English woman from Torquay.[4] [5] [6] [7] Trevorrow, a proprietor by profession, temporarily took on the name Khalsom binti Abdullah following her marriage to Iskandar. Ibrahim's mother later remarried and returned to England.[8]
Ibrahim's great-grandfather died in London on 8 May 1959. Thus, Ibrahim's grandfather, Ismail, became Sultan of Johor. Ibrahim moved up to second in line to the throne, after his father. His father sent him to complete his secondary education at Trinity Grammar School in Sydney, from 1968 until 1970. After finishing high school, he was sent to the Army Training Centre (PULADA) in Kota Tinggi for basic military training. He also received military training in the United States, at Fort Benning, Georgia, and later at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.[9]
Ibrahim was appointed as the Crown Prince of Johor on 3 July 1981,[9] and has primarily resided at the Istana Pasir Pelangi since then.[10] [11] He served as the regent of Johor between 26 April 1984 and 25 April 1989 when his father served his term as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.[9] In recent years, Ibrahim gradually took over some state duties and functions from his aging father.[12] These included the 211th Conference of Rulers, where Ibrahim and Abdullah, the Crown Prince of Pahang, represented their fathers in the meetings,[13] among other state functions.[14]
Shortly before Filipino opposition politician Ninoy Aquino was assassinated at Manila International Airport on 21 August 1983, Ibrahim met Aquino upon his arrival in Singapore and later brought him to meet other Malaysian leaders across the Johor–Singapore Causeway.[15] Once in Johor, Aquino also met with Ibrahim's father, Iskandar, who was a close friend.[16]
Sultan of Johor
A few hours before his father's death on 22 January 2010, Tunku Ibrahim was appointed as the Regent of Johor, following medical reports that suggested Sultan Iskandar's impending death.[17] Sultan Iskandar died on the same night, and Tunku Ibrahim was installed as the Sultan of Johor the following morning.[18] The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Johor, Abdul Ghani Othman cited that Sultan Ibrahim and immediate members of the royal family would undertake a mourning period of 40 days.[19] During the mourning season, Sultan Ibrahim made his inaugural presence at the Conference of Rulers in February 2010 as the Sultan of Johor.[20]
On 30 June 2011, Sultan Ibrahim drove the last train from Tanjong Pagar railway station, having received tuition from Chief Locomotive Inspector Hasnol Azahari Aman of Keretapi Tanah Melayu to enable him to do this. He stated that he wished to do this as his grandfather, Sultan Ismail, had opened the causeway between Singapore and Malaya in 1923, and that it was appropriate for him to drive the last train out of the station.[21]
Sultan Ibrahim also declared Muar as Johor's new royal capital, replacing Johor Bahru, on 5 February 2012. This coincided with the Maulidur Rasul celebrations.[22]
Sultan Ibrahim became the first ruler of Johor to celebrate his birthday celebration in Muar on 22 November 2012. He picked the town because it was "rich in history and tradition besides being peaceful, beautiful and progressive". He wanted the state government to gazette all the old buildings in the town as a state heritage. He also wants the local authorities to preserve the cleanliness of the Muar River which could be done by relocating the bus and taxi terminals elsewhere.[23]
Sultan Ibrahim was crowned as the Sultan of Johor on 23 March 2015.[24] The last coronation was that of his grandfather Sultan Ismail on 10 February 1960.[25] From 2015 onwards, 23 March was made an annual state public holiday as the Sultan's official birthday, replacing the public holiday on 22 November, the Sultan's actual birthday.[26]
Sultan Johor is noted for advocating religious moderation and has criticised the creeping Arabisation of Malaysian Muslim culture.[27] Despite being the only sultan in Malaysia without tertiary (post-secondary) education, he has promoted quality education for Johor.
On 6 January 2024, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that he would not grant any audiences until he ascended to the throne as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 31 January 2024. He would not accept any appointments except for the previously scheduled events and the weekly audiences with the Menteri Besar and the state government of Johor as he wanted to spend his remaining time before the ascension with the royal family.[28]
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
On 27 October 2023, the Conference of Rulers elected Sultan Ibrahim as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), replacing Sultan Abdullah of Pahang.[29] [30] During this time, the Conference of Rulers also elected Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak to a third term as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong.[31]
His official swearing in and possession of the Istana Negara occurred on 31 January 2024.
