Ibrahim Adil Shah I Explained

Ibrahim Adil Shah Buzurg
Succession:4th Sultan of Bijapur
Reign:1534 – 1558
Full Name:Sultan Abul Nasser Ibrahim Adil Shah
Predecessor:Mallu Adil Shah
Successor:Ali Adil Shah I
Spouse:Khusrow-un-nisa begum (daughter of Asad Khan Lari)
Rabiya Sultana (daughter of Aladdin Imad Shah)
Issue:
Dynasty:Adil Shahi Empire
Father:Ismail Adil Shah
Mother:Fatima Beebi
Birth Place:Bijapur
Death Date:1558
Death Place:Bijapur
Date Of Burial:1558
Place Of Burial:In the campus of the Great Sufi Saint Chandah Husaini of Gogi, Shahpur, District Gulbarga, next to his father and grandfather.
Religion:Sunni Islam[1] [2] [3]

Ibrahim Adil Shah I (Persian: {{Nastaliq|ابراهیم عادل شاه;) was a Sultan and later Shah of the Indian kingdom of Bijapur. He succeeded his elder brother, Mallu Adil Shah, through the machinations of the Afaqi faction at the court. He was the first Adil Shahi ruler to assume the royal title of Shah.

Faith

Having a strong penchant for Sunni Islam, the religion of most Deccani Muslims[4] —on his accession he deleted the names of the twelve Shi'ah Imams from the Khutbah, discontinued previous Shia practices and restored the exercise of the Sunni Islamic practices.[5] [6] [7] He deviated from the traditions of his predecessors and introduced many innovations in the political and religious policies. He degraded most of the afaqi faction (with a few exceptions), and in their place enrolled the Deccani (including the Marathas and Habashis) to the services, retaining only four hundred afaqi troops as his bodyguard. Consequently, he brought Sunni Muslims to power and ended Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts[8] [9] and many Marathas acquired great influence at his court and public accounts began to be maintained in Marathi.

Policies

Ibrahim's anti-afaqi policy, however, considerably weakened the kingdom as the dismissed personnel joined the service of the neighbouring rulers. This exposed the kingdom to a series of invasions. Yet it was the veteran afaqi leader Asad Khan Lari (Buried in Belgaum), who acting as a diplomatic counselor to Ibrahim, saved the kingdom in the hour of crisis.

Reign

See main article: Deccan Sultanates-Vijayanagar Empire Wars. The reign of Ibrahim, which lasted twenty-four years and a few months, was full of alliances and counter-alliances with and against Ahmadnagar, Bidar, Berar, Golkonda and Vijayanagar. Although there were continuous expeditions little territorial expansion was made, for gains in one direction were compensated by loss on the other side. Thus while Bidar was conquered, Solapur and Kalyani were lost to Ahmadnagar. On the other hand, considerable acquisitions were made in the south along the west-coast. The farthest point of Bijapur territory now extended south of Goa. Further, though Golkonda was not subdued, Bijapur army were able to reach the walls of Golkonda fort and return triumphantly.

Death

Ibrahim was buried near the famous Sufi saint Chandah Hussaini Ashrafi in Gogi, where his father, Ismail and grandfather Yusuf were also buried. On his mausoleum is an inscription of the names of Allah, Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphs, and other Sahaba.[10]

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Muhammad Qasim Firishta's Tarikh-e-Firishta.
  2. Busateenus-Salateen a Persian Manuscript of Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi.
  3. Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi, Rouzatul Auliya-e-Bijapur.
  4. Book: Navina Najat Haidar. Marika Sardar. Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy. registration. 13 Apr 2015. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 9780300211108. 6. illustrated.
  5. Book: Shanti Sadiq Ali. The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. 1 Jan 1996. Orient Blackswan. 9788125004851. 112.
  6. Book: Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World. 2011. UPNE. 9781611680195. 36. illustrated.
  7. Book: Richard M. Eaton. A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1. 17 Nov 2005. Cambridge University Press. 9780521254847. 145. illustrated.
  8. Book: Radhey Shyam Chaurasia. History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.. 1 Jan 2002. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 9788126901234. 101.
  9. Book: Shihan de S. Jayasuriya. Richard Pankhurst. The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean. 2003. Africa World Press. 9780865439801. 196–7. illustrated.
  10. Book: Farooqui Salma Ahmed. A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. 2011. Pearson Education India. 9788131732021. 176.