Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explained

Religion:Islam
Honorific Prefix:Imam
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
Native Name:ابن حجر العسقلاني
Native Name Lang:ar
Birth Place:Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate
Death Place:Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate
Era:
Resting Place:City of the Dead, Cairo, Egypt
Shaykh al-Islam
Hafiz
Denomination:Sunni
Jurisprudence:Shafi'i
Creed:Ash'ari[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Influenced:Al-Sakhawi[7]
Zakariyya al-Ansari
Al-Suyuti

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (Arabic: ابن حجر العسقلاني; 18 February 1372 – 2 February 1449), or simply ibn Ḥajar,[8] was a classic Islamic scholar "whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of hadith."[9] He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, exegesis, poetry, and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari.[10] He is known by the honorific epithets Hafiz al-Asr "Hafiz of the Time", Shaykh al-Islam "Shaykh of Islam", and Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith "Leader of the Believers in Hadith".[11]

Early life

He was born in Cairo in 1372, the son of the Shafi'i scholar and poet Nur ad-Din 'Ali. His parents had moved from Alexandria, originally hailing from Ascalon (Arabic: عَسْقَلَان, ).[12] "Ibn Hajar" was the nickname of one of his ancestors, which was extended to his children and grandchildren and became his most prominent title. His father, Ali bin Muhammad Asqalani, was also a scholar, and for a while, he was the deputy of Ibn Aqeel Baha'udin, Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman Shafi'i. He was also a poet and had several diwans and was allowed to give fatwas .[13] Both of his parents died in his infancy, and he and his sister, Sitt ar-Rakb, became wards of his father's first wife's brother, Zaki ad-Din al-Kharrubi, who enrolled Ibn Hajar in Qur'anic studies when he was five years old. Here he excelled, learning Surah Maryam in a single day and memorising the entire Qur'an by the age of 9.[14] He progressed to the memorization of texts such as the abridged version of Ibn al-Hajib's work on the foundations of fiqh.

Education

When he accompanied al-Kharrubi to Mecca at the age of 12, he was considered competent to lead the Tarawih prayers during Ramadan. When his guardian died in 1386, Ibn Hajar's education in Egypt was entrusted to hadith scholar Shams ad-Din ibn al-Qattan, who entered him in the courses given by Sirajud-Din al-Bulqini (d. 1404) and Ibn al-Mulaqqin (d. 1402) in Shafi'i fiqh, and Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi (d. 1404) in hadith, after which he travelled to Damascus and Jerusalem, to study under Shamsud-Din al-Qalqashandi (d. 1407), Badr al-Din al-Balisi (d. 1401), and Fatima bint al-Manja at-Tanukhiyya (d. 1401). After a further visit to Mecca, Medina, and Yemen, he returned to Egypt. Al-Suyuti said: "It is said that he drank Zamzam water in order to reach the level of adh-Dhahabi in memorization—which he succeeded in doing, even surpassing him."[15]

Personal life

In 1397, at the age of twenty-five, Al-'Asqalani married the celebrated hadith expert Uns Khatun, who held ijazat from 'Abdur-Rahim al-'Iraqi and gave public lectures to crowds of 'ulama', including as-Sakhawi.[16] [17]

Positions

Ibn Hajar went on to be appointed to the position of Egyptian qadi (chief judge) several times. He had a scholarly rivalry with the Hanafi scholar Badr al-Din al-Ayni.[18]

Death

Ibn Hajar died after 'Isha' (night prayer) on 8th Dhul-Hijjah 852 (2 February 1449), aged 79. An estimated 50,000 people attended his funeral in Cairo, including Sultan Sayfud-Din Jaqmaq (1373–1453 CE) and Caliph of Cairo Al-Mustakfi II (CE).[10]

