Philippines and the Islamic State explained

Conflict:ISIL insurgency in the Philippines
Partof:the Civil conflict in the Philippines, Moro conflict, and the Military intervention against ISIL
Date: – present
Place:Primarily in Mindanao, Philippines
Status:Ongoing
Combatant1: Philippines----Supported by:
Non-state supporters:

Foreign supporters:

Combatant2: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[10]
Abu Sayyaf
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Ansar Khalifa Philippines[11]
Maute group
Commander1: Bongbong Marcos

Rodrigo Duterte

Gilbert Teodoro
Romeo Brawner Jr.
Rommel Francisco Marbil
Commander2:Current leaders
Radullan Sahiron
Esmail Sheikh AbdulmalikDeceased leaders
Isnilon Hapilon
Omar Maute
Abdullah Maute[12]
Ameril Umbra Kato
Hatib Hajan Sawadjaan
Units1: Armed Forces of the Philippines

Philippine National Police

---- U.S. special operations forces [13]

Units2: Military of ISIL
Casualties1:almost 240+ killed
Casualties2:almost 1,680+ killed
Casualties3:165+ civilians dead

The Philippines is one of the state opponents of the militant group, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), more commonly referred to by the local media as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

ISIL maintains operations in the Philippines through local jihadist groups - Maute group, Abu Sayyaf group, Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and Ansar Khalifa Philippines.They follow the school of thought of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab or commonly known as Wahhabism.[14] The groups pledged allegiance to ISIS in 2014 or the following years.

ISIL has been linked to increased suicide bombings by Filipino nationals in 2018 and 2019, a method which has been rarely carried out in the Philippines and the few successfully carried out done by foreigners. Filipinos were suspected to be involved in the 2018 Lamitan, 2019 Jolo Cathedral and Indanan bombings.[15]

Main events timeline

2014

On July 23, Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon pledged allegiance to ISIL through a video posted on YouTube.[16] This is an indication of ISIL presence in the Philippines.[17]

2015

In April, the Wahhabi Maute group pledged allegiance to ISIL along with the Ansar Khalifa Philippines terrorist organization, vowing to provide support for each other.[18] The Maute Group was a strong manifestation of the rise of family terrorism in the Philippines.[19]

On November 16, When the APEC Summit was to be held in Manila, a video of men in masks with ISIL black flag behind them is posted on Facebook, claiming "ISIL in Mindanao" will attack the summit.[20]

2017

May 23

A video discovered on a cellphone seized by AFP during a raid on a safe house in Marawi shows militants including Hapilon and Maute brothers were planning attack on Marawi.[21] The attack was the 4th step for them to gain the approval of the ISIL leadership,"requires the conduct of widespread atrocities and uprisings all across Mindanao."[22]

June 1

Eight foreign militants had been killed in Marawi, five of which they have identified as Malaysian, Indonesian, Saudi Arabian, Yemeni and a Chechen.[23]

October 16Isnilon Hapilon and Omar Maute was reportedly killed.[24] [25]

October 19

The Malaysian terrorist Mahmud Ahmad who helped finance the Marawi siege and recruit foreign fighters[26] was killed.[27]

2023

In September, three farmers were killed in a gun attack in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte.[28] [29] In December, ISIS claimed responsibility for the Mindanao State University bombing.

ISIL's support

In March 2016, training manuals, bandanas with ISIL inscriptions and other documents for militants under the ISIL were recovered after the military captured a Maute group camp, indicating that the group may be trying to link up with ISIL.[30]

On June 21, 2016, ISIL released a video entitled "The Solid Structure" recognized Abu Sayyaf leader Hapilon as the mujahid authorized to lead the jihadists in the Philippines, and designated him as the emir for Southeast Asia. The video also urged aspiring members who can't go to the Middle East to fight for ISIL in the Philippines instead.[31]

In August 2017, another video released by ISIL asks would-be fighters to go to the Philippines, especially the Marawi City where militants are under siege of the government forces.[32]

Filipino members of ISIL

Involvement of Filipino citizens in ISIL has been reported as early as 2014.[33] According to the Daily Mail citing undisclosed Kurdish sources that a Filipino national was among the ISIL members who appeared in a beheading video of American aid worker Peter Kassig and 18 Syrian soldiers uploaded in YouTube. The Philippine military said that the report could not be verified and said that there was no ISIL recruitment in the Philippines at that time. The Department of Foreign Affairs during this time has been receiving unverified reports of Filipinos training to fight for ISIL in Syria.[34]

