Ibn Qutaybah Explained

Religion:Islam
Era:Islamic golden age
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī
ibn Qutaybah
Birth Date:828CE, 213 AH
Birth Place:Kufa, Abbasid Caliphate
Death Date:15 Rajab 276AH/13 November, 889
School Tradition:Athari[1] [2]
Region:Abbasid Caliphate
Occupation:Scholar of Islam
Main Interests:politics, history, Tafsir, Hadith, Kalam and Arabic literature
Denomination:Sunni

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī better known simply as Ibn Qutaybah (Arabic: ابن قتيبة|Ibn Qutaybah; c. 828 – 13 November 889 CE/213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH)[3] was an Islamic[4] scholar of Persian descent.[5] [6] [7] [8] He served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, but was best known for his contributions to Arabic literature.[9] [10] He was an Athari theologian[2] [11] and polymath[12] [13] [14] who wrote on diverse subjects, such as Qur'anic exegesis, hadith, theology, philosophy, law and jurisprudence, grammar, philology, history, astronomy, agriculture and botany.

Biography

His full name is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim ibn Qutaybah ad-Dīnawarī. He was born in Kufa in what is now Iraq.[15] [16] He was of Persian descent; his father was from Merv, Khorasan. Having studied tradition and philology he became qadi in Dinawar during the reign of Al-Mutawakkil,[10] and afterwards a teacher in Baghdad.[15] [16] He was the first representative of the school of Baghdad philologists that succeeded the schools of Kufa and Basra. He was known as a vocal opponent of "gentile" or shu'ubi Islam, i.e. openness to non-Islamic wisdom and values.[17]

Legacy

He was viewed by Sunni Muslims as a hadith Master, foremost philologist, linguist, and man of letters. In addition to his literary criticism and anthologies, he was also known for his work in the problems of Tafsir or Qur'anic interpretation.[9] He also authored works on astronomy and legal theory.[16] [18] His book Uyun al-Akhbar, along with the romantic literature of Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri and Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur, were considered by lexicographer Ibn Duraid to be the three most important works for those who wished to speak and write eloquently.[19] [20]

His work Taʾwīl mukhtalif al-ḥadīth was an influential early Atharite treatise that rebuked rationalists on the nature of Tradition. In his treatise, Ibn Qutayba censures the mutakallimūn (scholastic theologians) for holding contradictory and differing views on the principles of religion.[21]

Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 1062 CE) gathered passages from Ibn Qutayba's Kitāb mushkil al-Qurʾān and Kitāb ghafīb al-Qurʾān and arranged them to be in the same order as the relevant Qurʾān chapters in a work called Kitāb al-Qurṭayn.[22]

Works

He wrote more than 60 books,[23] including :

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Schmidtke . Sabine . The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology . Abrahamov . Binyamim . Oxford University Press . 2014 . 978-0-19-969670-3 . New York. 276. Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology .
  2. El Shamsy. Ahmed. 2007. The First Shāfiʿī: The Traditionalist Legal Thought of Abū Yaʿqūb al-buwayṭī (d. 231/846). Islamic Law and Society. Brill Publishers. 14. 3. 324-325. JSTOR.
  3. Joseph T. Shipley, Encyclopedia of Literature, Volume 1 - Page 37
  4. Encyclopedia: Ibn Qutaybah. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 9 June 2012.
  5. Encyclopedia: Rosenthal. Franz. EBN QOTAYBA, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD ʿABD-ALLĀH. Encyclopædia Iranica. 9 June 2012.
  6. Book: Adamec, Ludwig W.. Historical Dictionary of Islam (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series). limited. May 11, 2009. Scarecrow Press. 978-0810861619. Second. 259.
  7. [Camilla Adang]
  8. Arnold E. Franklin, This Noble House: Jewish Descendants of King David in the Medieval Islamic East, University of Pennsylvania Press (2012), p. 63
  9. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095955647 Abd Allah Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Muslim al-Dinwari Ibn Qutaybah
  10. [Christopher Melchert]
  11. Book: Schmidtke. Sabine. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Abrahamov. Binyamim. Oxford University Press. 2014. 978-0-19-969670-3. New York. 276. Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology.
  12. [Michael Bonner]
  13. [Issa J Boullata]
  14. Sean Anthony, The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism, BRILL (2011), p. 162
  15. John C. Lamoreaux, The Early Muslim Tradition of Dream Interpretation, pg. 27. SUNY series in Islamic spirituality. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
  16. John C. Lamoreaux, "Sources on Ibn Bahlul's Chapter on Dream Interpretation." Taken from Augustine and His Opponents, Jerome, Other Latin Fathers After Nicaea, Orientalia, pg. 555. Ed. Elizabeth A. Livingstone. Volume 33 of Studia patristica. Peeters Publishers, 1997.
  17. Book: Hoyland . Robert G. . In God's Path The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire . 2014 . 217–8 . Oxford University Press . 14 January 2020.
  18. Introduction to The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology , pg. 22. Eds. Shahid Rahman, Tony Street and Hassan Tahiri. Volume 11 of Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science SeriesThe Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology and Their Interactions. New York: Springer Publishing, 2008.
  19. Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Defing Adab by re-defining the Adib: Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur and storytelling." Taken from On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature, pg. 303. Ed. Philip F. Kennedy. Volume 6 of Studies in Arabic language and literature. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005.
  20. Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Ibn Abi Tayfur versus al-Jahiz." Taken from ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, pg. 250. Ed. James Edward Montgomery. Volume 135 of Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Peeters Publishers, 2004.
  21. Book: Schmidtke . Sabine . The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology . Abrahamov . Binyamim . Oxford University Press . 2014 . 978-0-19-969670-3 . New York . 276. Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology.
  22. Roberto Tottoli, 'The Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ of Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 454/1062): Stories of the Prophets from al-Andalus', Al-Qantara, 19.1 (1998), 131–60.
  23. [Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch]
  24. Book: A.C. Brown. Jonathan. Jonathan A.C. Brown. Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (Foundations of Islam series). 2009. Oneworld Publications. 978-1851686636. 166.
  25. https://archive.org/details/20190926_20190926_0610 Online link
  26. See: Luisa Arvide, Relatos, University of Almeria Press, Almeria 2004 (in Arabic and Spanish).
  27. Arvide Cambra, L.M. (2014), "Kitab 'Uyun al-Akhbar of Ibn Qutayba (828-889)", Advances in Education Research (Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Social Science, ICASS 2014), vol. 51, pp. 650-653.

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