III Reconnaissance Command explained

Unit Name:	III Reconnaissance Command
Dates:	1941-1946
Branch:
Role:	Command of air support and reconnaissance training units
Notable Commanders:	William E. Kepner
Identification Symbol Label:	III Reconnaissance Command Distinctive Unit Insigne^[1] ^[2]

The III Reconnaissance Command is a disbanded United States Army Air Forces unit. Its last assignment was with Third Air Force stationed at Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 8 April 1946. After transferring to the United States Air Force in September 1947, it was disbanded in October 1948.

The command was organized in September 1941 as the 1st Air Support Command, an element of 1st Air Force to control light bombardment and observation units in its area of responsibility. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the command's units conducted antisubmarine warfare patrols off the Atlantic Coast. In August 1942, it transferred to 3rd Air Force, which had the responsibility to train air support units for the Army Air Forces (AAF) and assumed the mission of training units and aircrews for overseas deployment. In 1943, it became the I Tactical Air Division (later III Tactical Air Division) under III Tactical Air Command. In the final months of the war, it specialized in training reconnaissance units.

History

Initial organization under 1st Air Force

General Headquarters Air Force (GHQ AF) reorganized its four regional air districts as Numbered Air Forces in the spring of 1941. By the fall of that year, each of these had organized as a support command and three combat commands.^[3]

In the summer of 1941 GHQ AF had decided to establish commands to direct its air support mission in each numbered air force, plus one additional command reporting directly to GHQ AF. These commands would be manned from inactivating wings, and would initially control only observation squadrons, which would be transferred from the control of the corps and divisions, although they would remain attached to these ground units.^[4] 1st Air Force organized 1st Air Support Command at Mitchel Field, New York in September 1941, drawing its personnel and equipment from the 7th Pursuit Wing, which was simultaneously inactivated.^{[2] [4]}

New observation groups were formed, with a cadre drawn from National Guard squadrons that had been mobilized in 1940 and 1941.^[4] During the Carolina Maneuvers of 1941, the command was attached to First Army. Unlike the opposing force, the command posts of the air and ground elements were located together, and the commander of the air support command doubled as the air staff officer of the ground force commander. The opposing force command posts were separated by sixty miles, which enabled greater freedom of action and use of airpower more aggressively.^[5]

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor the command came under the control of the Eastern Theater of Operations^[4] and flew antisubmarine patrols off the east coast. However, by early 1942, the command's first commander William E. Kepner, like two of the other commanders of air support commands had moved overseas, and similar demands led GHQ AF to believe it had little more than the "remnants" of the command remaining.^[4] However, in May, the Army Air Forces (AAF) reaffirmed that each of the continental numbered air forces would have an air support command and the command's manning was brought back up.^[6] Although most of the command's observation units were withdrawn from antisubmarine operations in June 1942, the command continued limited antisubmarine patrols until 15 October 1942, when Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command took over the mission.^{[2] [6] [7]}

Transfer to 3rd Air Force

The AAF determined that its continental air forces would specialize in their training operations and that all their air support commands would be reassigned to Third Air Force.^[6] In August 1942, the command was one of the first reassigned to Third Air Force.^{[8] [9]} This was followed by a move to Morris Field, North Carolina, a base in the Third Air Force area in November 1942.^[2]

In October 1942, AAF directed that half of the observation groups assigned to the command were to be reduced to 50% strength or less with their personnel used to form new tow target squadrons, or transferred to heavy bomber Operational Training Unit (OTU)s or Replacement Training Unit (RTU)s.^[10] The command continued to train light bomber crews.^[2]

In August 1943, the command was redesignated the I Tactical Air Division with the intent that the command would engage in combined training with army ground forces.^[11] This included participation in maneuvers. The command became the III Tactical Air Division in the spring of 1944. In May 1944, the command began to specialize in training reconnaissance aircrews and organizations. In June 1945, this mission change was recognized by a change in name to III Reconnaissance Command.^[2]

In November 1945, the command moved to Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, and was deactivated there in April 1946.^[2]

Lineage

• Constituted as the 1st Air Support Command on 21 August 1941

Activated on 4 September 1941

Redesignated 1st Ground Air Support Command c. 30 April 1942

Redesignated I Air Support Command c. 18 September 1942

Redesignated I Tactical Air Division on 28 August 1943

Redesignated III Tactical Air Division c. 15 April 1944

Redesignated III Reconnaissance Command c. 1 June 1945

Inactivated on 9 April 1946

Disbanded on 8 October 1948^{[2] [12] [13]}

Assignments

• 1st Air Force, 4 September 1941^[8]
• 3rd Air Force (later Third Air Force), 17 August 1942^[9]
• III Tactical Air Command, c. 15 April 1944^[14]
• Third Air Force, c. 1 June 1945 – 9 April 1946^[9]

