| Escarpment Dogon | |
| Region: | Bandiagara Escarpment |
| States: | Mali |
| Nation: | Mali |
| Familycolor: | Niger-Congo |
| Fam2: | Dogon |
| Date: | 1998 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Stand1: | Tɔrɔ sɔɔ |
| Dia1: | Tɔrɔ sɔɔ |
| Dia2: | Tɔmmɔ sɔɔ |
| Dia3: | Donno sɔ |
| Dia4: | Kamma sɔ |
| Lc1: | dts |
| Ld1: | Tɔrɔ sɔɔ |
| Lc2: | dds |
| Ld2: | Donno sɔ |
| Lc3: | dto |
| Ld3: | Tɔmmɔ sɔ |
| Glotto: | esca1235 |
| Glottorefname: | Escarpment Dogon |
| Dia5: | Yɔrnɔ sɔ |
Escarpment Dogon is a continuum of Dogon dialects of the Bandiagara Escarpment, including the standard language. There are three principal dialects:
The third dialect commonly listed is two subdialects without a common name:
Hochstetler confirms that these are intelligible with each other, but not with the more populous varieties of Dogon on the neighboring plains.
While Toro So was chosen as the official standard, because it has the most in common with the largest number of Dogon languages due to its central location, and is used in educational and official contexts, Jamsay Dogon is the prestige variety and is the variety used for radio broadcasts.
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless | pronounced as /p/ | pronounced as /t/ | pronounced as /t͡ʃ/ | pronounced as /k/ | pronounced as /(ʔ)/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voiced | pronounced as /b/ | pronounced as /d/ | pronounced as /d͡ʒ/ | pronounced as /g/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | pronounced as /(f)/ | pronounced as /s/ | pronounced as /(ʃ)/ | pronounced as /(h)/ | |
| voiced | pronounced as /(z)/ | pronounced as /(ɣ)/ | ||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /m/ | pronounced as /n/ | pronounced as /ɲ/ | pronounced as /ŋ/ | ||
| Lateral | pronounced as /l/ | |||||
| Tap | central | pronounced as /ɾ/ | ||||
| nasal | pronounced as /ɾ̃/ | |||||
| Approximant | central | pronounced as /w/ | pronounced as /j/ | |||
| nasal | pronounced as /w̃/ | pronounced as /j̃/ | ||||
| Oral | Nasal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | ||
| Close | pronounced as /i iː/ | pronounced as /u uː/ | pronounced as /ĩ ĩː/ | pronounced as /ũ ũː/ | |
| Close-mid | pronounced as /e eː/ | pronounced as /o oː/ | |||
| Open-mid | pronounced as /ɛ ɛː/ | pronounced as /ɔ ɔː/ | pronounced as /ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː/ | pronounced as /ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː/ | |
| Open | pronounced as /a aː/ | pronounced as /ã ãː/ | |||
Tommo So (a bipartite name for the language signifying the ethnicity or the location of the speakers, 'Tommo' and a word for language, 'So') is part of the Dogon language family comprising around twenty languages. The genetic relations of the languages of the Dogon country are complex, as geographical proximity does not necessarily involve genetic relation. "Despite the fact that Tommo So and Dogulu Dom are both spoken in the central area of Dogon country, the preliminary results of our current fieldwork suggest that Tommo So bears a closer relation to Najamba or Donno So."[2]
Tommo sɔ is thought to be spoken on the plateau between Douentza and Bandiagara by an estimated 40,000–60,000 people.[3] In terms of neighboring languages, Tommo so is bordered by Najamba-Kidinge to the northwest, by Nanga and Jamsay to the east, by Tiranige Diga to the west, and by Donno So and Dogulu Dom to the south. Some dialects of Tommo So and Donno So are mutually intelligible. Donno So, based on fieldwork data, resembles an intermediate step between Tommo So and Toro So.