International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects explained

pronounced as /notice/The International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects complies all the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent pronunciations of the English language.

These charts give a diaphoneme for each sound, followed by its realization in different dialects. The symbols for the diaphonemes are given in bold, followed by their most common phonetic values.

Abbreviations List

The following abbreviations are used in this article:

See Pronunciation respelling for English for phonetic transcriptions used in different dictionaries.

Consonants

English consonants! Diaphoneme! Phones !! Examples
pronounced as /p/pronounced as /link/pen
pronounced as /link/spin, tip
pronounced as /b/pronounced as /link/but
pronounced as /b̥/web
pronounced as /t/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/sting, two
pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/better
pronounced as /d/pronounced as /link/do
pronounced as /d̥/, pronounced as /link/odd, daddy
pronounced as /tʃ/pronounced as /link/ chair
pronounced as /link/teach, nature
pronounced as /dʒ/pronounced as /link/gin, joy
pronounced as /d̥ʒ̊/edge
pronounced as /k/pronounced as /link/skin, unique, thick
pronounced as /link/cat, kill, queen
pronounced as /ɡ/pronounced as /link/go, get
pronounced as /ɡ̊/beg
pronounced as /f/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/fool, enough, leaf, off, photo
pronounced as /v/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/voice, verve
pronounced as /v̥/have, of, verve
pronounced as /θ/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/thing, teeth
pronounced as /ð/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /ð̥/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/this, breathe, father
pronounced as /s/pronounced as /link/see, city, pass
pronounced as /z/pronounced as /link/zoo
pronounced as /z̥/rose
pronounced as /ʃ/pronounced as /link/she, sure, session, emotion, leash
pronounced as /ʒ/pronounced as /link/genre, pleasure, equation, seizure
pronounced as /ʒ̊/beige
pronounced as /h/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/ham, hue
pronounced as /m/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/man, ham
pronounced as /n/pronounced as /link/no, tin
pronounced as /ŋ/pronounced as /link/ringer, sing, finger, drink
lpronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /l̥/, pronounced as /ɫ̥/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/,left, bell, sable, please
pronounced as /r/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /ɹ̥ʷ/, pronounced as /ɹ̥/, pronounced as /ɾ̥/, pronounced as /ɻ̊/, pronounced as /link/run, very, probably
pronounced as /w/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/we, queen
pronounced as /j/pronounced as /link/yes, Mayan
pronounced as /hw/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/what
Marginal consonants
pronounced as /x/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/loch, ugh
pronounced as /ç/pronounced as /link/Hugh
pronounced as /ʔ/pronounced as /link/uh-oh
pronounced as /ɬ/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/ Llangefni, hlala gahle[1]
pronounced as /ɮ/pronounced as /link/ibandla[2]

Vowels

In the vowels chart, a separate phonetic value is given for each major dialect, alongside the words used to name their corresponding lexical sets. The diaphonemes for the lexical sets given here are based on RP and General American; they are not sufficient to express all of the distinctions found in other dialects, such as Australian English.

