ISO 9 explained

ISO 9 is an international standard establishing a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of many Slavic and non-Slavic languages.

Published on February 23, 1995 by the International Organization for Standardization,[1] the major advantage ISO 9 has over other competing systems is its univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original spelling and allows for reverse transliteration, even if the language is unknown.

Earlier versions of the standard, ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1986, were more closely based on the international scholarly system for linguistics (scientific transliteration), but have diverged in favour of unambiguous transliteration over phonemic representation.The edition of 1995 supersedes the edition of 1986.

ISO 9:1995

The standard features three mapping tables: the first covers contemporary Slavic languages, the second older Slavic orthographies (excluding letters from the first), and the third non-Slavic languages (including most letters from the first). Several Cyrillic characters included in ISO 9 are not available as pre-composed characters in Unicode, nor are some of the transliterations; combining diacritical marks have to be used in these cases. Unicode, on the other hand, includes some historic characters that are not dealt with in ISO 9.

Transliteration table

The following combined table shows characters for various Slavic, Iranian, Romance, Turkic, Uralic, Mongolic, Caucasian, Tungusic, Paleosiberian and other languages of the former USSR which are written in Cyrillic.

Cyrillic!colspan="6"
Latin
CharCharUnicodeDescription<--of the roman substitute-->
АаAa
ӒӓÄä00C400E4a diaeresis
Ӓ̄ӓ̄Ạ̈ạ̈00C4+032300E4+0323a diaeresis and dot below
ӐӑĂă01020103a breve
А̄а̄Āā01000101a macron
ӔӕÆæ00C600E6ae ligature
А́а́Áá00C100E1a acute
А̊а̊Åå00C500E5a ring
БбBb
ВвVv
ГгGg
ҐґG̀g̀0047+03000067+0300g grave
ЃѓǴǵ01F401F5g acute
ҒғĠġ01200121g dot
ҔҕĞğ011E011Fg breve
ҺһḤḥ1E241E25h dot
ДдDd
ЂђĐđ01100111d stroke
ЕеEe
ӖӗĔĕ01140115e breve
ЁёËë00CB00EBe diaeresis
ЄєÊê00CA00EAe circumflex
ЖжŽž017D017Ez caron
ҖҗŽ̦ž̦017D+0326017E+0326z caron and comma below
Ž̧ž̧017D+0327017E+0327z caron and cedilla
ӜӝZ̄z̄005A+0304007A+0304z macron
ӁӂZ̆z̆005A+0306007A+0306z breve
ЗзZz
ӞӟZ̈z̈005A+0308007A+0308z diaeresis
ӠӡŹź0179017Az acute
ЅѕẐẑ1E901E91z circumflex
ИиIi
ӢӣĪī012A012Bi macron
И́и́Íí00CD00EDi acute
ӤӥÎî00CE00EEi circumflex
ЙйJj
ІіÌì00CC00ECi grave
ЇїÏï00CF00EFi diaeresis