The Ceremonial Installation of Sultan Ibrahim as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong took place at the Throne Hall of the Istana Negara on 20 July 2024, a few months after his assumption of the throne.[32] The installation featured traditional Malay rites, ceremonial cannon fire, and was attended by various national dignitaries.[33]
Family
See also: Line of succession to the Malaysian throne.
Sultan Ibrahim married Raja Zarith Sofiah, daughter of Sultan Idris Shah II of Perak on 22 September 1982.[34] [35] They have six children:
- Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar (born 30 June 1984). He was appointed the Deputy Crown Prince in April 2006 by Sultan Iskandar,[36] and became the Crown Prince upon Sultan Ibrahim's accession in January 2010.
- Tunku Tun Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah (born 8 April 1986)[37] She was bestowed the title Tun by Sultan Ibrahim in 2012. She married Dato' Dennis Muhammad Abdullah (né Dennis Verbaas), a former semi-professional footballer from the Netherlands, on 14 August 2017.[38]
- Tunku Idris Iskandar (born 25 December 1987)[39] the Tunku Temenggong of Johor. He was appointed as the Regent of Johor during the absence of his father on 29 September 2012.[40]
- Almarhum (Late) Tunku Abdul Jalil (5 July 1990 – 5 December 2015) the Tunku Laksamana of Johor[41]
- Tunku Abdul Rahman (born 5 February 1993)[42] the Tunku Panglima of Johor
- Tunku Abu Bakar (born 30 May 2001) the Tunku Putera of Johor
Decrees
Public weekend from Saturday/Sunday to Friday/Saturday
Johor, as with the former Unfederated Malay States of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu, used to rest on Fridays and Saturdays, in contrast with the former Federated Malay States as well as Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak and the Federal Territory which observe their weekends on Saturdays and Sundays. Johor, together with Perlis, moved their weekend to Saturday and Sunday on 1 January 1994 to synchronise with neighboring Singapore as well as with Kuala Lumpur, as Johor by then was a quickly industrialising state.
However, on 22 November 2013, on Sultan Ibrahim's birthday celebrations, he decreed that Johor would move its weekend back to Friday and Saturday, to enable Muslims in the state to attend their Friday prayers, effective 1 January 2014. This move was not without controversy due to the disruptions it caused, particularly for private businesses dealing with Singapore. The private sector nevertheless continues to rest on Saturdays and Sundays.[43]
District name changes
In August 2015, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that the name of Kulaijaya district be reverted to its former name of Kulai.[44] He also decreed Nusajaya to be renamed to Iskandar Puteri, as well as renaming Ledang District to Tangkak District.[45] [46] [47]
Ban on vaping
Sultan Ibrahim issued a decree banning vaping in Johor effective 1 January 2016. The purposes of the ban was for the sake of the health of the residents of Johor. Kelantan and Terengganu followed soon after.[48]
Ban on oversized signboards
In January 2016, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that signboards for businesses must not exceed, to prevent any dangers to the public as well as to reduce unsightly signboards.[49]
Controversies
Allegations of criminal misconduct
Occasional reports of alleged criminal misconduct from the 1980s onwards marred Tunku Ibrahim's reputation somewhat, albeit to a much lesser extent than his father, Sultan Iskandar, whose past crimes had received considerable attention from mainstream media.[50] In the 1980s, he was convicted of shooting a man dead in a nightclub during a feud, but was quickly pardoned.[51] [52]
In late 1992 to early 1993, Tunku Ibrahim also experienced fallout from the Gomez Incident - in which his father and younger brother, Tunku Abdul Majid were accused of two separate but related incidences of assault which provoked nationwide moral outrage and ultimately resulted in constitutional amendments to allow members of royalty to be prosecuted for criminal wrongdoing. During that period of time, the press, which was supported by the Malaysian government, launched a series of press reports on the history of alleged incidents of royal wrongdoings,[53] of which parliamentarians highlighted that Tunku Ibrahim had been accused in at least two cases of assault in the 1980s.[54] This included Rahim Mohd Nor, who was allegedly assaulted by Tunku Ibrahim and who described his assault experience as an act of sadism by Tunku Ibrahim.[55]
In March 2005, a member of the Malaysian royalty allegedly assaulted a young woman by the name of Yasmin whom he accused of two-timing him with another policeman.[56] The victim's father, Mohd Yasin, later lodged a police report which alleged that the assault culprit was Tunku Ibrahim, the then Tunku Mahkota of Johor.[57]
Other incidents