English monophthongs and diphthongs
Dia-
phoneme
Cameroonian English[3] KeywordExamples
AAVEBoston accentCajun EnglishCalifornia EnglishChicano EnglishGeneral AmericanInland Northern American EnglishMiami accentMid-Atlantic EnglishNew York accentPhiladelphia accentSouthern American EnglishBrummieSouthern England EnglishNorthern England EnglishUlster EnglishWest & South-West Irish EnglishDublin EnglishSupraregional southern Irish EnglishAbercraf EnglishPort Talbot EnglishCardiff English
Non-RhoticRhoticOlderYoungerNorthernSouthernNon-RhoticOlderRhoticOlderNon-RhoticRhoticCultivatedGeneralBroadCockneyEstuary English (EE)MLE[4] GeordieScouseYorkshireConservative[5] Contemporary (SSBE)[6] BelfastMid-UlstertraditionalUlster ScotsLocal Dublin EnglishNew Dublin EnglishCultivatedGeneralBroadCultivatedGeneralBroad
pronounced as /æ/ɛː~ɛə̯~eə̯pronounced as /ɪə̯~eə̯~ɛɐ̯/pronounced as /link/eə~ɛəæ~ɛə̯~eə̯pronounced as /eə̯~ɛə̯~æ/pronounced as /eə̯~ɪə̯/pronounced as /æ/pronounced as /ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯/pronounced as /æə̯~ɛə̯~eə̯/æɛæ~eəpronounced as /eə̯~æjə/pronounced as /link/æː~ɛːæ̝ː~ɛː~e̞ːpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /ɛə̯/pronounced as /link/aæ~ɛ~ɛɪæ~a~ɛ̞ɐ̞æː~aːa~äpronounced as /link/a~äpronounced as /link/a~äpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/[7] pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/ham
æ~ɛː~ɛə̯pronounced as /æ~ɛə̯/pronounced as /æ~ɛə̯/ɛ~æ~a~äæ~æ̞pronounced as /link/pronounced as /æ/, pronounced as /ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯/pronounced as /æ/æ~æɛæ~ɐɛɐpronounced as /æ~æjə~æ̠ɛæ̠/æ~a̝bad
pronounced as /link/a̝~æpronounced as /æ~ɛ/pronounced as /link/~ɛpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/lad
pronounced as /ɑː/ / pronounced as /æ/pronounced as /ä~a/pronounced as /ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯/pronounced as /æə̯~ɛə̯~eə̯/æɛ~æepronounced as /link/pronounced as /äː~ɐː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ɑː~ɑ̟ː~ɑ̹ːpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/[8] pass
pronounced as /ɑː/a~ä~ɑa~äpronounced as /link/ä~ɑ~ɒä~apronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /a~ä/ɑɑ̟ːpronounced as /ɑ/~pronounced as /ä/pronounced as /ɑ/pronounced as /ɑ/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/ɑːpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/äːpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/äːpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/äːpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/father
pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɒ/pronounced as /ɒ~ɔ/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/ɔpronounced as /link/ä~ɒ~ɔ̈~ɔpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/ɒ~ɒ̈pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/ɒ~ɑ̠ɒ~ɔpronounced as /link/ɒ~ɔpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɒ~ɑ~ä/pronounced as /äː/pronounced as /ɔː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/not
pronounced as /ɒ/ / pronounced as /ɔː/ɒ(ɔ̯)~ɔ(ʊ̯)~ɔə̯pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɒ~ɑ/pronounced as /ɑ~ɔ/pronounced as /ɔə̯~oə̯~ʊə̯/pronounced as /ɔə̯~ɒ̝ə̯/pronounced as /ɔo̯~ɑɒ̯/pronounced as /ɑɒ̯~ɑ/pronounced as /ɔ/pronounced as /ɒː/pronounced as /ɒː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɒː/pronounced as /aː/~pronounced as /ä/pronounced as /ɔː/pronounced as /ɒ/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/off
pronounced as /ɔː/pronounced as /ɔː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/o̞ː~ɔːpronounced as /ɔː/~ɔ̝ə̯~ɔuə̯ɔə̯~ɔː~ɔ̝ːɒː~ɔːpronounced as /ɔː/ɒː~ɔːo̞ːɒː~ɔːpronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɒː/~pronounced as /ɔː/~pronounced as /oː/pronounced as /ɒː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ːpronounced as /link/ːlaw
oː~oʊ~ɔoo̟ː~o̞ːpause
pronounced as /ə/pronounced as /link/ə~a̽~ɔ~ɪ~ɛəpronounced as /ə/~pronounced as /link/ə~ə̝pronounced as /ə~ɐ/ə~ɔːəpronounced as /ə~ɐ/əpronounced as /ɐ~a/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ə~ɐ/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/about