І̄і̄Ǐǐ01CF (012C)01D0 (012D)i caron (or breve)
ЈјJ̌ǰ004A+030C01F0j caron
Ј̵ј̵J́j́004A+0301006A+0301j acute
КкKk
ЌќḰḱ1E301E31k acute
ӃӄḲḳ1E321E33k dot below
ҜҝK̂k̂004B+0302006B+0302k circumflex
ҠҡǨǩ01E801E9k caron
ҞҟK̄k̄004B+0304006B+0304k macron
ҚқK̦k̦004B+0326006B+0326k comma below
Ķķ01360137k cedilla
К̨к̨K̀k̀004B+0300006B+0300k grave
ԚԛQq
ЛлLl
ЉљL̂l̂004C+0302006C+0302l circumflex
ԠԡL̦l̦004C+0326006C+0326l comma below
Ļļ013B013Cl cedilla
МмMm
НнNn
ЊњN̂n̂004E+0302006E+0302n circumflex
ҢңN̦n̦004E+0326006E+0326n comma below
Ņņ01450146n cedilla
ӉӊṆṇ1E461E47n dot below
ҤҥṄṅ1E441E45n dot
ԊԋǸǹ01F801F9n grave
ԢԣŃń01430144n acute
ӇӈŇň01470148n caron
Н̄н̄N̄n̄004E+0304006E+0304n macron
ОоOo
ӦӧÖö00D600F6o diaeresis
ӨөÔô00D400F4o circumflex
ӪӫŐő01500151o double acute
Ӧ̄о̄̈Ọ̈ọ̈00D6+032300F6+0323o diaeresis and dot below
ҨҩÒò00D200F2o grave
О́о́Óó00D300F3o acute
О̄о̄Ōō014C014Do macron
ŒœŒœ01520153oe ligature
ПпPp
ҦҧṔṕ1E541E55p acute
ԤԥP̀p̀0050+03000070+0300p grave
РрRr
СсSs
ҪҫȘș02180219s comma below
Şş015E015Fs cedilla
С̀с̀S̀s̀0053+03000073+0300s grave
ТтTt
ЋћĆć01060107c acute
ԎԏT̀t̀0054+03000074+0300t grave
Т̌т̌Ťť01640165t caron
ҬҭȚț021A021Bt comma below
Ţţ01620163t cedilla
УуUu
ӰӱÜü00DC00FCu diaeresis
ӮӯŪū016A016Bu macron
ЎўŬŭ016C016Du breve
ӲӳŰű01700171u double acute
У́у́Úú00DA00FAu acute
Ӱ̄ӱ̄Ụ̈ụ̈00DC+032300FC+0323u diaeresis and dot below
Ụ̄ụ̄016A+0323016B+0323u macron and dot below
ҮүÙù00D900F9u grave
ҰұU̇u̇0055+03070075+0307u dot
ԜԝWw
ФфFf
ХхHh
ҲҳH̦h̦0048+03260068+0326h comma below
Ḩḩ1E281E29h cedilla
ЦцCc
ҴҵC̄c̄0043+03040063+0304c macron
ЏџD̂d̂0044+03020064+0302d circumflex
ЧчČč010C010Dc caron
ҶҷC̦c̦0043+03260063+0326c comma below
Çç00C700E7c cedilla
ӋӌC̣c̣0043+03230063+0323c dot below
ӴӵC̈c̈0043+03080063+0308c diaeresis
ҸҹĈĉ01080109c circumflex
Ч̀ч̀C̀c̀0043+03000063+0300c grave
ҼҽC̆c̆0043+03060063+0306c breve
ҾҿC̨̆c̨̆0043+0328+03060063+0328+0306c ogonek and breve
ШшŠš01600161s caron
ЩщŜŝ015C015Ds circumflex
Ъъ02BAmodifier letter double prime
ЫыYy
ӸӹŸÿ017800FFy diaeresis
Ы̄ы̄Ȳȳ02320233y macron
Ьь02B9modifier letter prime
ЭэÈè00C800E8e grave
ӘәA̋a̋0041+030B0061+030Ba double acute
ӚӛÀà00C000E0a grave
ЮюÛû00DB00FBu circumflex
Ю̄ю̄Û̄û̄00DB+030400FB+0304u circumflex and macron
ЯяÂâ00C200E2a circumflex
ѢѣĚě011A011Be caron
ѪѫǍǎ01CD01CEa caron
ѲѳF̀f̀0046+03000066+0300f grave
ѴѵỲỳ1EF21EF3y grave
Ӏ‡2021double dagger
<--Nenets-->02BCmodifier apostrophe
ˮ <-- U+02EE, Nenets -->ˮ <-- U+02EE, Nenets -->02EEmodifier double apostrophe