In June 2016, ISIL released a video where three of its members, a Filipino, an Indonesian and a Malaysian urged aspiring members who can't go to the Middle East to fight for ISIL in the Philippines instead. In January 2017, Rappler reports that the Filipino member was identified as Mohammad Reza Kiram, a 21-year old who was the first verified member in ISIL fighting in Syria.[35]

Affiliate groups in the Philippines

The following Philippine-based militant groups have pledged allegiance to ISIL since they also followWahhabism.[36] [37]

Non-state opponents of ISIL in the Philippines

Aside from the Philippine government, ISIL and its affiliate groups in the Philippines has received armed opposition from other local groups in the Philippines.

Related clashes

The following are the list of battle and clashes involving the jihadist groups since they respectively pledged allegiance to ISIS:

Related terrorist incidents

Public opinion on ISIL

In a poll conducted between February 16 to May 8, 2017, the Pew Research Center says that 70% among the Filipinos questioned view ISIL as a major threat to the Philippines ahead of global climate change (65%) and cyberattacks (64%).[39]

Casualties

The chart below gives the information of casualties since the jihadist groups respectively pledged allegiance to ISIS.

YearGovernment forcesCiviliansAbu SayyafMaute GroupBIFF
2014 27 killed, in the whole year[41]
201544 killed(Mamasapano clash)
  • 7+ dead(December 24)[42]
133 killed,(only in Sulu) in the whole year[43]
  • 18 killed(Mamasapano clash in January)
  • 139 killed(February 25 – March 22)[44]
  • another 12 killed(March 23 - March 30)[45]
2016
  • 24 killed(in late February)[50]
  • 8 killed(on July 16)[51]
2017
  • 8 dead(January 10)[52]
  • 7 dead(July 30)[53]
  • 9 dead(August 21)[54]
149 killed? (before May 17)[55] 94 killed?(in the first half of the year)[56]
Battle of Marawi168 killed87 dead978 killed
Total240+ killed165+ dead1681 - 1740+ killed
Note: Some casualties from small-scale conflicts or terrorist incidents are not given.