pronounced as /ɪ/ɪ~iə̯pronounced as /ɪ~ɪ̞~ɪ̈/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ ɪpronounced as /ɪ~ɪ̞~ɪ̈/pronounced as /ɪ~ɪ̈/ɪɪ~ɪjə~iə̯pronounced as /ɪ/pronounced as /ɪ/~pronounced as /i/pronounced as /i/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ɪ~iɪ ɪ~iɪɪ~ɪ̈ɪpronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɪ̞/pronounced as /link/ɪ̈~ëə~ɘɛpronounced as /link/ɪ̈pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ɪ̈pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/bit
pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/kit
pronounced as /i/pronounced as /ɪ/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɪ/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɪi̯~i/pronounced as /i/ɪi̯~ipronounced as /ɪ~ɪ̈/pronounced as /ɪi̯~i/pronounced as /i/pronounced as /ɪ/pronounced as /ɪi̯/~iːɪi̯~əi̯pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ipronounced as /link/~pronounced as /i/əi̯~iiɪi̯~iːei~ɪiiɪ~eiɪ~epronounced as /ɪi̯~iː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɪi̯/pronounced as /ɪi̯/~pronounced as /əi̯/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/city
pronounced as /iː/pronounced as /i/pronounced as /i/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɪi̯~i/ɪi̯~iɪi̯pronounced as /ɪi̯~iː/iəi̯~ɨi̯əi~ɐiɪipronounced as /link/, pronounced as /ei̯/ɪiɪi~iːpronounced as /link/, pronounced as /ɪ̈i̯ ~ ɪ̈ɪ̯/ɪi~iːpronounced as /ɪi̯/pronounced as /iː/pronounced as /ɪi̯/pronounced as /iː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/see
pronounced as /eɪ/eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯pronounced as /eɪ̯/pronounced as /link/eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯pronounced as /eɪ̯~e/pronounced as /eɪ̯/eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯pronounced as /eɪ̯/ɛɪ~eiɛi̯~æ̠i̯pronounced as /ɛɪ̯/pronounced as /æɪ̯~ɐɪ̯/pronounced as /ɐɪ̯~äɪ̯/eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯pronounced as /eɪ̯/~pronounced as /eː/~ɛpronounced as /eɪ̯/eː~ɛːpronounced as /eɪ̯/ɛi̯~aɪ̯~ɐɪ̯~ʌɪ̯æɪ~aɪɛɪ̯~eɪ̯~ë̞ɪ̯eɪ̯eː~eɪ̯ɛː~e̞ːpronounced as /eː/~pronounced as /eɪ̯/~pronounced as /ɪə̯/ɛː~e̞ːɛɪ~e̞ɪɛː~e̞ːɛɪ~e̞ɪɛː~e̞ːpronounced as /e̞ɪ̯/pronounced as /link/eː~ɪː, eə̯~ɪə̯pronounced as /link/pronounced as /eː~eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯/pronounced as /ɛɪ̯/pronounced as /æe̯~ɐe̯/pronounced as /ɐe̯/pronounced as /eɪ̯/~pronounced as /eː/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /eɪ̯/~pronounced as /eː/pronounced as /eɪ̯/pronounced as /eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯~æɪ̯/pronounced as /æɪ̯~äɪ̯~ʌɪ̯/pronounced as /link/[9] pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ei̯/date
e̞ɪe̞ɪe̞ɪe̞ɪpronounced as /eɪ̯/day
pronounced as /ɛ/ɛ~eə̯pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /æ/ɛ~æ̝pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /ɜ/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɛ/~pronounced as /e/pronounced as /link/ɛ~eiəɛ~ɛjəpronounced as /e̞/pronounced as /e̞/~pronounced as /e/pronounced as /e~e̝/pronounced as /link/ɛ~epronounced as /e/, eɪ~eə~ɛɪɛ~ɛ̞pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ɛ̝ə̯pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/[10] pronounced as /link/bed
ɪ~iə̯, ɛ~eə̯pronounced as /ɪ/pronounced as /ɛ/~pronounced as /ɪ/ɪ~ɪjə~iə̯pronounced as /link/pen
pronounced as /i/length
pronounced as /ʌ/pronounced as /ʌ/~pronounced as /ɜ/pronounced as /ʌ/~pronounced as /ɐ/pronounced as /link/ʌ~ɜ~ɛ̠ɐʌ~ɜ~ɑ̈pronounced as /ʌ/~pronounced as /ɜ/~pronounced as /ɐ/pronounced as /ʌ~ɔ/ʌpronounced as /ɐ/pronounced as /ʌ̈/pronounced as /ʌ/ɜpronounced as /ä~ɐ/ʌpronounced as /ʌ/~pronounced as /ɜ/~pronounced as /ɐ/ɔpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /ɔ/ɒ~ʌ~ə~ɤ~ʊɐ̟~aɐ~ʌ̟~ɐ̟ʌ~ʌ̝ʌ~ʊʊpronounced as /ʊ̞~ɤ/ʊʊ, ʌ̈pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ʌ/~pronounced as /ɐ/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ʌ/~pronounced as /ɐ/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ä/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/run
pronounced as /ʊ/ʊ~ʊ̜̈~ɵ~ø̞pronounced as /link/ʊ~ɜ̠pronounced as /ʊ~ʊ̞/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ʊ̈~ʏpronounced as /ʊ/pronounced as /ʊ/~pronounced as /u/pronounced as /u/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ʊ/~pronounced as /u/ʊɤ~ʊ~ʊ̝pronounced as /ʊ/~ʊ̈ʊ~ʊ̜̈pronounced as /ʊ/~ʊ̈ʊpronounced as /ʊ/pronounced as /ɵ~ɤ̈/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ʊ/~ʊ̈pronounced as /ʊ/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/put
pronounced as /ʉː/~pronounced as /link/ʊpronounced as /uː/~pronounced as /link/hood
