| Hanis | |
| Nativename: | há·nis |
| States: | United States |
| Region: | Coos Bay, Oregon |
| Ethnicity: | Hanis people |
| Extinct: | 1972, with the death of Martha Harney Johnson[1] |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Fam1: | Coosan |
| Iso3: | csz |
| Glotto: | coos1249 |
| Glottorefname: | Hanis |
| Map: | Lang Status 01-EX.svg |
| Mapcaption: | [2] |
| Also Known As: | Coos |
| Revived: | 2007 |
Hanis, or Coos, was one of two Coosan languages of Oregon, and the better documented. It was spoken north of the Miluk around the Coos River and Coos Bay. The há·nis was the Hanis name for themselves. The last speaker of Hanis was Martha Harney Johnson, who died in 1972.[3] Another speaker was Annie Miner Peterson, who worked with linguist Melville Jacobs to document the language.[4]
As of 2007, classes in Hanis were offered by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians. A book and CD, Hanis for Beginners, were published in 2011, and a companion website is available for tribal members at hanis.org.[5]
Vowels pronounced as //i ɛ a u// may be long or short; there is also a short pronounced as //ə//.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | lateral | ||||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | plain | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |
| aspirated | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| ejective | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| voiced | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||||||
| Sonorant | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
The pronounced as //p t ts tɬ tʃ k q// series are optionally voiced. pronounced as //l m n// may be syllabic. Stress is phonemic.
Sounds pronounced as //k kʰ kʼ// may be heard as palatalized pronounced as /[c cʰ cʼ]/ when before front vowels. pronounced as //k kʰ kʼ x h// may also have labialized equivalents as pronounced as /[kʷ kʷʰ kʼʷ xʷ hʷ]/.