Chinali language explained
Chinali |
Nativename: | Chinalbhashe |
States: | Himachal Pradesh |
Region: | Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley |
Ethnicity: | Chinali |
Speakers: | 215 |
Date: | 2016 |
Ref: | e25 |
Familycolor: | Indo-European |
Fam2: | Indo-Iranian |
Fam3: | Indo-Aryan |
Fam4: | (unclassified) |
Fam5: | Chinali–Lahul |
Iso3: | cih |
Glotto: | chin1475 |
Glottorefname: | Chinali |
Chinali (natively called Chinalbhashe) is an unclassified, and critically endangered language of India spoken by about 220 people. Many speakers are well educated. Speakers are distributed throughout Lahul (or Lahaul) Valley.[1] It uses Devanagari to be written. It's very possible that Chinali is also closely related to Sanskrit.[2]
Phonology
!Labial!Dental!Palatal!Retroflex!Velar/
GlottalNasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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Stop | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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aspirated | pronounced as /pʰ/ | pronounced as /t̪ʰ/ | | pronounced as /ʈʰ/ | pronounced as /kʰ/ |
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voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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breathy | pronounced as /bʱ/ | pronounced as /d̪ʱ/ | | pronounced as /ɖʱ/ | pronounced as /ɡʱ/ |
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Affricate | voiceless | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | |
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aspirated | | pronounced as /t͡sʰ/ | pronounced as /t͡ʃʰ/ | | |
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voiced | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | |
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breathy | | | pronounced as /d͡ʒʱ/ | | |
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Semi vowels | pronounced as /link/ | | | | |
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Spirants | unvoiced | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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voiced | | pronounced as /link/ | | | pronounced as /link/ |
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Vibrant | | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
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Lateral | | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | |
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Vowels!!Front!Central!BackNear-close/high | pronounced as /link/ | | pronounced as /link/ |
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mid higher | pronounced as /link/ | | pronounced as /link/ |
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Near-open | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
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External links
Notes and References
- "Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.
- Chamberlain . Brad, Wendy . August 2019 . A Sociolinguistic Survey of Lahul Valley, Himachal Pradesh . . 10.