In October 2005, a brawl occurred on Pulau Rawa after a Johor prince allegedly gatecrashed a wedding party. The prince ordered some guests off the island after a fight broke out when a woman refused to dance with one of the gatecrashers. The locals, who felt offended by the woman's attitude, went off but soon returned with golf clubs and weapons and started a fight. In the process, several people were injured and sent to hospital, while five others were arrested, including a 20-year-old prince from the Johor royal family. The names of the culprits were not released by the police, who chose to retain the confidentiality of the attackers.[58] The Tunku Mahkota issued a press statement to urge the culprits to apologise to the affected guests.[59]
The following June, press reports leaked that Tunku Ibrahim had chalked RM26,700 worth of unpaid traffic fines since 2000, causing much embarrassment to the crown prince.[60] [61] A later report quoted him settling all the past fines with the traffic police.[62]
Tunku Ibrahim also spent lavishly on an unusual car plate numbers. For example, in May 2012, he spent RM520,000 in a successful bid for the car number plate WWW 1[63] for his red orange Satria Neo.[64] [65] In January 2014, he spent a record breaking RM748,000 on the car plate number W1N for[66] his blue Suprima S.[67] In July 2016, he also spent a record breaking RM836,660 on the car plate number F1 for his ruby red Proton Perdana.[68] He continued to break records by securing the FF1 number plate for RM1.2 million and GOLD1 number plate for RM1.5 million. [69]
Business dealings
Although given a monthly allowance of RM27,000,[70] Sultan Ibrahim had done some business dealings such as
- Investment in Redtone (20% equity)[71]
- Investment in MOL AccessPortal (15% equity)[72]
- Investment in RedTone International (20% equity)[73]
- Investment in 7Eleven Malaysia (8.5% equity)[74]
- Investment in Berjaya Assets[75]
- Investment in Umobile (15% equity)[76]
- Investment in Berjaya Time Square (20% equity)[77]
- Sold 116 acres of prime seafront land in Johor Bahru (previously converted from State land to Sultanate land, formerly the southbound heavy vehicle and passenger vehicle separate border crossings from Malaysia to Singapore, before the Johor–Singapore Causeway) and coastal reclamation rights, to Guangzhou R&F for MYR 4.5 billion[78]
- Benalec Holdings reclamation sites in Pengarang
- Tanjung Piai for petroleum facilities and a maritime industrial park
- Country Garden's reclamation of 4 islands off Tanjung Kupang for the Forest City megaproject (expected size of 3,425 acres, adjacent to the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link), of which Sultan Ibrahim has 64.4% equity in Esplanade Danga 88 Sdn Bhd, which in turn has 34% equity in the joint-venture company Country Garden Pacific View (CGPV) Sdn Bhd.[79]
Titles and styles
| Royal Name: | Sultan Ibrahim |
| Dipstyle: | His Majesty |
| Offstyle: | Your Majesty |
| Altstyle: | Tuanku |
As a Sultan of Johor, Sultan Ibrahim's full title and style in Malay: Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S, Sultan Yang Dipertuan Bagi Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta’zim.[80]
while in English: His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S, The Sultan and Sovereign Ruler of the State of Johor, The Abode of Dignity and its dependencies.[81]
During his tenure as Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2024–present), Sultan Ibrahim's full title and style in Malay is: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim[82]
while in English: His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim, King of Malaysia[83] or simply His Majesty The King of Malaysia[84]
Honours
See also: List of honours of the Johor Royal Family by country.
Johor honours
Honours of Malaysia
- :
- :
- :
- :
- Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS) (14 February 2011)[91] [92]
- :
- :
- Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK) (19 April 2010)[94]
- :
- Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK) (17 May 2010)[95]
- Knight Grand Commander of Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – Dato' Seri[90]
- :
- :
- :
- :
Foreign honours
Honorary doctorate
References
- Ali, Abdullah, Malaysian Protocol and Correct Forms of Address, published by Times Books International, 1986,
- Cheong, Mei Sui, Information Malaysia: 1985 Year Book,published by Berita Publishing, 1985
- De Ledesma, Charles; Lewis, Mark; Savage, Pauline, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, published by Rough Guides, 2003,
- Karim, Gulrose; Tate, Desmond Muzaffar, Information Malaysia, published by Berita Publ. Sdn. Bhd., 1989
- Kershaw, Roger, Monarchy in South-East Asia: The Faces of Tradition in Transition, published by Routledge, 2001,
- Book: The Who's who in Malaysia. 6. 1967. first edition published in 1956. J. Victor. Morais. John Victor Morais.
