Chinali language explained

Chinali
Nativename:Chinalbhashe
States:Himachal Pradesh
Region:Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley
Ethnicity:Chinali
Speakers:215
Date:2016
Ref:e25
Familycolor:Indo-European
Fam2:Indo-Iranian
Fam3:Indo-Aryan
Fam4:(unclassified)
Fam5:Chinali–Lahul
Iso3:cih
Glotto:chin1475
Glottorefname:Chinali

Chinali (natively called Chinalbhashe) is an unclassified, and critically endangered language of India spoken by about 220 people. Many speakers are well educated. Speakers are distributed throughout Lahul (or Lahaul) Valley.[1] It uses Devanagari to be written. It's very possible that Chinali is also closely related to Sanskrit.[2]

Phonology

 !Labial!Dental!Palatal!Retroflex!Velar/
Glottal
Nasalpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Stopvoicelesspronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
aspiratedpronounced as /pʰ/pronounced as /t̪ʰ/pronounced as /ʈʰ/pronounced as /kʰ/
voicedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
breathypronounced as /bʱ/pronounced as /d̪ʱ/pronounced as /ɖʱ/pronounced as /ɡʱ/
Affricatevoicelesspronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
aspiratedpronounced as /t͡sʰ/pronounced as /t͡ʃʰ/
voicedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
breathypronounced as /d͡ʒʱ/
Semi vowelspronounced as /link/
Spirantsunvoicedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
voicedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Vibrantpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Lateralpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Vowels!!Front!Central!Back
Near-close/highpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
mid higherpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Near-openpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/

External links

Notes and References

  1. "Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.
  2. Chamberlain . Brad, Wendy . August 2019 . A Sociolinguistic Survey of Lahul Valley, Himachal Pradesh . . 10.