Works

Ibn Hajar wrote approximately 150 works[19] on hadith, hadith terminology, biographical evaluation, history, tafsir, poetry and Shafiʽi jurisprudence.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Namira Nahouza. Wahhabism and the Rise of the New Salafists: Theology, Power and Sunni Islam. 2018. I.B. Tauris. 9781838609832. 121–122. 2021-01-12. 2021-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201321/https://books.google.com/books?id=nyaODwAAQBAJ. live.
  2. Web site: Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Testimony and Proofs of the Scholars. Arabic. almostaneer.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20210128040753/https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/أكابر-محدثى-الأمة-وحفاظها-وأكابر-فقها. 28 January 2021.
  3. Web site: The Ash'ari School. Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki. As-Sunnah Foundation of America. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112184122/http://sunnah.org/2008/07/18/the-ashari-school-sayyid-alawi-al-maliki. 12 Jan 2021. Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani (d. 852/1449; Rahimahullah), the mentor of Hadith scholars and author of the book "Fath al-Bari bi-Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari", which not a single Islamic scholar can dispense with, was Ash'ari. The shaykh of the scholars of Sunni Islam, Imam al-Nawawi (d. 676/1277; Rahimahullah), author of "Sharh Sahih Muslim" and many other famous works, was Ash'ari. The master of Qur'anic exegetes, Imam al-Qurtubi (d. 671/1273; Rahimahullah), author of "al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an", was Ash'ari. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974/1567; Rahimahullah), who wrote "al-Zawajir 'an Iqtiraf al-Kaba'ir", was Ash'ari. The Shaykh of Sacred Law and Hadith, the conclusive definitive Zakariyya al-Ansari (d. 926/1520; Rahimahullah), was Ash'ari. Imam Abu Bakr al-Baqillani (d. 403/1013; Rahimahullah), Imam al-'Asqalani; Imam al-Nasafi (d. 710/1310; Rahimahullah); Imam al-Shirbini (d. 977/1570; Rahimahullah); Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati, author of the Qur'anic commentary "al-Bahr al-Muhit"; Imam Ibn Juzayy (d. 741/1340; Rahimahullah); author of "al-Tashil fi 'Ulum al-Tanzil"; and others – all of these were Imams of the Ash'aris..
  4. Book: Clinton Bennett

    . Bennett. Clinton. Clinton Bennett. The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies. Bloomsbury Academic. 15 January 2015. 9781472586902. 128. There are many followers of the Ash'ariyyah among the great Muslim scholars, such as al-Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir, al-Sauiti, al-Mazari, Ibn Hajer al Askalani, and al Nawawi.

  5. Book: Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez. The Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy. Oxford University Press. 2017. 9780198805939. 205. people who support burning established and respected works like Ibn Hajar's al-Fath al-Bari and al-Nawawi's Sharh Sahih Muslim because the authors are Ash'ari..
  6. Book: Mansfield. Laura. His Own Words: Translation and Analysis of the Writings of Dr. Ayman Al Zawahiri. TLG Publications. 2006. 9781847288806. 265. Many of the most learned ulema of Islam such as Izz Bin Abdul Salam, al-Nawawi, and Ibn Hajar - may God have mercy on them - were Ashari..
  7. Book: Salmān . Mashhūr Ḥasan Maḥmūd. Shuqayrāt. Aḥmad Ṣidqī . Muʼallafāt al-Sakhāwī : al-ʻAllāmah al-Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī, 831-902 H . Dār Ibn Ḥazm . 1998. 18 . Tarjamat al-musannif. amp.
  8. Web site: USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts . Usc.edu . 2010-03-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060829093616/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/scienceofhadith/asa3.html . 2006-08-29 .
  9. Book: Rosenthal, F.. Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition. Brill. 1913. 776.
  10. [Ludwig W. Adamec]
  11. zaryab khoii . abbas . Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani . Encyclopaedia Islamica .
  12. Book: Noegel, Scott B.. The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism.. 2010. Scarecrow Press. Wheeler, Brannon M.. 978-1-4617-1895-6. Lanham. 863824465. 2020-06-07. 2020-06-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20200615092830/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/863824465. live.
  13. zaryab khuii . abbas . Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani . Encyclopaedia Islamica .
  14. Book: Lewis . B. . Menage . V.L. . Pellat . Ch. . Schacht . J. . Encyclopaedia of Islam . III (H-Iram) . Brill . Leiden, Netherlands . 1986 . 1st. pub. 1971 . 9004081186 . 776. New .
  15. Thail Tabaqaat al-Huffaath, pg. 251.
  16. Web site: Imam Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani. Tauhidahmed. May 4, 2023.
  17. Web site: Imam Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani. Nur.nu. May 4, 2023.
  18. Al-'Ayni, 'Iqd al-Jumān, 372.
  19. Kifayat Ullah, Al-Kashshaf: Al-Zamakhshari's Mu'tazilite Exegesis of the Qur'an, de Gruyter (2017), p. 40
  20. Kevin Jaques . R . Ibn Hajar . Oxford center for Islamic studies .
  21. Book: al-Dhahabi. Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'. 16. 154.
  22. Book: Ibn Ḥajar al-ʻAsqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī. Vies des cadis de Miṣr, 237/851-366/976. 2002. Institut français d'archéologie orientale. Mathieu Tillier, Thierry Bianquis. 2-7247-0327-8. Le Caire. 52493823. 2022-01-29. 2022-07-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220708142723/https://www.worldcat.org/title/vies-des-cadis-de-misr-237851-366976/oclc/52493823. live.