- Morris, Ira J., My East was Gorgeous, by Ira J. Morris, published by Travel Book Club, 1958
- Nadarajah, K. N, Tengku Ahmad Rithauddeen: His Story, Pelanduk Publications, 2000,
- Nadarajah, Nesalamar, Johore and the Origins of British Control, 1895–1914, published by Arenabuku, 2000,
- Rahman, Abdul; Solomon, J. S., Challenging Times, published by Pelanduk Publications, 1985,
- The International Who's Who 2004: Book with Single-User Online Access, by Elizabeth Sleeman, published by Europa Publications, Published by Routledge, 2003,
- Towards Relevant Education: A General Sourcebook for Teachers, published by Education Forum (Philippines), Alternative Instructional Materials Project, Education Forum, 1986,
External links
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Notes and References
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160122/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F7%2F16%2Fnation%2F21830766&sec=nation Tunku Mahkota to lead tour for 10th year
- Web site: 65-Year Old Sultan Ibrahim Assumes the Throne as Malaysia's New King. Lokmat Times. 31 January 2024. 31 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240131072700/https://www.lokmattimes.com/international/65-year-old-sultan-ibrahim-assumes-the-throne-as-malaysias-new-king-a475/. live.
- News: Malaysia picks powerful ruler of Johor state as country's new king under rotation system . 27 October 2023 . . en . 27 October 2023 . 27 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231027172003/https://apnews.com/article/malaysia-king-johor-rotation-c6e942eaa60e18804e12e46c922cead3 . live .
- Facts on File Yearbook, Published by Facts on File, inc., 1957, Phrase: "Married: Prince Tengku Mahmud, 24, grandson of the Sultan of Johore, & Josephine Ruby Trevorrow, 21, daughter of an English textile..."
- Morris (1958), pg 244
- Information Malaysia: 1985
- The International Who's Who 2004, pp. 827
- Morais (1967), pg 198
- Karim, Tate (1989), pp. 572
- http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Monday/MyJohor/2468044/Article/index_html Magnificent abode for royals
- https://web.archive.org/web/20071015164059/http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F10%2F15%2Fsouthneast%2F19170015&sec=southneast Day of fun and feasting
- Thanam Visvanathan, Ruler with deep concern for people - Sultan Iskandar revered as protective guardian and helpful to all his subjects, pg 1, 8 April 2001, New Sunday Times Special (Sultan of Johor's Birthday)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160708/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F7%2F26%2Fnation%2F18405871&sec=nation Conference of Rulers meeting begins
- http://www.kic.com.my/php/press_release.php Official Launching and Opening Ceremony of the APH Multi Purpose Complex Fabrication and Supply Base – 12th June 2008
- https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E6DF153BF935A25753C1A965948260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=all AQUINO'S FINAL JOURNEY
- Towards Relevant Education: A General Sourcebook for Teachers (1986), Education Forum, pg 305
- http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsgeneral.php?id=470370 Tunku Mahkota Johor Appointed Regent Effective Today
- http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsgeneral.php?id=470519 Tunku Ibrahim Ismail Proclaimed As Sultan Of Johor
- http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/SEAsia/Story/STIStory_481144.html Sultan of Johor dies
- https://web.archive.org/web/20100214092709/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F2%2F10%2Fnation%2F20100210132537&sec=nation Conference of Rulers meets today
- Web site: Why I drove the last train out . Straits Times . 1 July 2011 . 18 July 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110704003713/http://blogs.straitstimes.com/2011/7/1/royal-on-the-rails . 4 July 2011 .
- Web site: Muar declared as royal town of Johor. HAMDAN RAJA. ABDULLAH. 25 November 2012. 31 January 2024. The Star. subscription. 1 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240201010148/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/11/25/muar-declared-as-royal-town-of-johor. live.
