ID3 (gene) explained

DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ID3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Members of the ID family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins lack a basic DNA-binding domain and inhibit transcription through formation of nonfunctional dimers that are incapable of binding to DNA.[supplied by OMIM]

Interactions

ID3 (gene) has been shown to interact with TCF3.^{[3] [4]}

Repressors of ID3

BTG2 binds to the promoter of Id3 and represses its activity. By this mechanism, the upregulation of Id3 in the hippocampus caused by BTG2 ablation prevents terminal differentiation of hippocampal neurons.^[5]

See also

• Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein

Further reading

• White PS, Maris JM, Beltinger C, Sulman E, Marshall HN, Fujimori M, Kaufman BA, Biegel JA, Allen C, Hilliard C, Valentine MB, Look AT, Enomoto H, Sakiyama S, Brodeur GM . A region of consistent deletion in neuroblastoma maps within human chromosome 1p36.2-36.3 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 12 . 5520–4 . 1995 . 7777541 . 41727 . 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5520 . 1995PNAS...92.5520W . free .
• Kato S, Sekine S, Oh SW, Kim NS, Umezawa Y, Abe N, Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Aoki T . Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank . Gene . 150 . 2 . 243–50 . 1994 . 7821789 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90433-2 .
• Deed RW, Hirose T, Mitchell EL, Santibanez-Koref MF, Norton JD . Structural organisation and chromosomal mapping of the human Id-3 gene . Gene . 151 . 1–2 . 309–14 . 1994 . 7828896 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90676-9 .
• Deed RW, Bianchi SM, Atherton GT, Johnston D, Santibanez-Koref M, Murphy JJ, Norton JD . An immediate early human gene encodes an Id-like helix-loop-helix protein and is regulated by protein kinase C activation in diverse cell types . Oncogene . 8 . 3 . 599–607 . 1993 . 8437843 .
• Ishiguro A, Spirin K, Shiohara M, Tobler A, Norton JD, Rigolet M, Shimbo T, Koeffler HP . Expression of Id2 and Id3 mRNA in human lymphocytes . Leuk. Res. . 19 . 12 . 989–96 . 1995 . 8632670 . 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00084-4 .
• Wibley J, Deed R, Jasiok M, Douglas K, Norton J . A homology model of the Id-3 helix-loop-helix domain as a basis for structure-function predictions . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1294 . 2 . 138–46 . 1996 . 8645731 . 10.1016/0167-4838(96)00008-8 .
• Loveys DA, Streiff MB, Kato GJ . E2A basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors are negatively regulated by serum growth factors and by the Id3 protein . Nucleic Acids Res. . 24 . 14 . 2813–20 . 1996 . 8759016 . 145994 . 10.1093/nar/24.14.2813 .
• Deed RW, Armitage S, Norton JD . Nuclear localization and regulation of Id protein through an E protein-mediated chaperone mechanism . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 39 . 23603–6 . 1996 . 8798572 . 10.1074/jbc.271.39.23603 . free .
• Deed RW, Jasiok M, Norton JD . Attenuated function of a variant form of the helix-loop-helix protein, Id-3, generated by an alternative splicing mechanism . FEBS Lett. . 393 . 1 . 113–6 . 1996 . 8804437 . 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00868-X . 27733563 .
• Chen B, Lim RW . Physical and functional interactions between the transcriptional inhibitors Id3 and ITF-2b. Evidence toward a novel mechanism regulating muscle-specific gene expression . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 4 . 2459–63 . 1997 . 8999959 . 10.1074/jbc.272.4.2459 . free .
• Langlands K, Yin X, Anand G, Prochownik EV . Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 32 . 19785–93 . 1997 . 9242638 . 10.1074/jbc.272.32.19785 . free .
• Deed RW, Hara E, Atherton GT, Peters G, Norton JD . Regulation of Id3 cell cycle function by Cdk-2-dependent phosphorylation . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 12 . 6815–21 . 1997 . 9372912 . 232537 . 10.1128/MCB.17.12.6815.
• Deed RW, Jasiok M, Norton JD . Lymphoid-specific expression of the Id3 gene in hematopoietic cells. Selective antagonism of E2A basic helix-loop-helix protein associated with Id3-induced differentiation of erythroleukemia cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 14 . 8278–86 . 1998 . 9525934 . 10.1074/jbc.273.14.8278 . free .
• Asp J, Thornemo M, Inerot S, Lindahl A . The helix-loop-helix transcription factors Id1 and Id3 have a functional role in control of cell division in human normal and neoplastic chondrocytes . FEBS Lett. . 438 . 1–2 . 85–90 . 1998 . 9821964 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01268-X . 22138517 . free .
• Yates PR, Atherton GT, Deed RW, Norton JD, Sharrocks AD . Id helix-loop-helix proteins inhibit nucleoprotein complex formation by the TCF ETS-domain transcription factors . EMBO J. . 18 . 4 . 968–76 . 1999 . 10022839 . 1171189 . 10.1093/emboj/18.4.968 .
• Moldes M, Boizard M, Liepvre XL, Fève B, Dugail I, Pairault J . Functional antagonism between inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) and adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (ADD1/SREBP-1c) trans-factors for the regulation of fatty acid synthase promoter in adipocytes . Biochem. J. . 344 Pt 3 . 3. 873–80 . 1999 . 10585876 . 1220711 . 10.1042/0264-6021:3440873 . 344 .
• Bounpheng MA, Dimas JJ, Dodds SG, Christy BA . Degradation of Id proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway . FASEB J. . 13 . 15 . 2257–64 . 1999 . 10593873 . 10.1096/fasebj.13.15.2257. free . 12697752 .
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, Saito R, Oda H, Endo T, Kondo S, Bono H, Okazaki Y, Hayashizaki Y . Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs . Genome Res. . 11 . 10 . 1758–65 . 2001 . 11591653 . 311163 . 10.1101/gr.180101 .
• Jögi A, Persson P, Grynfeld A, Påhlman S, Axelson H . Modulation of basic helix-loop-helix transcription complex formation by Id proteins during neuronal differentiation . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 11 . 9118–26 . 2002 . 11756408 . 10.1074/jbc.M107713200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Ellmeier W, Aguzzi A, Kleiner E, Kurzbauer R, Weith A . Mutually exclusive expression of a helix-loop-helix gene and N-myc in human neuroblastomas and in normal development . EMBO J. . 11 . 7 . 2563–71 . Aug 1992 . 1628620 . 556731 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05321.x.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ID3 inhibitor of DNA binding 3, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein.
3. Deed RW, Jasiok M, Norton JD . Lymphoid-specific expression of the Id3 gene in hematopoietic cells. Selective antagonism of E2A basic helix-loop-helix protein associated with Id3-induced differentiation of erythroleukemia cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 14 . 8278–86 . Apr 1998 . 9525934 . 10.1074/jbc.273.14.8278 . free .
4. Langlands K, Yin X, Anand G, Prochownik EV . Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 32 . 19785–93 . Aug 1997 . 9242638 . 10.1074/jbc.272.32.19785 . free .
5. Farioli-Vecchioli S, Saraulli D, Costanzi M, Leonardi L, Cinà I, Micheli L, Nutini M, Longone P, Oh SP, Cestari V, Tirone F . Impaired terminal differentiation of hippocampal granule neurons and defective contextual memory in PC3/Tis21 knockout mice . PLOS ONE . 4 . 12 . e8339 . 2009 . 20020054 . 2791842 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0008339 . 2009PLoSO...4.8339F . Okazawa . Hitoshi . free .