Barbareño language explained

Barbareño
States:California, United States
Region:Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez
Extinct:1965, with the death of Mary Yee
Familycolor:American
Fam1:Chumashan
Fam2:Southern
Fam3:Central
Lc1:boi
Ld1:Barbareño
Lc2:inz
Ld2:Ineseño
Glotto:barb1263
Glottoname:Barbareno
Glotto2:ines1240
Glottoname2:Ineseno
Notice:IPA
Revived:2010 (Barbareño), 2003 (Ineseño)
Nativename:Šmuwič
Dia1:Emigdiano

Barbareño is one of the Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages spoken almost exclusively in the area of Santa Barbara, California. The closely related Ineseño may have been a dialect of the same language. A dialect of the Barbareño language was also "spoken at San Emigdio near Buena Vista Lake" in the southern Central Valley. This dialect, called Emigdiano, "was heavily influenced by Buena Vista Yokuts."[1] Barbareño lost its last known native speaker in 1965 with the death of Mary Yee.[2] Both Barbareño and Ineseño are currently undergoing processes of language revitalization.[3] [4] [5]

Language revitalization

As of 2013, the Barbareno Chumash Council is engaged in ongoing efforts to revive the language. Two of its members are language apprentices and teachers.[6] [7] Wishtoyo Chumash Village, in Malibu, California, announced the opening of its Šmuwič Language School in 2010.[8] [9]

Phonology

Consonants

! rowspan=2
BilabialAlveolarPostalveolar/
Palatal
VelarUvularGlottal
plain sibilant
Plosive/
Affricate
plainpronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
ejectivepronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/
aspiratedpronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/
Fricativeplainpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
ejectivepronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
aspiratedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Nasalplainpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
glottalizedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Approximantplainpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
glottalizedpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/

Vowels

Barbareño vowel phonemes
FrontCentralBack
Closepronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/
Openpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Barbareño. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. 2012-11-01.
  2. 2010-09-22. 2004. William J.. Poser. Ms., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.. On the Status of Chumash Sibilant Harmony.
  3. News: Chawkins. Steve. Chumash recover their 'alishtaha'n: Armed with a trove of scattered notes, linguist saves ancestral tongue from brink of extinction.. Los Angeles Times. 2013-05-07. 2008-04-20.
  4. Web site: Chumash Dictionary Breathes Life into Moribund Language. The Santa Barbara Independent. 2013-05-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042649/http://www.independent.com/news/2008/apr/24/chumash-dictionary-breathes-life-moribund-language/. 2014-05-08. dead.
  5. Web site: Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language . Channel Islands National Park . 2013-05-07 . 2010-04-08 . dead . https://archive.today/20130626173631/http://www.nps.gov/chis/parknews/bringing-back-the-samala-chumash-language.htm . June 26, 2013.
  6. Web site: Barbareno Chumash Council . 2013-05-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130822092529/http://barbarenochumashcouncil.com/id1.html . 2013-08-22 .
  7. Web site: Funded Projects. Seventh Generation Fund for Indian Development. 2013-05-08. 2013-05-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20130509053046/http://7genfund.org/funded-projects. dead.
  8. Web site: Chumash Language . Wishtoyo Foundation . 2013-05-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130705234344/http://wishtoyo.org/projects-cultural-chumash-language.html . 2013-07-05 .
  9. 24. 4. Moreno. Sarah Koyo. Our Ancestors are Happy: Chumash Language Learning at Wishtoyo. News from Native California. 2013-05-08. 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20130202212515/http://www.heydaybooks.com/news/issues/v24n4toc.html. 2013-02-02. dead.