pronounced as /uː/ʊu̯~upronounced as /link/~pronounced as /ʊu̯~ɵu̯/pronounced as /link/uː~ʉː~yːʉ̠ːʊ~uːpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /ʊu̯~ʉu̯~ɵu̯/pronounced as /u/~pronounced as /ɵu̯/pronounced as /ʊu̯/~pronounced as /ɵu̯/~pronounced as /yː/u̟ːpronounced as /u/~pronounced as /ʊu̯~ɤʊ̯~ɤu̯/pronounced as /ʉu̯/pronounced as /ʊu~ɵu~ʊ̈y~ʏy~ʉ̞u̟/pronounced as /ʊu̯/pronounced as /ʊ̈ʉ̯/pronounced as /ʊ̈ʉ̯~əʉ̯/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /uː/pronounced as /ʉu̯/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/əʉ̯~əu̯əʉ~ʉː~ɨː~ʊːʉː~ʉ̟ː~ʏːʏ̝ː~ʉːuː~ʏːʉːpronounced as /u̟ː/~pronounced as /ʉː/,ɵʊ̯ʊu~uːʏːʉːpronounced as /link/, ɪ̈u̯~ɪ̈ʊ̯ʊu~uːpronounced as /ʊu̯/pronounced as /ʊ̈ʉ̯~ʉː~ɨ̞ɯ̯̈/pronounced as /u/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ʊ̈ʉ̯/pronounced as /u/pronounced as /u/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/through
pronounced as /ɪu̯/threw
pronounced as /juː/(j)ʊu̯~(j)upronounced as /(j)u/~pronounced as /(j)ʊu̯~(j)ɵu̯/(j)uː~(j)ʉː~(j)yː(j)ʉ̠ː(j)ʊ~(j)u:pronounced as /(j)u̟/~pronounced as /(j)ʊu̯~(j)ʉu̯~(j)ɵu̯/pronounced as /(j)u/~pronounced as /(j)ɵu̯/pronounced as /(j)ʊu̯/~pronounced as /(j)ɵu̯/~pronounced as /(j)yː/ju̟ːpronounced as /(j)u/~pronounced as /(j)ʊu̯~(j)ɤʊ̯~(j)ɤu̯/pronounced as /(j)ʉu̯/pronounced as /jʊu~jɵu~jʊ̈y~jʏy~jʉ̞u̟/pronounced as /(j)ʊu~(j)ɵu~(j)ʊ̈y~(j)ʏy~(j)ʉ̞u̟/pronounced as /jʊu̯/pronounced as /jʊ̈ʉ̯/pronounced as /jʊ̈ʉ̯~jəʉ̯/pronounced as /jʉː/pronounced as /juː/pronounced as /(j)ʉu̯/juːpronounced as /juː/~pronounced as /jʉ/jəʉ̯~jəu̯jəʉ~jʉː~jɨː~jʊːjʉː~jʉ̟ː~jʏːjʏ̝ː~jʉː(j)uːjʉːpronounced as /ju̟ː/~pronounced as /jʉː/,jɵʊ̯jʊu~juːjʏːjʉːpronounced as /jʉː/, jɪ̈u̯~jɪ̈ʊ̯jʊu~juːpronounced as /jʊu̯/pronounced as /jʊ̈ʉ̯~jʉː~jɨ̞ɯ̯̈/pronounced as /ju/pronounced as /juː/pronounced as /jʉ/pronounced as /jʊ̈/pronounced as /juː/pronounced as /jʊ̈ʉ̯/pronounced as /ju/pronounced as /jʉ/pronounced as /ju/pronounced as /ju̟ː/pronounced as /jʉː/~pronounced as /jyː/pronounced as /jʉː/pronounced as /ju/cute
pronounced as /aɪ/äɪ̯pronounced as /ɐɪ̯/pronounced as /ɑɪ̯~aː/äɪ~aɪæɪ~aɪ~äɪɐɪ̯pronounced as /ʌɪ̯~ɜɪ̯~ɐɪ̯/pronounced as /aɪ̯/~pronounced as /äː/pronounced as /äɪ̯/äɪ̯ pronounced as /ɐɪ̯/ai~aæɐi~äɪ~äɛ~äːpronounced as /äɪ̯/pronounced as /ɑ̟e̯~ɑe̯/pronounced as /ɑe̯~ɒe̯/pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /ʌɪ̯/pronounced as /ʌɪ̯~ɜɪ̯~ɐɪ̯/a̽ipronounced as /aɪ̯/~pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/~pronounced as /ɒɪ̯/aɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~ɔɪ̯ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~ɑ̟ə̯~ɑ̟ːa̠ɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~ɑ̹ɪ̯æː~aɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ɒɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~əɪ̯aɪ~äɪpronounced as /äi̯/aɪ~äɪpronounced as /aɪ̯/~pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/~pronounced as /aː/äɪ~äːpronounced as /äɪ̯/pronounced as /ɑ̈ɪ̯~ʌ̞ɪ̯/pronounced as /ɐe̯/pronounced as /äɪ̯/pronounced as /ɐi̯~ɜi̯/pronounced as /æɪ̯~ɐɪ̯/pronounced as /əɪ̯~ɐɪ̯/pronounced as /ɑɪ̯~ɐɪ̯/pronounced as /aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /ɑ̟ɪ̯/ pronounced as /ɑe̯/pronounced as /ɒe̯/pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /ɜi̯, äe̯/pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /äɪ̯/pronounced as /äɪ̯/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ai̯/pronounced as /ɐ̟ɪ̯/pronounced as /ɜɪ̯/pronounced as /ɜi̯/flight
äː~äe̯~aːpronounced as /äɪ̯/pronounced as /äɪ̯/aɪ̯~ae̯~æɪ̯pronounced as /ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~äɪ̯/pronounced as /äɪ̯/aɪ~æɛ~aæäː~äɛpronounced as /ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /äe̯~ɜi̯/my
pronounced as /ɔɪ/oɪ̯pronounced as /ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /oɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯/ɔoɪpronounced as /oi̯/pronounced as /o̞ɪ̯/pronounced as /oɪ̯/pronounced as /oɪ̯/~pronounced as /ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /oɪ̯/~pronounced as /ʌɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /oi/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/~pronounced as /oɪ̯/ɔ̝ɪ~oɪɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ɔ̝ɪ̯~oɪ̯ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ɔɪpronounced as /oe̯/ɔɪɔɪpronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /oɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /əɪ̯~ɑɪ̯/pronounced as /aɪ̯~äɪ̯/pronounced as /ɒɪ̯~oɪ̯/pronounced as /ɒɪ̯/pronounced as /oɪ̯/pronounced as /oe̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /oi̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯~ɒɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /ɔi̯/pronounced as /ɔɪ̯/pronounced as /ɒɪ̯/pronounced as /ʌ̈i̯/boy