Notes and References

  1. News: READ: Proclamation of martial law in Mindanao. ABS-CBN News. 15 July 2017. en-US. 20 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170720001219/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/24/17/read-proclamation-of-martial-law-in-mindanao. live.
  2. News: Congress extends martial law to December 31. Rappler. 2017-07-22. en. 2017-07-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20170722075003/http://www.rappler.com/nation/176345-congress-extend-martial-law-december. live.
  3. News: Gomez . Jim . President Duterte ends martial law in Philippines two years after ISIS siege . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/rodrigo-duterte-martial-law-philippines-end-islamic-state-isis-mindanao-a9240436.html . 2022-05-26 . subscription . live . 17 February 2020 . The Independent . 10 December 2019.
  4. News: Pia Gutierrez . Duterte, MILF create 'peace corridor' in Marawi . ABS-CBN News . 31 May 2017 . 1 June 2017 . 11 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180711091605/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/31/17/duterte-milf-create-peace-corridor-in-marawi . live .
  5. Web site: Philippine army and armed groups join forces in Marawi . 2017-09-26 . 2017-10-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171017024453/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/philippines-army-rebel-groups-join-forces-marawi-170906112401721.html . live .
  6. News: U.S. provides 'technical assistance' to troops in Marawi - AFP. Rappler. 6 June 2017. 7 June 2017. 11 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180711120851/https://www.rappler.com/nation/172105-us-technical-assistance-ph-troops-marawi. live.
  7. Web site: US Special Forces Helping Philippines Fight Militants in Marawi. VOA. Reuters. June 10, 2017. 10 June 2017. 7 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190607072016/https://www.voanews.com/a/embassy-us-forces-help-fight-militants-in-marawi/3894841.html. live.
  8. News: Australia to send spy planes to help Philippines fight militants. 23 June 2017. Reuters. 25 June 2017. 7 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064952/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-militants-australia-idUSKBN19D2TU. live.
  9. Web site: Duterte thanks China for firearms, ammo vs Mautes . 2017-09-26 . 2017-11-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171120013240/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/06/29/Duterte-thanks-China-for-military-aid-vs-Mautes.html . dead .
  10. News: The Maute Group and rise of family terrorism. Rommel C.. Banaloi. 15 June 2017. Rappler. 26 September 2017. 9 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170909055355/https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/173037-maute-group-rise-family-terrorism. live.
  11. Web site: Islamic State video shows destruction of church in Marawi. Caleb Weiss. Long War Journal. 5 June 2017. 7 June 2017. 26 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180726134910/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/islamic-state-video-shows-destruction-of-church-in-marawi.php. live.
  12. Web site: Military confirming reports Maute brothers killed in firefight. ABS-CBN News. 10 June 2017. 14 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200414013025/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/10/17/military-confirming-reports-maute-brothers-killed-in-firefight. live.
  13. News: Philippine military confirms US forces providing support against militants allied to Islamic State. 10 June 2017. CNBC. Reuters. 10 June 2017. 10 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170610064500/http://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/10/u-s-special-forces-helping-philippines-troops-in-battle-against-militants-allied-to-islamic-state.html. live.
  14. Ward, T. (2018). The Wahhabi Code: How the Saudis Spread Extremism Globally. Estados Unidos: Arcade Publishing.
  15. News: Suicide attacks emerge in Philippines under ISIS influence . 17 February 2020 . Rappler . Agence France-Presse . 2 July 2019 . 17 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200217004947/https://www.rappler.com/nation/234442-suicide-attacks-emerge-philippines-under-isis-influence . live .
  16. News: Senior Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath to ISIS. Rappler. 2017-10-11. en. 2017-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011074844/https://www.rappler.com/nation/65199-abu-sayyaf-leader-oath-isis. live.
  17. Web site: Banlaoi . Rommel . ISIS Threats and Followers in the Philippines . Rappler . 5 August 2014 . Rappler . 5 August 2014 . 8 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140808093308/http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/65313-isis-threats-followers-philippines . live .
  18. Web site: Maute Group / Islamic State of Lanao / Daulat Ul Islamiya / Daulah Islamiyah Terrorist Groups TRAC. www.trackingterrorism.org. en. 2017-10-11. 2019-05-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20190530170543/https://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/maute-group-islamic-state-lanao-daulat-ul-islamiya-daulah-islamiyah. live.
  19. Web site: Banlaoi . Rommel . The Maute Group and the Rise of Family Terrorism . Rappler . 15 June 2017 . Rappler . 15 June 2017 . 9 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170909055355/https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/173037-maute-group-rise-family-terrorism . live .
  20. News: ISIS' global ambitions and plans for Southeast Asia. Rappler. 2017-10-11. en. 2017-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011181318/https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/112914-isis-global-ambitions-paris-southeast-asia. live.