- News: RAJA ABDULLAH. HAMDAN. Johor Ruler wants old buildings in Muar gazetted. https://archive.today/20130219044108/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/11/22/nation/20121122153733&sec=nation. dead. 19 February 2013. 22 November 2012. thestar.com.my. 22 November 2012.
- News: Coronation of Johor Sultan. 6 May 2015. The Star. Malaysia. 23 March 2015. 25 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150325165805/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/03/23/Storify-Johor-Coronation/. live.
- News: Ismail. Fauziah. Ruler close to the people's heart. 6 December 2012. New Straits Times. 17 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120821095124/http://www.nst.com.my/streets/johor/ruler-close-to-the-people-s-heart-1.126308?localLinksEnabled=false. 21 August 2012. dead.
- News: Johor declares March 23 public holiday replacing Nov 22. 6 May 2015. The Star. Malaysia. 19 March 2015. 25 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150525105950/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/03/19/johor-declares-march-23-ruler-birthday-holiday/. live.
- News: Malaysian democrats pin their hopes on the country's royals. 29 January 2017. The Economist. 28 January 2017. 4 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170204110337/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21715699-they-make-unlikely-saviours-malaysian-democrats-pin-their-hopes-countrys-royals. live.
- Web site: Johor's Sultan Ibrahim no longer granting audiences until Jan 31. The Star. 6 January 2024. 10 January 2024. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110141709/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/01/06/johor039s-sultan-ibrahim-no-longer-granting-audiences-until-jan-31#:~:text=Former%20state%20sec%20is%20new,Pertuan%20Agong%20on%20Jan%2031. live.
- News: Sultan Ibrahim of Johor to be appointed Malaysia's king, 34 years after his father's reign . 27 October 2023 . Channel News Asia . 27 October 2023 . 27 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231027092249/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/sultan-johor-next-malaysia-king-ydpa-agong-monarchy-3876646 . live .
- News: Malaysian sultans choose new king in unique rotational monarchy . 27 October 2023 . Al Jazeera . 27 October 2023 . 27 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231027101526/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/27/malaysian-sultans-choose-new-king-in-unique-rotational-monarchy#:~:text=The%20Yang%20di%2DPertuan%20Agong%20or%20“King%20of%20Kings”,more%20active%20role%20in%20politics. . live .
- News: Johor Ruler Sultan Ibrahim is new Agong for five years from January 31, 2024; Perak's Sultan Nazrin named as deputy . 27 October 2023 . Malay Mail . 27 October 2023 . 27 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231027080621/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2023/10/27/johor-ruler-sultan-ibrahim-is-new-agong-to-serve-five-years-from-january-31-2024-peraks-sultan-nazrin-is-deputy-agong/98675 . live .
- Web site: BERNAMA . 2024-07-20 . INSTALLATION CEREMONY: CABINET MEMBERS CONGRATULATE HIS MAJESTY SULTAN IBRAHIM . 2024-07-20 . BERNAMA . en.
- News: 20 July 2024 . Malaysia honors a new king in coronation marked by pomp and cannon fire . 2024-07-23 . Associated Press . en.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160241/http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F5%2F14%2Fsouthneast%2F21218447&sec=southneast Tribute to mothers’ caring nature
- https://web.archive.org/web/20080914041418/http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F29%2Fsouthneast%2F1897799&sec=southneast Raja Zarith: Education more important than popularity
- https://web.archive.org/web/20060410172958/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F4%2F9%2Fnation%2F13915164&sec=nation Tunku Mahkota’s son named Raja Muda of Johor
- https://web.archive.org/web/20121023002930/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-82765264.html Raja Zarith Sofiah is new Pro-Chancellor
- Web site: Source reveals tantalising details on Tunku Tun Aminah's upcoming nuptials . Chuah Bee Kim . 17 July 2017 . 18 July 2017 . 15 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170815025301/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/07/258121/source-reveals-tantalising-details-tunku-tun-aminahs-upcoming-nuptials . live .
- http://74.6.146.244/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=%22raja+zarith+sofiah%22+son&fr=yfp-t-web&u=www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Friday/Stories/2177827/Article/&w=%22raja+zarith+sofiah%22+son&d=bhA4EQ-YSI91&icp=1&.intl=mye Royals visit special people
- News: Tunku Temenggong Johor appointed as regent. 29 September 2012. Bernama. New Straits Times. 29 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120929154922/http://www.nst.com.my/latest/tunku-temenggong-johor-appointed-as-regent-1.150102?localLinksEnabled=false. 29 September 2012. dead.