Components

Groups

• 26th Observation Group: 1 September 1941 – 17 August 1942^[15]
• 45th Bombardment Group: 21 August 1941 – 5 January 1942^[16]
• 46th Bombardment Group: 10 November 1942 – 25 January 1943^[17]
• 48th Fighter-Bomber Group: attached 10 September 1943 – 14 January 1944^[18]
• 59th Observation Group: 1 September 1941 – 21 August 1942^[19]
• 69th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 18 April 1944 – 27 March 1945^[20]
• 411th Bombardment Group: c. 15 August 1943 – 1 May 1944

Squadrons

• 1st Air Support Communications Squadron, attached, c. 8 September 1943; assigned 3 November 1943 – 31 March 1944^[21]
• 2d Balloon Squadron: 1 September 1941 – 3 February 1942 (thereafter disbanded)^[22]
• 3d Observation Squadron: 1 September 1941 – 12 March 1942 (attached to the Coast Artillery School)^[23]
• 5th Communications Squadron, Air Support (later 5th Air Support Communications Squadron): 15 May 1942 – c. 13 June 1943^[24]
• 6th Reconnaissance Squadron: 18 April – 1 October 1944^[25]
• 7th Reconnaissance Squadron: 8 November 1943 – 1 October 1944^[26]
• 9th Communications Squadron, Air Support (later 9th Air Support Communications Squadron): 21 August 1942 – c. 21 November 1943^[27]
• 14th Air Support Communications Squadron (later 14th Tactical Air Communications Squadron): 3 March 1943 – 18 April 1944^[28]
• 14th Liaison Squadron: 11 August 1943 – 4 April 1944^[29]
• 14th Tow Target Squadron: 17 December 1942 – 4 November 1943^[30]
• 18th Air Support Communications Squadron, 3 November 1943 – c. 12 February 1944^[31]
• 19th Liaison Squadron: 11 August 1943 – c. 15 April 1944^[32]
• 36th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 29 March – c. November 1944^[33]
• 37th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 12 April – 15 November 1944^[34]
• 39th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 12 April 1944 – 6 January 1945^[35]
• 40th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 18 April – 3 June 1944^[36]
• 41st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron: 24 June – 1 October 1944; 4 December 1944 – 18 April 1945^[37]
• 57th Reconnaissance Squadron: 21 July 1945 – 25 January 1946^[38]
• 58th Reconnaissance Squadron: 21 July 1945 – 31 March 1946^[39]
• 72d Liaison Squadron: 11 August 1943 – c. 14 June 1944^[40]
• 103d Reconnaissance Squadron: 18 April 1944 – 3 June 1944^[36]
• 119th Observation Squadron: 1 September 1941 – 29 March 1942 (attached to 59th Observation Group)^[41]
• 115th Liaison Squadron: 18 April – 29 October 1944^[42]
• 121st Liaison Squadron: 11 August 1943 – c. 20 March 1944^[43]
• 127th Liaison Squadron: 11 August 1943 – 31 April 1944^[44]
• 158th Liaison Squadron: 1 March – 1 October 1944^[45]
• 162nd Liaison Squadron: 15 May – 24 June 1944^[46]
• 163rd Liaison Squadron: 15 May 44 – 20 January 1945^[47]

Base Units

• 321st AAF Base Unit (Headquarters, III Tactical Air Division [later Headquarters, III Reconnaissance Command]): 1 May 1944 – c. 1 November 1945
• 322nd AAF Base Unit (56th Bombardment Operational Training Wing, Light): 1 May 1944 – c. 1 November 1945
• 333rd AAF Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Light, Bombardment [later Combat Crew Training Station, Light Bombardment]):^{[48] [49]} 1 May 1944 – 31 January 1945http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/175/854.xml
• 334th AAF Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Light, Bombardment [later Combat Crew Training Station, Light Bombardment]):^{[50] [51]} 1 May – 1 October 1944^[52]
• 347th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Tactical Reconnaissance): c. 1 June 1945 – c. 28 March 1946
• 348th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Photographic Reconnaissance): c. 1 June 1945 – 29 December 1944
• 349th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Liaison):^[53] c. 1 June 1945 – c. 7 November 1945
• 353rd AAF Base Unit (Maneuver Station):^[54] 1 May 1944 – c. 31 January 1946
• 379th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Tactical Reconnaissance): c. 1 June 1945 – 1945

Stations

• Mitchel Field, New York, 4 September 1941
• Morris Field, North Carolina, c. 10 November 1942
• Key Field, Mississippi, c. 3 April 1944
• Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, November 1945 – 9 April 1946^[2]

Campaign

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
	Antisubmarine	7 December 1941 – 1 August 1943	1st Air Support Command (later 1st Ground Air Support Command, I Air Support Command)
	American Theater without inscription	1 August 1943 – 2 March 1946	I Air Support Command (later I Tactical Air Division, III Tactical Air Division, III Reconnaissance Command)