pronounced as /oʊ/ʌʊ̯~ɔʊ̯pronounced as /oʊ̯/~ɔʊ̯pronounced as /link/pronounced as /oʊ̯/~ʌʊ̯~o̞o̞~opronounced as /oʊ̯/~ʌʊ̯~o̞pronounced as /ʌo̯/~pronounced as /oʊ̯/~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /oʊ̯~oː/pronounced as /oʊ̯/pronounced as /oʊ̯~ʌ̈ʊ̯/pronounced as /ɘʊ̯/~pronounced as /ɜʊ̯/ɔu~ɒupronounced as /ɜʊ~ɜʊ̈~ɜʏ~ɘʊ̯/pronounced as /ɵ̞ʊ̯/pronounced as /ɜʉ̯~ɐʉ̯/pronounced as /ɐʉ̯~äʉ̯/pronounced as /oʊ̯/~pronounced as /ɵʊ̯/pronounced as /oː/~pronounced as /oə̯/pronounced as /oʊ̯/opronounced as /əʊ̯/ʌʊ̯~ɐʊ̯~aʊ̯æ̈ɤ̈~æ̈ɤ̝̈~ɐɤ̈~ɐɤ̝̈~
æ̈ʊ~ɐʊ~aʊ~ɐø~
œ̈ø~ʌ̈ː~œ̈
əʏ̯~əʊ̯oː~oʊ̯~ɵʊ̯oʊ̯oː~ɔːpronounced as /oː/~pronounced as /ʊə̯/~ɵːoː~ɔːɔʊ~ɔooː~ɔːpronounced as /ɛʉ̯~ɛʊ̯~eʉ̯~
eʊ̯~əʉ̯~əʊ̯/
oː~ɔːpronounced as /əʊ̯/pronounced as /əʉ̯/pronounced as /oː/pronounced as /ʌo̯/~pronounced as /ʌɔ̯/pronounced as /əʊ̯/pronounced as /oʊ̯/~pronounced as /əʊ̯/pronounced as /ɵʊ̯/pronounced as /ɜʉ̯~ɐʉ̯/pronounced as /ɐʉ̯/pronounced as /oː~oʊ̯/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /oː~oʊ̯/pronounced as /ɛʊ̯~œʊ̯/pronounced as /œʉ̯~œɤ̯̈~œː/pronounced as /ʌʊ̯/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /oː/pronounced as /ɘu̯/no
pronounced as /ou̯/pronounced as /oʊ̯/tow
ɔʊ̯~pronounced as /link/pronounced as /oʊ̯/~ʌʊ̯~ɔʊ̯~oːɔʊ̯~oːpronounced as /link/~pronounced as /oʊ̯/pronounced as /ɔu̯/pronounced as /ɒʊ̯~ɔʊ̯/ɒʊ~ɔo~aɤɒʊ̯~ɒɤ̯ɔʊ̯pronounced as /ɒʊ̯~ɔʊ̯/pronounced as /ɔo̯/soul
pronounced as /aʊ/æɔ̯~æə̯pronounced as /ɐʊ̯/pronounced as /aʊ̯~aː/äʊ̯pronounced as /äʊ̯~aʊ̯~æʊ̯/pronounced as /äʊ̯~ɐʊ̯/pronounced as /æʊ̯/pronounced as /ɑ̈ʊ̯/pronounced as /aʊ̯~æʊ̯/pronounced as /æʊ̯~ɛɔ̯/æɒ~æɔpronounced as /æɒ̯~ɛjɔ~ɜʊ̯/pronounced as /äʊ̯/pronounced as /aɔ̯~ao̯~æɔ̯~æo̯/pronounced as /æo̯~æə̯~ɛo̯~ɛə̯/ao̯~ɑə̯~aɵ~aɛ̯pronounced as /ʌʊ̯/pronounced as /ʌʊ̯~ɜʊ̯/a̽upronounced as /aʊ̯/æə̯~æʊ̯~ɛʉ̯~ɛ̝̈ʊ̯æʊ~æə~æː~aː~æiəæʊ̯~æʏ̯~aʊ̯~aʏ̯ɑʊ̯~aːæy~ɐʏ̯~ɐʊ̯~ɛɪ̯pronounced as /äu̯/~pronounced as /æu̯/~pronounced as /ɛu̯/~pronounced as /əu̯/~pronounced as /uː/ɐʊpronounced as /ɑ̟ʊ̯/pronounced as /aʊ̯/pronounced as /aɔ̯/pronounced as /äʊ̯/pronounced as /ɐʏ̯~ɜʉ̯/pronounced as /ɐʊ̯~ʌʊ̯/pronounced as /ɛʊ̯/pronounced as /aʊ̯~ɛʊ̯/pronounced as /aʊ̯/pronounced as /æo̯/pronounced as /ɛo̯~ɛə̯/pronounced as /ɑʊ̯/pronounced as /ɜʉ̯/pronounced as /ɑʊ̯/pronounced as /äʊ̯/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /æʊ̯/pronounced as /au̯/pronounced as /ɐu̯/pronounced as /ɜʊ̯/pronounced as /ɑ̟u̯/about
pronounced as /ɑ̟ʊ̯/pronounced as /äʊ̯~ɑʊ̯/now
pronounced as /ɑːr/ɑ(ɹ)~ɒ(ɹ)ɑɹ~ɒɹa(ɹ)~ä(ɹ)pronounced as /ɑ(ɹ)~a(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑɹ/ɑɹ~ɒɹpronounced as /ɑɹ/pronounced as /äɻ/~pronounced as /ɐɻ/ɑɹpronounced as /ɑ̟ə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɒə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /äə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑɹ~ɒɹ/pronounced as /ɑɹ/ɑː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ)ɑɹ~ɒɹpronounced as /äː(ɹ)/pronounced as /äː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑː(ɹ)/pronounced as /aːɹ/pronounced as /ɑɹ~ɐɹ/a̽~a̽ːpronounced as /ɑː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɑː(ɹ)/ɑː(ɹ)~ɑ̟ː(ɹ)~ɑ̹ː(ɹ)pronounced as /ɑː(ɹ)/äɻäː(ɹ)pronounced as /ɒː(ɾ)~ɑː(ɹ)/äː(ɹ)aː(ɾ)~ɑː(ɾ)äː(ɹ)pronounced as /ɑ̟ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑ̈ː(ɹ)~ʌ̞ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑː(ɹ)/pronounced as /äː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɑɻ/pronounced as /æːɹ/~pronounced as /aɹ/pronounced as /äːɹ/~pronounced as /ɑɹ/pronounced as /ɐː(ɹ)/~pronounced as /äː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑɹ/pronounced as /äɾ/pronounced as /ɑː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɑ̟ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɑː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɒː(ɾ)~ɔː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ä(ɹ)/pronounced as /aː(ɾ)/pronounced as /aː(ɹ)/~pronounced as /æː(ɹ)/arm
