Cun language explained

Cun
States:China
Region:western Hainan
Speakers:80,000
Date:1999
Ref:e18
Familycolor:Tai–Kadai
Fam2:Hlai
Fam3:Central
Fam4:North
Dia1:Nadou
Iso3:cuq
Glotto:cunn1236
Glottorefname:Cun
Also Known As:仡隆语
Gelong

Cun (; meaning "village language/speech"), also known as Gelong (仡隆语 / 哥隆语) or Ngan-Fon, is a Kra–Dai language spoken on Hainan Island.[1] It is a part of the Hlai languages branch and has a lexical similarity with standard Hlai at 40%. The language has approximately 80,000 speakers, 47,200 of which are monolingual. Cun is a tonal language with 10 tones, used depending on whether a syllable is checked or unchecked. The speakers of this language are classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Han; in Hainan, Nadou[2] and Lingao speakers are also classified as ethnic Han.[3]

The Cun are descended from Han Chinese migrants to Hainan Island who intermarried with the local Li people. As a result, Cun has more Chinese loanwords than other Hlai languages.[4]

Nearby, the Fuma (Chinese: 付马话, 府玛话, or 富马话) dialect, a variety of Chinese similar to Gan-Hakka that has been strongly influenced by Cun, is spoken in Fuma Village 付马村, Sigeng Town 四更镇, Dongfang City.[5] It had about 800 speakers in 1994.

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: Ouyang, Jueya 欧阳觉亚 . 1998 . Cunyu yanjiu 村语研究 . Shanghai . Shanghai Far East Publishing House 上海远东出版社.
  2. Book: Fu, Changzhong 符昌忠 . 2020 . Nadouyu yanjiu 那斗语研究 . Beijing . Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社 . 1294545717.
  3. Book: Liang, Min 梁敏 . Língāo yǔ yánjiū . 1997 . Shanghai yuandong chubanshe 上海远东出版社 . Shanghai . zh . zh:临高语研究 . A Study of Lingao.
  4. Norquest, Peter K. 2015. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Languages of Asia, Volume 13. Leiden: Brill.
  5. Wang, Xueyan 王雪燕. 2016. Hainan Fumahua diaocha baogao 海南付马话调查报告. Beijing: Capital Normal University, Literature Institute 首都师范大学文学院.