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography

• Book: Cate. James L. . Williams. E. Kathleen . Craven, Wesley F. . Cate, James L.. The Army Air Forces in World War II. December 17, 2016. I, Plans and Early Operations. 1948. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, IL. 704158. 48003657. Prelude to War, Chapter 4, The Air Corps Prepares for War, 1939-41.
• Web site: Command of Observation Aviation: A Study in Control of Tactical Airpower, USAF Historical Study No. 24. Futrell. Robert F.. September 1956. Research Studies Institute, USAF Historical Division, Air University . January 23, 2022.
• Book: Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. 1961. December 17, 2016. reprint. 1983. Office of Air Force History. Washington, DC. 0-912799-02-1. 61060979.
• Book: Maurer, Maurer. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II. 1969. reprint. December 17, 2016. 1982. Office of Air Force History. Washington, DC. 0-405-12194-6. 72556. 70605402.
• Web site: Combat Crew and Unit Training in the AAF 1939-1945, USAF Historical Study No. 61. White. Jerry. August 1949. Air Historical Office, United States Air Force. January 30, 2022.

Notes and References

1. Approved 23 July 1942.
2. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 440-441
3. Cate & Williams, p. 152, 155
4. Futrell, p 13
5. Futrell, p. 19
6. Futrell, p. 15
7. Maurer, Combat Units, p. 437
8. Web site: Factsheet First Air Force (Air Forces Northern) (ACC). Kane. Robert B.. June 11, 2009. Air Force Historical Research Agency. December 9, 2021.
9. Web site: Factsheet Third Air Force (USAFE). Haulman. Daniel L.. April 4, 2019. Air Force Historical Research Agency. December 9, 2021.
10. White, p. 80
11. White, p. 87
12. Some details from Futrell, Kane and Haulman.
13. The command was transferred to the United States Air Force in inactive status in September 1947. It was disbanded a year later.
14. Maurer, Combat Units, p. 441 (year only). However, Haulman indicates assignment to Third Air Force during this period.
15. Web site: Factsheet 350 Electronic Systems Wing (AFMC). Robertson. Patsy. December 27, 2007. Air Force Historical Research Agency. December 9, 2021.
16. Web site: Factsheet 45 Operations Group (AFSPC). https://web.archive.org/web/20150929005519/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9693 . September 29, 2015. Robertson. Patsy. September 9, 2008. Air Force Historical Research Agency. dead. December 21, 2016.
17. Web site: Factsheet 46 Test Wing (AFMC) . Robertson . Patsy . September 22, 2008. Air Force Historical Research Agency. June 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130104183212/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9694 . 4 January 2013 .
18. Web site: Factsheet 48 Operations Group (USAFE). Robertson. Patsy E.. July 7, 2017. Air Force Historical Research Agency. December 31, 2021.
19. Web site: Factsheet 59 Medical Wing (AETC). Robertson. Patsy E.. June 21, 2017. Air Force Historical Research Agency. December 31, 2021.
20. Web site: Factsheet 69 Reconnaissance Group (ACC). Robertson. Patsy. July 10, 2017. Air Force Historical Research Agency. January 7, 2022.
21. Web site: Factsheet 1 Air Support Operations Group (ACC). Bailey. Carl E.. May 20, 2019. Air Force Historical Research Agency. January 14, 2022.
22. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 11
23. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 24
24. Web site: Factsheet 5 Air Support Operations Squadron (ACC). Dollman. TSG David. May 15, 2017. Air Force Historical Research Agency. July 17, 2018.
25. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 13
26. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 21
27. Web site: Factsheet 9 Air Support Operations Squadron (ACC). Dollman. TSG David. March 27, 2017. Air Force Historical Research Agency. January 14, 2021.
28. Web site: Factsheet 14 Air Support Operations Squadron (ACC). Robertson. Patsy. March 27, 2018. Air Force Historical Research Agency. January 15, 2022.
29. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 78
30. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 80
31. Web site: Factsheet 18 Air Support Operations Group (ACC). Dollman. TSG Davis. August 31, 2012. Air Force Historical Research Agency. January 14, 2022.
32. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 103
33. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 173
34. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 177
35. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 184
36. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 188
37. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 191
38. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 229
39. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 231
40. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 266
41. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 590
42. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 344
43. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 348
44. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 351
45. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 357
46. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 361-362
47. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 363
48. Web site: Abstract, History, Morris Field, Jul 1944-Jan 1945 . Air Force History Index. February 21, 2022.
49. Web site: Abstract, History, Morris Field, Feb-Apr 1945 . Air Force History Index. February 21, 2022.
50. Web site: Abstract, History, Florence AAF, Dec 1944 . Air Force History Index, Florence AAF, Mar-May 1944. February 21, 2022.
51. Web site: Abstract, History Florence AAF, Mav 1944. Air Force History Index. February 21, 2022.
52. Web site: Abstract, History Florence AAF Dec 1928-Dec 1944. Air Force History Index, Florence AAF, Dec 1944. February 21, 2022.
53. Web site: Abstract, History Muskogee AAF Oct 1943-May 1945. Air Force History Index, Florence AAF, Dec 1944. February 21, 2022.
54. Web site: Abstract, History Esler Field Jan 1946. Air Force History Index, Florence AAF, Dec 1944. February 21, 2022.