National adoptions

Date Region Name Descriptive name
1995-06-01 France NF ISO 9:1995-06-01 [2] Information et documentation - Translittération des caractères cyrilliques en caractères latins - Langues slaves et non slaves.
1995-09-29 Sweden SS-ISO 9 [3] Translitterering av kyrilliska bokstäver till latinska - Slaviska och icke-slaviska språk
1997 Romania SR ISO 9:1997 [4] Informare şi documentare. Transliterarea caracterelor chirilice în caractere latine. Limbi slave şi neslave
1997-12-11 Croatia HRN ISO 9:1997 [5] Informacije i dokumentacija—Transliteracija ćiriličnih u latinične znakove za slavenske i neslavenske jezike (ISO 9:1995)
2000 Poland PN-ISO 9:2000 [6] Informacja i dokumentacja. Transliteracja znaków cyrylickich na znaki łacińskie — Języki słowiańskie i niesłowiańskie
2002 Lithuania LST ISO 9:2002 Informacija ir dokumentai. Kirilicos rašmenų transliteravimas lotyniškais rašmenimis. Slavų ir ne slavų kalbos
2002-07-01 Russia GOST 7.79-2000 System AСистема стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу. Правила транслитерации кирилловского письма латинским алфавитом
2002-10 Czechia ČSN ISO 9 (010185)[7] Informace a dokumentace - Transliterace cyrilice do latinky - slovanské a neslovanské jazyky
2005-03-01 Italy UNI ISO 9:2005[8] Informazione e documentazione - Traslitterazione dei caratteri cirillici in caratteri latini - Linguaggi slavi e non slavi
2005-11-01 Slovenia SIST ISO 9:2005[9] Informatika in dokumentacija – Transliteracija ciriličnih znakov v latinične znake – Slovanski in neslovanski jeziki
2011 Estonia EVS-ISO 9:2011[10] Informatsioon ja dokumentatsioon. Kirillitsa translitereerimine ladina keelde. Slaavi ja mitte-slaavi keeled
2013 GCC

Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates

GSO ISO 9:2013 [11] Arabic: التوثيق والمعلومات - الحروف السير يليه بترجمة إلى اللغة اللاتينية - السلافيه وغير اللغات السلافيه

Sample text

The following text is a fragment of the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bulgarian:[12]

Bulgarian: Като взе предвид, че признаването на достойнството, присъщо на всички членове на човешкия род, <br />на техните равни и неотменими права представлява основа на свободата, справедливостта и мира в света,width=15Bulgarian: Kato vze predvid, če priznavaneto na dostojnstvoto, prisʺŝo na vsički členove na čoveškiâ rod, <br />na tehnite ravni i neotmenimi prava predstavlâva osnova na svobodata, spravedlivostta i mira v sveta,

ISO/R 9

ISO Recommendation No. 9, published 1954 and revised 1968, is an older version of the standard, with different transliteration for different Slavic languages, reflecting their phonemic differences. It is closer to the original international system of Slavist scientific transliteration.

A German adaptation of this standard was published by the Deutsches Institut für Normung as DIN 1460 (1982) for Slavic languages and supplemented by DIN 1460-2 (2010) for non-Slavic languages.

The languages covered are Russian (RU), Belarusian (BE), Ukrainian (UK), Bulgarian (BG), Serbo-Croatian (SH) and Macedonian (MK). For comparison, ISO 9:1995 is shown in the table below.

Alternative schemes: ISO/R 9:1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the columns alternative 1 and alternative 2.

