| Bukid | |
| Nativename: | Binukid |
| States: | Philippines |
| Region: | most parts of Bukidnon province, Mindanao |
| Speakers: | 168,234 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Ref: | [1] |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Fam2: | Malayo-Polynesian |
| Fam3: | Philippine |
| Fam4: | Greater Central Philippine |
| Fam5: | Manobo |
| Fam6: | North |
| Dia1: | Talaandig |
| Iso3: | bkd |
| Glotto: | binu1244 |
| Glottorefname: | Talaandig-Binukid |
| Map: | Binukid_language_map.png |
| Mapcaption: | Area where Binukid is spoken |
The Bukid language, Binukid or Bukidnon, is an Austronesian language spoken by indigenous peoples of Northern Mindanao in the southern Philippines. The word means 'mountain' or 'highland' while means 'in the manner, or style, of the mountain or highland'.
Binukid is spoken in the north of the island Mindanao in southern Philippines; it is spoken in the following areas:[2]
Binukid has many dialects, but there is mutual intelligibility. The dialect of Malaybalay, in the Pulangi area, is considered to be the prestige and standard variety.
Binukid consists of twenty segmental phonemes and one suprasegmental phoneme. The syllable is the basic unit of word structure, and each syllable consists of one vowel and one or two consonants only, arranged in the following patterns: CV, CVC and, in some instances, CCV (which is found mostly in Spanish loanwords). A word consists of one or more of these syllables.
There are 16 consonants in Binukid. In some instances, there is a voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate pronounced as /[t͡ɕ]/ which appears in Spanish loanwords.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| Stop | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Tap | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Semivowel | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
The phoneme pronounced as /[ɾ]/ is sometimes trilled which is used in intervocalic position or in Spanish loanwords by some speakers. All consonants except pronounced as /[h]/ are found in initial and final position in the syllable; pronounced as /[h]/ is found only syllable-initial.
There are generally four vowels in Binukid.
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close-mid | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Open | pronounced as /link/ |
There is a suprasegmental phoneme of stress which usually falls on the penultimate syllable. Stress give contrast to words of the same segmental phonemes; for example pronounced as /[ˈbɘlɘŋ]/ means 'surprise' while pronounced as /[bɘˈlɘŋ]/ means 'drunk'. Long words may have more than one stress: pronounced as /[bäˌläŋkaˈwitän]/ 'rooster'. Stress commonly shifts when suffixes are added to the word (as in 'mysterious') or when the speaker wishes to emphasize the word.
The following set of pronouns are the pronouns found in the Bukid language. The pronounced as //d//-final allomorphs of the vowel-final NOM or GEN pronouns are used almost exclusively before ('already'), a bound adverbial.
| 1st person singular | ||||
| 2nd person singular | ||||
| 3rd person singular | Ø | Ø | ||
| 1st person dual | ||||
| 1st person plural inclusive | ||||
| 1st person plural exclusive | ||||
| 2nd person plural | ||||
| 3rd person plural | ||||
The Latin script is used in writing the language. In the dictionary by the, the alphabet employed consists of the following letters which correspond to one phoneme. Word-initial and word-final glottal stops are not written but glottal stops following a consonant is marked by a hyphen. Example: pronounced as /[ˈhäbʔuŋ]/ 'mildew'. The phoneme pronounced as /[ŋ]/ is represented by a digraph, which is sometimes considered a separate letter.
Other letters, such as c, f, j, q, and z, are used in proper nouns or loanwords that have not had their spellings altered.
Suprasegmental phonemes and glottalization are featured in writing Binukid. Stress can be indicated by an acute accent . A grave accent can be marked over syllable- or word-final vowel to indicate a following glottal stop. If stress is shown on the final letter and there is a following glottal stop, a circumflex accent can be used. There is no marking for words whose stress falls on the penultimate syllable and without a secondary stress.
Examples:
The plural particle marker is written, following accepted Philippine usage.