Kisi language (Tanzania) explained
Kisi is a Bantu language of Tanzania. Though only half or so of the Kisi people speak the language, use is vigorous where it is still spoken.
Phonology
Consonant phonemes in Kisi that occur only through morphological interaction!!Bilabial!Labio-dental!Alveolar!Post alveolar/palatal!VelarPrenasalised voicelessplosives | mph | | nth | | ᵑkh |
Prenasalised voicelessfricatives | | ᶬf | ns | | |
Prenasalized voicelessaffricatives | | | | ntʃ | |
Aspirated nasals | mh | | nh | ɲh | | |
Other phonemes:
- [ɾ] and [l] are in a free variation.
- [w] and [j] are not included in a phoneme chart in Kisi because they only occur as glide insertion between historically or morphologically adjacent vowels. [w] does not occur otherwise. For some speakers, [j] occurs as a free variant of [ʝ] which is considered incorrect by other speakers.
Vowels phoneme in Kisi!!Front!Central!BackHigh - degree 1 | ii: | | uu: |
High - degree 2 | ɪɪ: | | ʊʊ: |
Mid | ee: | | oo: |
Low | | aa: | | |
Contrastive and obligatory length is marked with /:/. This does not necessarily reflect a difference in the length of production.
Diphthongs in Kisi!Symbol!Example words!Meaning[e]-[i] [be<sup>i</sup>] | Swahili: bei | 'price' |
[a]-[o] [ᵑɡa<sup>o</sup>] | Swahili: ngao | 'shield' | |
Swahili: bei, and Swahili: ngao - These Swahili words have been borrowed into Kisi and pronounced with a diphthong in Kisi
Bibliography
- Web site: Kisi Phonology and Morphology. Gray. Hazel. 2018. SIL International. (in Kisi). https://web.archive.org/web/20181219090841/https://www.sil.org/. 2018-12-19. 2018-12-18. bot: unknown.
- Ngonyani, Deogratias S. "Aspects of Non-Concatenative Morphology in Kikisi." Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics, 6(1): 40-59.