  1. The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Russian (RU), Ukrainian (UK), Belarusian (BE) and Bulgarian (BG).
  2. The second sub-standard permits, in countries where tradition favours it, a set of alternative transliterations, but only as a group. It is identical to the British Standard 2979:1958 for Cyrillic romanization.[13]
ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1995
Cyrillic
1954
1995		Usage per language
baseRUBEUKBGSHMK
А аA aA acolspan=6
Б бB bB bcolspan=6
В вV vV vcolspan=6
Г гG gG gG gcolspan=2 colspan=3
Ґ ґĠ ġG̀ g̀colspan=2 colspan=3
Д дD dD dcolspan=6
Ѓ ѓǴ ǵǴ ǵcolspan=5
Ђ ђĐ đĐ đcolspan=4
Е еE eE ecolspan=6
Ё ёË ëË ëcolspan=2 colspan=4
Є єJe jeÊ êcolspan=2 colspan=3
Ж жŽ žŽ žcolspan=6
З зZ zZ zcolspan=6
Ѕ ѕDz dzẐ ẑcolspan=5
И и, I iI icolspan=3
I іI iĪ īÌ ìcolspan=2 colspan=3
Ї їJi jiÏ ïÏ ïcolspan=2 colspan=3
Й йJ jĬ ĭJ jcolspan=4 colspan=2
Ј јJ jĴ ĵY yJ̌ ǰcolspan=4 colspan=2
К кK kK kcolspan=6
Л лL lL lcolspan=6
Љ љLj ljĹ ĺL̂ l̂colspan=4 colspan=2
М мM mM mcolspan=6
Н нN nN ncolspan=6
Њ њNj njŃ ńN̂ n̂colspan=4 colspan=2
О оO oO ocolspan=6
П пP pP pcolspan=6
Р рR rR rcolspan=6
С сS sS scolspan=6
Т тT tT tcolspan=6
Ќ ќḰ ḱḰ ḱcolspan=5
Ћ ћĆ ćĆ ćcolspan=4
У уU uU ucolspan=6
Ў ўŬ ŭŬ ŭcolspan=4
Ф фF fF fcolspan=6
Х хH hH hcolspan=3 colspan=3
Ц цC cC ccolspan=6
Ч чČ čČ čcolspan=6
Џ џDž džD̂ d̂colspan=4 colspan=2
Ш шŠ šŠ šcolspan=6
Щ щ, Ŝ ŝcolspan=2
Ъ ъ, "ʺʺ[14] colspan=2 [15] colspan=2
Ы ыY yY ycolspan=2 colspan=4
Ь ьʹʹcolspan=4 colspan=2
Ѣ ѣĚ ěĚ ěcolspan=4 colspan=2
Э эE̊ e̊È ècolspan=2 colspan=4
Ю юJu juÛ ûcolspan=4 colspan=2
Я яJa ja âcolspan=4 colspan=2
’", ’″’colspan=2 colspan=2
Ѫ ѫȦ ȧʺ̣ Ȧ ȧ Ǎ ǎcolspan=3 colspan=2
Ѳ ѳḞ ḟF̀ f̀colspan=5
Ѵ ѵẎ ẏỲ ỳ

See also

Notes

  1. Web site: ISO 9:1995. www.standard.no.
  2. Web site: DIN - German Institute for Standardization . 2019-02-03 . 2019-02-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085325/https://www.din.de/en/wdc-beuth:din21:12351958 . live .
  3. Web site: Standard - Information and documentation - Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters - Slavic and non-Slavic languages SS-ISO 9 - Swedish Institute for Standards, SIS.
  4. Web site: Magazin ASRO . magazin.asro.ro . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064110/https://magazin.asro.ro/standarde/ics-ierarhic/1/01.140.10/106592874 . 2019-02-13.
  5. Web site: HRVATSKI NORMATIVNI DOKUMENT. 2022-12-21.
  6. Web site: Sklep PKN. sklep.pkn.pl.
  7. Web site: ČSN ISO 9 (010185). www.technicke-normy-csn.cz.
  8. Web site: Uni Iso 9:2005.
  9. Web site: Spletna trgovina SIST - SIST ISO 9:2005.
  10. Web site: EVS-ISO 9:2011. EVS.
  11. Web site: GSO ISO 9:2013 - متجر المواصفات - Ministry of Industry, Commerce & Tourism - Kingdom of Bahrain . 2019-02-03 . 2022-12-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221221102735/https://bsmd.moic.gov.bh/store/standards/GSO:642823/GSO%20ISO%209:2013/ . live .
  12. Web site: OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bulgarian (Balgarski). OHCHR.
  13. 262.
  14. In Russian and Belarusian, ъ is not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1918 orthography).
  15. In Bulgarian, ъ and ѫ are not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1945 orthography).

[16] [17] [18]

External links

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