pronounced as /ɪər/iə̯(ɹ)~iɤ̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɪɐ̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /i(ɹ)~ɪ(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪɹ~iɹ/pronounced as /iɻ~iə̯ɻ/pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)/ɪə̯(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ)ɪɹ~iɹi(ɹ)ɪə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~iː(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /iː(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /iə̯(ɹ)~eə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /eːɹ/pronounced as /ɪɹ/ia̽pronounced as /iə̯(ɾ)~ɪə̯(ɾ)/ɘiɐ(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ)iə(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~ɪiɐ(ɹ)ɪː(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ)ɪː(ɹ)ɪə(ɹ)iɐ̯(ɹ)ɪəiɛ̯(ɾ)pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪ̞ː(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ)/ɪə̯(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɾ)~iː(ɾ)/pronounced as /iːɹ/pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪɹ~iɹ/pronounced as /iə̯ɾ/ɪə̯(ɾ)~iə̯(ɾ)pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪə̯(ɾ)~ɪː(ɾ)/pronounced as /iə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /iːə(ɾ)/~pronounced as /jøː(ɾ)/pronounced as /iːə(ɹ)/~pronounced as /jøː(ɹ)/deer
pronounced as /ɛər/ɛə̯(ɹ)ɛɹɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛɐ̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ɛ(ɹ)~æ(ɹ)/eɹ~ɛɹpronounced as /eə̯ɻ/~pronounced as /eɻ/ɛə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ɛə̯(ɹ)~eə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛɹ~eɹ/pronounced as /eɹ/ɛ(j)(ɹ)e̞ɹ~ɛ(j)ɹe̞ə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /e̞ː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ)/pronounced as /eː(ɹ)~e̝ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /eə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛɹ/ɛpronounced as /ɛə̯(ɾ)/ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ)ɛ̝ə(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~ɛiə(ɹ)ɛ̝ː(ɹ)~e̞ː(ɹ)pronounced as /ɛː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪː(ɾ)~eː(ɾ)~ëː(ɾ)~ɛː(ɾ)~
ɛ̈ː(ɾ)~œː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ)~
ɘː(ɾ)~ɜː(ɾ)~ɵː(ɾ)/
pronounced as /ɛː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛː(ɹ)~ɛə̯(ɹ)/ɛə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ɛə̯(ɾ)~eː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɚː/pronounced as /ɛːɹ/pronounced as /eːɹ/pronounced as /e̞ə̯(ɹ)/ɛɹpronounced as /eə̯ɾ/ɛə̯(ɾ)~ɛɐ̯(ɾ)pronounced as /ɛə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ)/pronounced as /eː(ɾ)~e̝ː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɛ(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɛː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɛː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ)/mare
pronounced as /ɜːr/ɚpronounced as /link/əː(ɹ)ɚpronounced as /ʌə(ɹ)~ʌɹ/ɝpronounced as /link/pronounced as /ɚ/~pronounced as /ɝ/pronounced as /link/~əɻɚɜː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)ɚəɪ̯pronounced as /link/ɜ(ɹ)ɚ~ɐɹpronounced as /əː(ɹ)/pronounced as /əː(ɹ)~ɘː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɘː(ɹ)~ɵː(ɹ)/ə(ɹ)~ɜ(ɹ)~ɜi̯(ɹ)ɤpronounced as /link/ɛ~ɔpronounced as /əː(ɾ)/ɵ̝ː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ)ɜː(ɹ)~ɜ̟ː(ɹ)~œ̈ː(ɹ)ɜː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)əː(ɹ)ɜɻɜː~ɛpronounced as /øː(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ)/ɜː~ɛɜː~ɛpronounced as /əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ)/pronounced as /əː(ɹ)/pronounced as /əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɜː(ɾ)~äɾ/pronounced as /ɚː/pronounced as /ɚː/pronounced as /ɚː/pronounced as /ʊːɹ/pronounced as /ɚː/pronounced as /ɵː(ɹ)/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ʌɾ/pronounced as /əː(ɾ)~ɐː(ɾ)/pronounced as /əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ø̈ː(ɹ)~ø̞̈ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ø̈ː(ɾ)~ø̞̈ː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /əː(ɾ)/pronounced as /øː(ɾ)/pronounced as /øː(ɹ)/burn
pronounced as /ɪɾ~ʌɾ/bird
pronounced as /əɹ/ pronounced as /ɛːɹ/pronounced as /ɛːɹ/pronounced as /ɛɾ/earth