- News: Johor Ruler honours his children. https://archive.today/20130219043806/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/11/22/nation/12356277&sec=nation. dead. 19 February 2013. 22 November 2012. thestar.com.my. 22 November 2012.
- http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2008&dt=0113&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_01.htm Impian puteri raja
- Web site: Johor's Friday-Saturday weekend – good and bad. Malaysiakini. 25 November 2013. 14 January 2016. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043841/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/247515. live.
- Web site: Johor Sultan decrees Kulaijaya revert to Kulai name | The Star. www.thestar.com.my.
- Web site: Johor's administrative capital Nusajaya to be renamed Iskandar Puteri. 7 December 2015. Straits Times. 24 July 2016. 22 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170722153633/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/johors-administrative-capital-nusajaya-to-be-renamed-iskandar-puteri. live.
- News: Nusajaya to be renamed Iskandar Puteri. Zazali Musa. 7 December 2015. The Star Online. 16 March 2019. 17 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617154901/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/07/nusajaya-to-be-renamed-iskandar-puteri/. live.
- News: Name changes for Johor districts. Ben Tan. 7 December 2015. The Rakyat Post. 16 March 2019. 27 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151227075002/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/12/07/name-changes-for-johor-districts-2/. dead.
- Web site: Sultan to ban vape shops in Johor from Jan 1, AsiaOne Asia News . news.asiaone.com . 14 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151202105744/http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/sultan-ban-vape-shops-johor-jan-1 . 2 December 2015 . dead.
- Web site: No oversized signboards in JB [VIDEO] | New Straits Times]. Chuah Bee. Kim. 2 January 2016. NST Online. 13 March 2021. 24 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124072528/https://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/01/120148/no-oversized-signboards-jb-video. live.
- Kershaw (2001), pg 111
- Ledesma, Lewis, Savage (2003), pg 366
- http://www.iht.com/articles/1992/12/15/mayl.php Malaysia Prepares To Strip Sultans Of Their Immunity
- Monarchy in South-East Asia: The Faces of Tradition in Transition, Kershaw, pg 110-1
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- Tengku Mahkota 'Sadistic': Rahim", Berita Harian, 3 February 1993
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070329155956/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F3%2F25%2Fnation%2F17249821&sec=nation Prince probed for assaulting woman friend
- http://www.mstar.com.my/cms/content.jsp?id=com.tms.cms.article.Article_83253171-c0a85062-1364ee50-18049b21 Kerabat diraja disiasat kes pukol kekasih
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4352378.stm Johor royal gatecrashes wedding
- SAY SORRY - It shouldn't have happened, says Tunku Mahkota, pp 1–3, Aishah Ali, 23 October 2005, New Straits Times
- http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/52731 Another VIP with outstanding traffic fines
- http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/52738 又一名大人物没缴还交通传票
- http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/52855 Tunku Ibrahim settles fines
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- 1752538943097327911 . amerhadiazmi . According to Istana Negara, the Agong and Raja Permaisuri Agong are to be officially referred to as King and Queen of Malaysia. Foreign press has often referred to the positions as such for the benefit of our foreign audience, but I think this is first time it's made official? . Hadi . Azmi . 31 January 2024 . 31 January 2024.
- See photo
- Web site: Laman Web Rasmi Kemahkotaan DYMM Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Johor. kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my. 30 March 2015 . 24 February 2020. 27 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210127214215/https://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/darjah-kebesaran/darjah-kebesaran-baharu/. live.
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- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/02/25/johor-ruler-receives-darjah-kerabat-kedah-from-kedah-sultan/ DK (Kedah)
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- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2010/04/21/sultan-of-perak-82nd-birthday-honours-list/ Sultan of Perak 82nd birthday honours list
- DK (Perlis) – Article in Malay : 1
- https://www.mstar.com.my/lokal/semasa/2009/10/24/tunku-mahkota-johor-dahului-senarai-penerima-darjah-kebesaran-sarawak Tunku Mahkota Johor dahului senarai penerima darjah kebesaran Sarawak
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- 柔佛苏丹依布拉欣 获陛下颁赠DKMB勋章, Article in Chinese
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