  21. News: PH military believes Abdullah Maute is dead. Rappler. 2017-10-21. en. 2017-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019015436/https://www.rappler.com/nation/181062-abdullah-maute-telegram-chatter-killed. live.
  22. News: Calida: Military knew Marawi terror plot as early as April. Rappler. 2017-10-21. en. 2017-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019030329/https://www.rappler.com/nation/172777-isis-military-marawi-crisis-martial-law-calida. live.
  23. News: Foreigners from at least 5 countries fighting with rebels in southern Philippines' Marawi: Minister. hermesauto. 2017-06-01. The Straits Times. 2017-10-21. en. 2020-10-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029172757/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/foreigners-from-at-least-5-countries-fighting-with-rebels-in-southern-philippines. live.
  24. News: Top Marawi siege leaders killed in clashes. Rappler. 2017-10-21. en. 2017-10-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20171016035303/https://www.rappler.com/nation/185421-marawi-siege-leaders-isnilon-hapilon-omar-maute-dead. live.
  25. News: DNA test confirms Hapilon's death. Rappler. 2017-10-21. en. 2017-10-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20171021093605/https://www.rappler.com/nation/185961-dna-test-confirms-hapilon-death. live.
  26. News: FAST FACTS: Who is Mahmud Ahmad?. Rappler. 2017-10-21. en. 2017-10-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20171021170716/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/185586-fast-facts-mahmud-ahmad. live.
  27. News: Mahmud Ahmad dead – Duterte. Rappler. 2017-10-21. en. 2017-10-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20171021170730/https://www.rappler.com/nation/185835-duterte-confirms-mahmud-ahmad-killed. live.
  28. Web site: Unson . John . 3 farmers dead in Lanao Norte shooting . 2023-09-23 . Philstar.com . 2023-09-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230927210732/https://www.philstar.com/nation/2023/09/21/2297783/3-farmers-dead-lanao-norte-shooting . live .
  29. Web site: Umel . Richel V. . 2023-09-20 . 3 farmers killed while harvesting fruits in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte . 2023-09-23 . INQUIRER.net . en . 2023-09-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921111557/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1834485/3-farmers-killed-while-harvesting-fruits-in-kauswagan-lanao-del-norte . live .
  30. News: IS training manuals found at militants' camp. Pareño. Roel. philstar.com. 2017-10-18. 2017-12-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20171216131849/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/03/11/1561756/training-manuals-found-militants-camp. live.
  31. News: Calida: Military knew Marawi terror plot as early as April. Rappler. 2017-10-18. en. 2019-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20190103085543/https://www.rappler.com/nation/172777-isis-military-marawi-crisis-martial-law-calida. live.
  32. News: A new ISIS video recruits fighters for the Philippines, not Syria. NBC News. 2017-10-11. en. 2017-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011055307/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-uncovered/isis-recruits-fighters-philippines-instead-syria-n796741. live.
  33. Web site: Banlaoi . Rommel . ISIS Threat to Philippine Security . Rappler . 11 July 2014 . 11 July 2014 . 14 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714020312/http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/63007-isis-threat-philippine-security . live .
  34. News: Filipino man suspected to be first Asian involved in ISIS beheadings: report. 3 October 2017. The Star, Asia News Network. 20 November 2017. 3 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171003133348/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/filipino-man-suspected-to-be-first-asian-involved-in-isis-beheadings-report. live.
  35. News: Ressa. Maria. Filipino millennial joins ISIS in Syria. 3 October 2017. Rappler. 27 January 2017. 3 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171003174510/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/159609-millennial-terrorism-isis-philippines. live.
  36. Book: Banlaoi . Rommel . Al-Harakatul AL-Islamiyyah: Essays on the Abu Sayyaf Group, Terrorism in the Philippines from Al-Qaeda to ISIS . January 2019 . Academia.edu . 12 July 2020 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425220226/https://www.academia.edu/40446207/Al_Harakatul_Al_Islamiyyah_Essays_on_the_Abu_Sayyaf_Group_Terrorism_in_the_Philippines_from_Al_Qaeda_to_ISIS . live .
  37. A. F. A. H. (2016). ISIS in Southeast Asia: Internalized Wahhabism is a Major Factor. Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
  38. News: 10 MILF fighters dead in clashes with ISIS-linked groups. 3 October 2017. Rappler. Agence France-Presse. 23 August 2017. 3 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171003174607/https://www.rappler.com/nation/179780-moro-islamic-liberation-front-isis-alarm-philippines. live.
  39. News: Viray. Patricia Lourdes. Poll: 7 in 10 Filipinos see ISIS as leading security threat. 3 October 2017. The Philippine Star. 7 August 2017. 3 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171003125712/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/08/07/1726111/pew-filipinos-philippines-isis-security-threat. live.
  40. News: Abu Sayyaf bandits massacre 21 civilians in Sulu. Pareño. Roel. philstar.com. 2017-09-26. 2017-09-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20170926144643/http://www.philstar.com/nation/2014/07/28/1351275/abu-sayyaf-bandits-massacre-21-civilians-sulu. live.
  41. News: Abu Sayyaf killed in 2015 surpasses 2014 total - AFP. ABS-CBN News. 2017-07-21. en-US. 2017-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20170731122836/http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/03/11/15/abu-sayyaf-killed-2015-surpasses-2014-total-afp. live.
  42. News: Philippine Muslim guerrillas murder seven in Christmas eve raids. 2015-12-25. ABC News. 2017-10-09. en-AU. 2017-10-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20171016102200/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-25/philippine-muslim-guerrillas-murder-seven-in-christmas-eve-raids/7053850. live.
  43. News: 133 Abu Sayyaf killed, 164 wounded in Sulu in 2015, says AFP. Mangosing. Frances. 2017-07-21. en. 2017-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20170731121526/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/751882/133-abu-sayyaf-killed-164-wounded-in-sulu-in-2015-says-afp. live.
  44. News: Philippine troops claim killing 139 rebels. AP. 2015-03-31. DAWN.COM. 2017-08-02. en. 2017-08-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20170802082914/https://www.dawn.com/news/1172945/philippine-troops-claim-killing-139-rebels. live.
  45. News: Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters [BIFF]]. Pike. John. 2017-09-26. en. 2017-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20170927000258/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/biff.htm. live.
  46. News: Abu Sayyaf rebels kill 15 Philippine troops - The Boston Globe. BostonGlobe.com. 2017-09-21. 2017-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20171012042853/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2016/08/29/abu-sayyaf-rebels-kill-philippine-troops/OJZ9HNJKxLhIJMFOVgtyZP/story.html. live.
  47. News: Basilan clash: What we know so far. cnn. 2017-08-05. en. 2017-08-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805221854/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/04/14/AFP-Abu-Sayyaf-ISIS-Basilan-clash.html. dead.
  48. News: 157 Sayyaf men killed, 159 hurt in Sulu, Basilan. Pareño. Roel. philstar.com. 2017-07-29. 2017-07-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20170729110937/http://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/12/21/1655372/157-sayyaf-men-killed-159-hurt-sulu-basilan. live.
  49. Web site: Philippines: 22 dead in 3 days of clashes with military. Anadolu Agency. 2017-08-05. 2017-08-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805222213/http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/philippines-22-dead-in-3-days-of-clashes-with-military/580282. live.
  50. Web site: China Post. www.chinapost.com.tw. en. 2017-08-05. 2017-08-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20170806020118/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/latest/default_ov.asp. live.
  51. News: 8 BIFF members killed in Maguindanao clash. Unson. John. philstar.com. 2017-10-09. 2017-10-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20171009201246/http://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/07/16/1603462/8-biff-members-killed-maguindanao-clash. live.
  52. Web site: Suspected pirates kill 8 fisherman in Philippines south. Anadolu Agency. 2017-10-09. 2017-10-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20171009195005/http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/suspected-pirates-kill-8-fisherman-in-philippines-south/723760. live.
  53. Web site: Bodies of 7 loggers killed by Abu Sayyaf found in S. Philippines - Xinhua English.news.cn. https://web.archive.org/web/20170731232645/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-07/31/c_136488647.htm. dead. July 31, 2017. news.xinhuanet.com. 2017-10-09.
  54. News: 9 dead in Abu Sayyaf raid in Basilan village. Inquirer. Philippine Daily. 2017-09-27. en. 2017-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20170927155249/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/924508/9-dead-in-abu-sayyaf-raid-in-basilan-village. live.
  55. Web site: Philippine troops kill 149 ASG militants Maritime Security Review. www.marsecreview.com. 2017-07-22. 2021-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20211027074035/https://www.marsecreview.com/2017/05/philippine-troops-kill-149-asg-militants/. live.
  56. News: 94 Abu Sayyaf rebels killed in first 6 months of 2017—military. Alipala. Julie. 2017-09-27. en. 2017-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20170927155721/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/909912. live.
  57. Web site: 15 terrorists killed, 7 others wounded in renewed AFP anti-terror campaign in Lanao Del Sur Philippine Canadian Inquirer. 2017-08-05. 2017-08-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805221101/http://www.canadianinquirer.net/2017/01/29/15-terrorists-killed-7-others-wounded-in-renewed-afp-anti-terror-campaign-in-lanao-del-sur/. live.
  58. News: Philippine forces kill 36 members of IS affiliate in Mindanao - Dubai Eye. 2017-04-24. Dubai Eye. 2017-08-05. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805222105/http://dubaieye1038.com/philippine-forces-kill-36-members-of-is-affiliate-in-mindanao/. 2017-08-05. dead.
  59. News: 36 members of Maute killed, 3 soldiers hurt in Lanao clashes. Mangosing. Frances. 2017-08-05. en. 2017-08-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20170806020420/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/891593/36-members-of-maute-killed-3-soldiers-hurt-in-lanao-clashes. live.
  60. Web site: 36 Maute men killed; Lanao camp overrun. www.malaya.com.ph. 2017-08-05. 2017-08-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805221858/http://www.malaya.com.ph/business-news/news/36-maute-men-killed-lanao-camp-overrun. dead.

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