pronounced as /ər/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/ɚɚpronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/ɚpronounced as /ə(ɹ)/ə~a̽~ɔ~ɪ~ɛpronounced as /œ(ɾ)~ə(ɾ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)~ɐ(ɹ)/ə(ɹ)~ə̝(ɹ)pronounced as /ə(ɹ)~ɐ(ɹ)/əɻə(ɹ)~ɜ(ɹ)pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɐ(ɹ)~a(ɹ)/pronounced as /ə(ɾ)/pronounced as /link/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /əɾ/pronounced as /ə(ɾ)~ɐ(ɾ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/pronounced as /ə(ɾ)/pronounced as /ə(ɾ)/pronounced as /ə(ɹ)/winner
pronounced as /ʌə(ɹ)~ʌɹ/donor
pronounced as /ɔːr/oə̯(ɹ)~ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɔo̯(ɹ)ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɒə̯(ɹ)~ɒ(ɹ)pronounced as /ɔə(ɹ)~ɔɹ/pronounced as /ɔɹ~oɹ/oɹ~ɔɹoɹ~ɔɹɔɻ~oɻoɹ~ɔɹɔə̯(ɹ)oɐ̯(ɹ)~ɔə̯(ɹ)oɹ~ɔɹɔə̯(ɹ)ɔɹpronounced as /o̞ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /oː(ɹ)/ɔə̯(ɹ)ɒːɹ~ɑːɹpronounced as /ɔɹ/ɔpronounced as /ɑː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ)/o̞ː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ)ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ə(ɹ)~ɔuə(ɹ), oː(ɹ)~oʊ(ɹ)~ɔo(ɹ)o̟ː~o̞ː, ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ːoː(ɹ)ɔɻ~oɻɔː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ)pronounced as /ɔː(ɹ)/ɔː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ)o̞ː(ɹ)ɔː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ)pronounced as /o̞ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /oː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɔː(ɾ)~ɒː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɔːɹ/pronounced as /äːɹ~ɑːɹ/pronounced as /ɒːɹ~oːɹ/pronounced as /oː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɔɾ/pronounced as /oː(ɾ)/pronounced as /o̞ː(ɹ)/pronounced as /oː(ɹ)/pronounced as /oː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ɔ(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɒː(ɾ)/pronounced as /ʌ̈ː(ɹ)/sort
ɔə̯(ɹ)~oɐ̯(ɹ)o(u)ə(ɹ)o(u)ɹoə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /oːɹ/pronounced as /oː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ)/o̞ː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ), ʌʊ̯ə(ɹ)pronounced as /oːɹ/pronounced as /ɔːɹ/pronounced as /ɒːɹ/pronounced as /oːɹ/pronounced as /o̝(ə̯)ɾ/pronounced as /oː(ɾ)/tore
pronounced as /ʊər/ʊə̯(ɹ)~ʊɐ̯(ɹ)pronounced as /uə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ)/pronounced as /ʊɹ~ɔɹ~oɹ/pronounced as /ʊɹ~ɔɹ~oɹ/pronounced as /uɻ~oɻ/uɹ~ɚʊə̯(ɹ)uə̯(ɹ)uɹ~ɚpronounced as /ʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), oː(ɹ)/pronounced as /uə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ʊɹ~ɔɹ/uə̯(ɾ)ɘua(ɹ)~ɘʉa(ɹ)~ʊa̯(ɹ)~ʊə̯(ɹ), ɔː(ɹ)~o̞ː(ɹ)ʊə(ɹ)~ʊː(ɹ), ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ə(ɹ)~ɔuə(ɹ), oː(ɹ)~oʊ(ɹ)~ɔo(ɹ)ʊə(ɹ)uɐ̯(ɹ)ʊə(ɹ)uɛ̯(ɾ)~ɪ̈u̯ə(ɾ)~ɪ̈ʊ̯ə(ɾ)~
pronounced as /o̞ː(ɾ)/
pronounced as /ʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɵː(ɹ)~ɤ̈ː(ɹ), o̞ː(ɹ)/oə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /ʊə̯(ɾ)~uː(ɾ)/pronounced as /uːɹ/pronounced as /ʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), oː(ɹ)/pronounced as /ʉɾ/oə̯(ɾ)~oɐ̯(ɾ)pronounced as /ʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /ʊə̯(ɹ)~oː(ɹ)/pronounced as /uə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /uːə(ɾ)/pronounced as /uːə(ɹ)/~pronounced as /ʌ̈ː(ɹ)/tour
pronounced as /jʊər/juə̯(ɹ)~jʊə̯(ɹ)juɹ~jʊɹjʊə̯(ɹ)~jʊɐ̯(ɹ)juə(ɹ)~jʊə(ɹ)pronounced as /jʊɹ~jɔɹ~joɹ/jʊɹ~jɔɹ~joɹ~jɚjʊɹ~juɹ~jɚpronounced as /jɚ/jʊ~juɹ~jɚjʊə̯(ɹ)juɐ̯(ɹ)~juə̯(ɹ)juɹpronounced as /jɔɹ~joɹ~jɚ/juə̯(ɹ)juɹ~jɚpronounced as /jʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /jʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), joː(ɹ)/pronounced as /juə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /joːɹ/pronounced as /jɚ~jʊɹ~jɵɹ/pronounced as /juə̯(ɾ)/jɘua(ɹ)~jɘʉa(ɹ)~jʊa̯(ɹ)~jʊə̯(ɹ), jɔː(ɹ)~jo̞ː(ɹ)jʊə(ɹ)~jʊː(ɹ), jɔː(ɹ)~jɔ̝ə(ɹ)~jɔuə(ɹ), joː(ɹ)~joʊ(ɹ)~jɔo(ɹ)jʉ̜ə̯(ɹ)~jʊ̜ə̯(ɹ)~jɔ̝ː(ɹ)joː(ɹ)jʊɻjʊə(ɹ)juɐ̯(ɹ)jʊə(ɹ)pronounced as /jo̞ː(ɾ)/pronounced as /jʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /jɵː(ɹ)~jɤ̈ː(ɹ), jo̞ː(ɹ)/joə̯(ɹ)pronounced as /jʊə̯(ɾ)~juː(ɾ)/pronounced as /juːɹ/pronounced as /jʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /jʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), joː(ɹ)/joɚpronounced as /jʉɾ/joə̯(ɾ)~joɐ̯(ɾ)pronounced as /jʊə̯(ɹ)/pronounced as /jʊə̯(ɹ)/~pronounced as /joː(ɹ)/pronounced as /joː(ɾ)/pronounced as /jɔ(ɹ)/pronounced as /ɪuːə(ɾ)/pronounced as /juːə(ɹ)/~pronounced as /jʌ̈ː(ɹ)/pure

See also

Further reading

pronounced as /navigation/

Notes and References

  1. Web site: ‖hlala kahle. Dictionary Unit for South African English. 2023. Dictionary of South African English. 2024-04-20.
  2. Web site: ibandla. Dictionary Unit for South African English. 2023. Dictionary of South African English. 2024-04-20.
  3. Book: Todd, Loreto . Cameroon . John Benjamins Publishing . 1982 . 9789027286703.
  4. Book: Fox, Susan . 2015 . The New Cockney: New Ethnicities and Adolescent Speech in the Traditional East End of London.
  5. Web site: Case Studies – Received Pronunciation Phonology – RP Vowel Sounds . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181225074019/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/%20 . 2018-12-25 . 2013-05-26 . British Library.
  6. Web site: 8 March 2012 . The British English vowel system .
  7. Suzanna Bet Hashim and Brown, Adam (2000) 'The [e] and [æ] vowels in Singapore English'. In Adam Brown, David Deterding and Low Ee Ling (eds.) The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation, Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics, pp. 84–92.
  8. Book: Deterding, David. Singapore English. 2007. Edinburgh University Press. United Kingdom. 24–26. 978-0-7486-3096-7.
  9. Deterding, David (2000) 'Measurements of the pronounced as //eɪ// and pronounced as //oʊ// vowels of young English speakers in Singapore'. In Adam Brown, David Deterding and Low Ee Ling (eds.), The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation, Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics, pp. 93–99.
  10. Mary W.J. Tay . 1982 . 'The phonology of educated Singapore English' . English World-Wide . 3 . 2 . 135–45 . 10.1075/eww.3.2.02tay.