Huasteca Nahuatl Explained

Huasteca Nahuatl
States:	Mexico
Region:	La Huasteca (San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz)
Speakers:	Eastern:
Date:	1991
Ref:	e25
Speakers2:	Central: (2000) Western: (1991)
Familycolor:	Uto-Aztecan
Fam1:	Uto-Aztecan
Fam2:	Aztecan (Nahuan)
Fam3:	Nahuatl
Script:	Latin
Lc1:	nhe
Ld1:	Eastern (Veracruz)
Lc2:	nch
Ld2:	Central
Lc3:	nhw
Ld3:	Western (Tamazunchale)
Glotto:	huas1257
Glottorefname:	Huasteca Nahuatl

Huasteca Nahuatl is a Nahuan language spoken by over a million people in the region of La Huasteca in Mexico, centered in the states of Hidalgo (Eastern) and San Luis Potosí (Western).^[1]

Ethnologue divides Huasteca Nahuatl into three languages: Eastern, Central, and Western, as they judge that separate literature is required, but notes that there is 85% mutual intelligibility between Eastern and Western.

XEANT-AM radio broadcasts in Huasteca Nahuatl.

Demographics

Huasteca Nahuatl is spoken in the following municipalities in the states of Hidalgo, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosí.^[2]

Hidalgo (121,818 speakers)

• Huejutla Reyes (56,377 speakers)
• Huautla (18,444 speakers)
• Yahualica (14,584 speakers)
• Xochiatipan (12,990 speakers)
• Atlapexco (12,445 speakers)
• Jaltocan (6,978 speakers)

Veracruz (98,162 speakers)

• Chicontepec (41,678 speakers)
• Ixhuatlán de Madero (21,682 speakers)
• Benito Juárez (11,793 speakers)
• Ilamantlan (9,689 speakers)
• Ixcatepec (6,949 speakers)
• Zontecomatlán (6,371 speakers)

San Luis Potosí (108,471 speakers)

• Tamazunchale (35,773 speakers)
• Axtla de Terrazas (17,401 speakers)
• Xilitla (16,646 speakers)
• Matlapa (16,286 speakers)
• Coxcatlan (12,300 speakers)
• Chalchicuautla (10,065 speakers)

Phonology

The following description is that of Eastern Huasteca.

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /ink/
Mid-high	pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /ink/
Mid-low		pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /ink/
Low	pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /ink/

Consonants

!rowspan=2

Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Glottal
central	lateral	plain		labialized
Nasal	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Plosive	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Affricate		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Continuant		pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Semivowel				pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/
Liquid		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/

Orthography

Huasteca Nahuatl currently has several proposed orthographies, most prominent among them those of the Instituto de Docencia e Investigación Etnológica de Zacatecas (IDIEZ),^[3] Mexican government publications, and the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL).^[4]

IDIEZ

• Their orthography is based on the evolution of Classical Nahuatl. It is somewhat of a deep orthography based on morphology since it aims to provide a unified system across regions.
• uses ⟨ca⟩, ⟨que⟩, ⟨qui⟩, ⟨co⟩ for /k/
• takes morphology into account
• uses ⟨za⟩, ⟨ce⟩, ⟨ci⟩, ⟨zo⟩ for /s/
• uses ⟨h⟩ for /h/

Mexican government publications

• Is influenced by modern Spanish conventions and is a very surface-based orthography. It aims to provide easy literacy across regions but with a different writing system in each one.
• uses ⟨k⟩ for /k/
• does not take morphology into account
• uses ⟨s⟩ for /s/
• uses ⟨j⟩ for /h/

SIL

• Somewhat based on modern Spanish conventions, mostly surface-based orthography as well but does not completely dispose of Classical Nahuatl conventions.
• uses ⟨ca⟩, ⟨que⟩, ⟨qui⟩, ⟨co⟩ for /k/
• does not take morphology into account
• uses ⟨s⟩ for /s/
• uses ⟨j⟩ for /h/

Sample text: 'a book about my location.'

• IDIEZ: ce tlahcuilolli tleh campa niitztoc.
• Government: se tlajkuiloli tlej kampa niitstok
• SIL: se tlajcuiloli tlej campa niitztoc

References

• Kimball, Geoffrey . 1990 . Noun Pluralization in Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl . International Journal of American Linguistics . 56 . 2 . 196–216 . 10.1086/466150. 145224238 .
• Rodríguez López, María Teresa, and Pablo Valderrama Rouy. 2005. "The Gulf Coast Nahua." In Sandstrom, Alan R., and Enrique Hugo García Valencia. 2005. Native peoples of the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
• Book: Beller, Richard . Patricia Beller . 1979 . Huasteca Nahuatl . Ronald Langacker . Ronald Langacker . Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar 2: Modern Aztec Grammatical Sketches . Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics, 56 . Dallas, TX . . 199–306 . 0-88312-072-0 . 6086368.
• Stiles, Neville Náhuatl in the Huasteca Hidalguense: A Case Study in the Sociology of Language (1983) PhD Thesis, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

Notes and References

1. Kimball: p. 196.
2. Rodríguez & Valderrama 2005: page 168.
3. IDIEZ:http://www.macehualli.org.
4. Bible.is: Old Testament in Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl.