ITunes explained

iTunes
Developer:Apple Inc.
Latest Release Version:12.13.2
Operating System: (latest version)
Platform:
Replaced By:For media:
TV
Music
Podcasts
For device management:
Finder (macOS)
Apple Devices (Windows)
Size:400 MB
License:Freeware

iTunes was a media player, media library, and mobile device management utility developed by Apple. It was used to purchase, play, download and organize digital multimedia on personal computers running the macOS and Windows operating systems, and can be used to rip songs from CDs as well as playing content from dynamic, smart playlists. It includes options for sound optimization and wirelessly sharing iTunes libraries.

iTunes was announced by Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2001. Its original and main focus was music, with a library offering organization and storage of Mac users' music collections. With the 2003 addition of the iTunes Store for purchasing and downloading digital music, and a Windows version of the program, it became an ubiquitous tool for managing music and configuring other features on Apple's line of iPod media players, which extended to the iPhone and iPad upon their introduction. From 2005 on, Apple expanded its core music features with support for digital video, podcasts, e-books, and mobile apps purchased from the iOS App Store. Since the release of iOS 5 in 2011, these devices have become less dependent on iTunes, though it can still be used to back up their contents.

Though well received in its early years, iTunes received increasing criticism for a bloated user experience, which incorporated features beyond its original focus on music. Beginning with Macs running macOS Catalina and Windows 11 PCs, iTunes was replaced by separate apps, namely Music, Podcasts, and TV, with Finder and Apple Devices taking over the device management capabilities.[1] [2] [3] This change did not affect iTunes running on Windows or older macOS versions.[4]

In February 2024, most features of iTunes for Windows were split into the Apple TV, Music, and Apple Devices apps. When the apps are installed, iTunes is still used for podcasts and audiobooks.[5]

History

See also: History of iTunes. SoundJam MP, released by Casady & Greene in 1999, was renamed "iTunes" when Apple purchased it the next year. The primary developers of the software moved to Apple as part of the acquisition, and simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support.[6] [7] The first version of iTunes, promotionally dubbed "World's Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software",[8] was announced on January 9, 2001.[9] Subsequent releases of iTunes often coincided with new hardware devices, and gradually included support for new features, including "smart playlists", the iTunes Store, and new audio formats.

Platform availability

Apple released iTunes for Windows on October 16, 2003.[10]

On April 26, 2018, iTunes was released on Microsoft Store for Windows 10,[11] primarily to allow it to be installed on Windows 10 devices configured to only allow installation of software from Microsoft Store.[12] Unlike Windows versions for other platforms, it is more self-contained due to technical requirements for distribution on the store (not installing background helper services such as Bonjour), and is updated automatically through the store rather than using Apple Software Update.[13]

The role of iTunes has been replaced with independent apps, Apple Music, Apple Podcasts, and Apple TV; with iPhone, iPod, and iPad management integrated into the Finder starting with macOS 10.15 Catalina, and appearing as Apple Devices starting with Windows 10.[14] [15]

Music library

iTunes features a music library. Each track has attributes, called metadata, that can be edited by the user, including changing the name of the artist, album, and genre, year of release, artwork, among other additional settings.[16] [17] The software supports importing digital audio tracks that can then be transferred to iOS devices,[18] as well as supporting ripping content from CDs.[19] [20] iTunes supports WAV, AIFF, Apple Lossless, AAC, and MP3 audio formats.[21] It uses the Gracenote music database to provide track name listings for audio CDs. When users rip content from a CD, iTunes attempts to match songs to the Gracenote service. For self-published CDs, or those from obscure record labels, iTunes would normally only list tracks as numbered entries ("Track 1" and "Track 2") on an unnamed album by an unknown artist, requiring manual input of data.[22]

File metadata is displayed in users' libraries in columns, including album, artist, genre, composer, and more.[23] Users can enable or disable different columns, as well as change view settings.[24]

Special playlists

Introduced in 2004,[25] "Party Shuffle" selected tracks to play randomly from the library, though users could press a button to skip a song and go to the next in the list.[26] The feature was later renamed "iTunes DJ",[27] before being discontinued altogether, replaced by a simpler "Up Next" feature that notably lost some of "iTunes DJ"'s functionality.[28]

Introduced in iTunes 8 in 2008, "" can automatically generate a playlist of songs from the user's library that "go great together".[29] "Genius" transmits information about the user's library to Apple anonymously, and evolves over time to enhance its recommendation system. It can also suggest purchases to fill out "holes" in the library.[30] The feature was updated with iTunes 9 in 2009 to offer "Genius Mixes", which generated playlists based on specific music genres.[31] [32]

"Smart playlists" are a set of playlists that can be set to automatically filter the library based on a customized list of selection criteria, much like a database query. Multiple criteria can be entered to manage the smart playlist.[33] Selection criteria examples include a genre like Christmas music, songs that have not been played recently, or songs the user has listened to the most in a time period.[34]

Library sharing

Through a "Home Sharing" feature, users can share their iTunes library wirelessly.[35] Computer firewalls must allow network traffic, and users must specifically enable sharing in the iTunes preferences menu. iOS applications also exist that can transfer content without Internet.[36] Additionally, users can set up a network-attached storage system, and connect to that storage system through an app.[37]

Sound processing

iTunes includes sound processing features, such as equalization, "sound enhancement" and crossfade. There is also a feature called, which normalizes the playback volume of all songs in the library to the same level.[38] [39]

Online music functionality

iTunes Store

See main article: iTunes Store. Introduced on April 28, 2003, The iTunes Music Store allows users to buy and download songs, with 200,000 tracks available at launch. In its first week, customers bought more than one million songs.[40] Music purchased was protected by FairPlay, an encryption layer referred to as digital rights management (DRM).[41] The use of DRM, which limited devices capable of playing purchased files,[42] sparked efforts to remove the protection mechanism.[43] Eventually, after an open letter to the music industry by CEO Steve Jobs in February 2007,[44] Apple introduced a selection of DRM-free music in the iTunes Store in April 2007,[45] followed by its entire music catalog without DRM in January 2009.[46]

iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match

In June 2011, Apple announced "iTunes in the Cloud", in which music purchases were stored on Apple's servers and made available for automatic downloading on new devices. For music the user owns, such as content ripped from CDs, the company introduced "iTunes Match", a feature that can upload content to Apple's servers, match it to its catalog, change the quality to 256 kbit/s AAC format, and make it available to other devices.[47] [48]

Internet radio, iTunes Radio and Apple Music

See main article: iTunes Radio and Apple Music. When iTunes was first released, it came with support for the Kerbango Internet radio tuner service.[49] In June 2013, the company announced iTunes Radio, a free music streaming service.[50] In June 2015, Apple announced Apple Music, a subscription-based music streaming service, and subsequently integrated iTunes Radio functionality. Music tracks provided by Apple Music via iTunes are available at up to 256 kbit/s AAC fidelity. The Apple Music app also integrates Apple Music 1, a live music radio station.[51]

Other features

Video

In May 2005, video support was introduced to iTunes with the release of iTunes 4.8,[52] [53] though it was limited to bonus features part of album purchases.[54] The following October, Apple introduced iTunes 6, enabling support for purchasing and viewing video content purchased from the iTunes Store. At launch, the store offered popular shows from the ABC network, including Desperate Housewives and Lost, along with Disney Channel series That's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. CEO Steve Jobs told the press that "We're doing for video what we've done for music — we're making it easy and affordable to purchase and download, play on your computer, and take with you on your iPod."[55]

In 2008, Apple and select film studios introduced "iTunes Digital Copy", a feature on select DVDs and Blu-ray discs allowing a digital copy in iTunes and associated media players.[56] [57] [58]

Podcasts

See main article: Apple Podcasts. In June 2005, Apple updated iTunes with support for podcasts.[59] [60] Users can subscribe to podcasts, change update frequency, define how many episodes to download and how many to delete.

Similar to songs, "Smart playlists" can be used to control podcasts in a playlist, setting criteria such as date and number of times listened to.[61]

Apple is credited for being the major catalyst behind the early growth of podcasting.[62]

Apps

See main article: App Store (iOS/iPadOS). On July 10, 2008, Apple introduced native mobile apps for its iOS operating system. On iOS, a dedicated App Store application served as the storefront for browsing, downloading, updating, and otherwise managing applications, whereas iTunes on computers had a dedicated section for apps rather than a separate app.[63] In September 2017, Apple updated iTunes to version 12.7, removing the App Store section in the process.[64] [65] iTunes 12.6.3 was released the following month, retaining App Store functionality, with 9to5Mac noting that the secondary release was positioned by Apple as "necessary for some businesses performing internal app deployments".[66] [67]

iTunes U

In May 2007, Apple announced the launch of "iTunes U" via the iTunes Store, which delivers university lectures from top U.S. colleges.[68] [69] With iTunes version 12.7 in August 2017, iTunes U collections became a part of the Podcasts app.[70] On June 10, 2020, Apple formally announced that iTunes U would be discontinued at the end of 2021.[71]

Apple mobile device connectivity

iTunes was required to activate early iPhone and iPad devices. Beginning with the iPhone 3G in June 2008, activation did not require iTunes, making use of activation at point of sale.[72] Later iPhone models are able to be activated and set-up on their own, without requiring the use of iTunes.

iTunes also allows users to backup and restore the content of their Apple mobile devices, such as music, photos, videos, ringtones and device settings,[73] and restore the firmware of their devices. However, as of iTunes 12.7, apps can no longer be purchased and installed using iTunes.

Ping

See main article: iTunes Ping. With the release of iTunes 10 in September 2010, Apple announced iTunes Ping, which CEO Steve Jobs described as "social music discovery". It had features reminiscent of Facebook, including profiles and the ability to follow other users.[74] Ping was discontinued in September 2012.[75]

Criticism

Security

The Telegraph reported in November 2011 that Apple had been aware of a security vulnerability since 2008 that would let unauthorized third parties install "updates" to users' iTunes software. Apple fixed the issue before the Telegraphs report and told the media that "The security and privacy of our users is extremely important", though this was questioned by security researcher Brian Krebs, who told the publication that "A prominent security researcher warned Apple about this dangerous vulnerability in mid-2008, yet the company waited more than 1,200 days to fix the flaw."[76]

Software bloat

iTunes has been repeatedly accused of being bloated as part of Apple's efforts to turn it from a music player to an all-encompassing multimedia platform.[77] [78] [79] [80] Former PC World editor Ed Bott accused the company of hypocrisy in its advertising attacks on Windows for similar practices.[81]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Carman . Ashley . June 3, 2019 . Apple breaks up iTunes, creates separate Podcasts, TV, and Music apps for macOS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130024406/https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18647182/apple-itunes-podcasts-music-tv-mac-os-wwdc-2019 . January 30, 2021 . June 3, 2019 . The Verge.
  2. Web site: Roettgers . Janko . June 3, 2019 . Apple Is Officially Killing iTunes, Replacing It With Three Dedicated Media Apps . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130024426/https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/itunes-shutting-down-1203231598/ . January 30, 2021 . June 3, 2019 . Variety . en.
  3. Web site: January 13, 2023 . Apple to replace iTunes for Windows with Music, TV, and Devices apps . January 30, 2023 . GSMArena.com . January 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130073124/https://www.gsmarena.com/apple_will_replace_itunes_for_windows_with_music_tv_and_devices_apps-news-57187.php . live .
  4. Web site: Spangler . Todd . June 3, 2019 . Apple's iTunes Store, iTunes App for Windows Aren't Going Away . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211124090137/https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/apple-itunes-store-ios-windows-not-going-away-1203231814/ . November 24, 2021 . June 3, 2019 . . en.
  5. Web site: 2024-02-07 . Apple Officially Splits iTunes for Windows Into Apple Music, TV, and Devices Apps . 2024-02-08 . MacRumors . en . May 10, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510143502/https://www.macrumors.com/2024/02/07/apple-splits-itunes-for-windows/ . live .
  6. Web site: Seff . Jonathan . May 1, 2001 . The Song Is Over for SoundJam . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190402152452/https://www.macworld.com/article/1002145/11soundjam.html . April 2, 2019 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  7. Book: Levy, Steven . 2006 . . 978-0-7432-9391-4 . 47–49 . en.
  8. Web site: Cheng . Jacqui . November 23, 2012 . iTunes through the ages . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014226/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/11/itunes-through-the-ages/ . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Condé Nast.
  9. Web site: McElhearn . Kirk . January 9, 2016 . 15 years of iTunes: A look at Apple's media app and its influence on an industry . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014254/https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  10. Web site: October 16, 2003 . Apple Launches iTunes for Windows . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210109084502/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2003/10/16Apple-Launches-iTunes-for-Windows/ . January 9, 2021 . December 16, 2017 . Apple Newsroom . Apple Inc..
  11. News: Warren . Tom . April 26, 2018 . iTunes is now available in the Microsoft Store for Windows 10 . . live . April 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210120232526/https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/26/17287260/itunes-windows-10-microsoft-store-download . January 20, 2021.
  12. Web site: Warren . Tom . May 11, 2017 . Apple is bringing iTunes to the Windows Store . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201238/https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/11/15616594/apple-itunes-windows-store-app-windows-10 . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Vox Media.
  13. Web site: January 23, 2019 . Apple iTunes: Standalone vs. Microsoft Store Edition . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201016073231/https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2019/01/apple-itunes-standalone-vs-microsoft-store-edition/ . October 16, 2020 . October 9, 2020 . ElcomSoft blog . en-US.
  14. Web site: Download iTunes for Windows . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240606030542/https://support.apple.com/en-us/118290 . June 6, 2024 . June 9, 2024 . Apple, Inc.
  15. Web site: Warren . Tom . February 8, 2024 . Apple moves away from iTunes on PC with new Windows apps . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529000914/https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/8/24065866/apple-windows-apps-music-tv-devices-itunes . May 29, 2024 . June 9, 2024 . The Verge.
  16. Web site: Elliott . Matt . April 30, 2014 . Clean up and organize your iTunes music library . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014027/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/clean-up-and-organize-your-itunes-music-library/ . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . CBS Interactive.
  17. Web site: Miller . Dan . February 13, 2014 . How I edit track metadata in iTunes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014236/https://www.macworld.com/article/2097420/how-i-edit-track-metadata-in-itunes.html . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  18. Web site: Costello . Sam . October 4, 2017 . How to Import Downloaded Music to iTunes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201439/https://www.lifewire.com/add-downloaded-mp3s-to-itunes-4103834 . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Dotdash.
  19. Web site: Costello . Sam . June 13, 2017 . Use iTunes to Copy CDs to Your iPhone or iPod . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111161621/https://www.lifewire.com/copy-cd-to-ipod-iphone-with-itunes-1999496 . January 11, 2023 . December 16, 2017 . . Dotdash.
  20. Web site: Breen . Christopher . January 12, 2011 . How to rip CDs with iTunes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014244/https://www.macworld.com/article/1156861/software-graphics/howto-rip-cds.html . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  21. Web site: McElhearn . Kirk . April 14, 2016 . The complete guide to using iTunes with lossless audio . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111161623/https://www.macworld.com/article/227769/the-complete-guide-to-using-itunes-with-lossless-audio.html . January 11, 2023 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  22. Web site: Costello . Sam . March 28, 2017 . What To Do When iTunes Doesn't Have CD Names for Your Music . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180711152001/https://www.lifewire.com/when-itunes-doesnt-have-cd-names-for-music-2000484 . July 11, 2018 . December 16, 2017 . . Dotdash.
  23. Web site: Bove . Tony . How to browse iTunes by artist and album . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201443/http://www.dummies.com/consumer-electronics/mp3-players/ipod/how-to-browse-itunes-by-artist-and-album/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . John Wiley & Sons.
  24. Web site: Bohon . Cory . August 21, 2015 . How to change iTunes playlist view . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201440/http://www.techradar.com/how-to/software/applications/how-to-change-itunes-playlist-view-1302442 . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Future plc.
  25. Web site: Snell . Jason . April 28, 2004 . iTunes 4.5: Hits and Misses . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014229/https://www.macworld.com/article/1030797/000169.html . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  26. Web site: McElhearn . Kirk . February 5, 2007 . Doing the iTunes shuffle . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014143/https://www.macworld.com/article/1055239/marchplaylist.html . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  27. Web site: Hahn . Jason Duaine . January 10, 2015 . Happy Birthday, iTunes: Here's How Apple's Media App Has Changed Over 14 Years . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201447/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2015/01/worst-itunes-changes/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Verizon Hearst Media Partners.
  28. Web site: Costello . Sam . February 9, 2017 . Using the Up Next Feature in iTunes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111161621/https://www.lifewire.com/up-next-feature-in-itunes-4103858 . January 11, 2023 . December 16, 2017 . . Dotdash.
  29. Web site: Chartier . David . September 9, 2008 . Apple rocks out, announces new iPods, iTunes 8 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014200/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/09/apple-announces-new-products-at-lets-rock-event/ . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Condé Nast.
  30. Dumas . Daniel . September 9, 2008 . Let's rock: Apple unveils new iPod, Genius playlists, HDTV, NBC . live . . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111161624/https://www.wired.com/2008/09/apple-event-let/ . January 11, 2023 . December 16, 2017.
  31. Web site: Cox . Tim . September 9, 2009 . Tip: Update Genius in iTunes 9 to Access Genius Mixes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201445/https://www.cultofmac.com/16094/update-genius-in-itunes-9-to-access-genius-mixes/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . Cult of Mac.
  32. Web site: Sande . Steven . September 11, 2009 . iTunes 9 Genius Mixes: You don't need to be a genius to create 'em . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014230/https://www.engadget.com/2009/09/11/itunes-9-genius-mixes-you-dont-need-to-be-a-genius-to-create/ . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Oath Inc..
  33. Gardiner . Bryan . September 3, 2013 . Use Smart playlists to keep your iPhone filled with your newest music . live . . . https://web.archive.org/web/20161226111628/https://www.wired.com/2013/09/itunes-smart-playlist/ . December 26, 2016 . December 16, 2017.
  34. Web site: Trapani . Gina . February 13, 2008 . Top 10 iTunes Smart Playlists . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111161622/https://lifehacker.com/top-10-itunes-smart-playlists-355743 . January 11, 2023 . December 16, 2017 . . Univision Communications.
  35. Web site: Rawlinson . Nik . June 13, 2012 . How to share your iTunes music library on a home network . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201404/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-share-your-itunes-music-library-on-a-home-network/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . CBS Interactive.
  36. Web site: Prindle . Drew . April 4, 2013 . How to share your iTunes library . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201257/https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/how-to-share-your-itunes-library/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . Digital Trends.
  37. Web site: Whitney . Lance . February 16, 2017 . How to Share Your iTunes Library Among Multiple Devices . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201211/http://uk.pcmag.com/music-products/87884/news/how-to-share-your-itunes-library-among-multiple-devices . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Ziff Davis.
  38. Web site: Kessler . Topher . December 4, 2012 . How to improve sound quality in iTunes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201450/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-improve-sound-quality-in-itunes/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . CBS Interactive.
  39. Web site: McElhearn . Kirk . June 6, 2016 . How to tweak your sound in iTunes and on iOS devices . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014238/https://www.macworld.com/article/3074418/streaming-media/how-to-tweak-your-sound-in-itunes-and-on-ios-devices.html . December 17, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . International Data Group.
  40. Chen . Brian X. . April 28, 2010 . April 28, 2003: Apple opens iTunes Store . live . . . https://web.archive.org/web/20201129233340/https://www.wired.com/2010/04/0428itunes-music-store-opens/ . November 29, 2020 . December 16, 2017.
  41. Web site: Dilger . Daniel Eran . February 26, 2007 . How FairPlay Works: Apple's iTunes DRM Dilemma . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170927030905/http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/2A351C60-A4E5-4764-A083-FF8610E66A46.html . September 27, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . RoughlyDrafted.
  42. Web site: Hamilton . Dave . September 2, 2015 . How iTunes Movie DRM-Removal Software Keeps Me Honest . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005923/https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/itunes-drm-removal-keeps-me-legal . December 6, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . The Mac Observer.
  43. Web site: Tanous . Jim . September 2, 2015 . The iTunes DRM Removal Saga: NoteBurner and a Look Back at Requiem . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171220140209/https://www.tekrevue.com/itunes-drm-removal/ . December 20, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . TekRevue.
  44. Web site: Kim . Arnold . February 6, 2007 . Steve Jobs 'Thoughts on Music' – Asks for No Digital Rights Management . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201444/https://www.macrumors.com/2007/02/06/steve-jobs-thoughts-on-music/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . MacRumors.
  45. Web site: Arrington . Michael . Michael Arrington . April 2, 2007 . EMI, Apple To Sell DRM-Free Music for $1.29/song . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201437/https://techcrunch.com/2007/04/02/emi-apple-are-announcing-sale-of-non-drm-music/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Oath Inc..
  46. Web site: Johnson . Bobbie . January 6, 2009 . Apple drops DRM copy protection from millions of iTunes songs . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140204034137/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jan/06/apple-drops-itunes-copy-protection . February 4, 2014 . December 16, 2017 . The Guardian.
  47. Web site: Ziegler . Chris . June 6, 2011 . iTunes in the Cloud beta available today, iTunes Match lets you 'upload' the tracks you already own for $24.99 a year . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045434/https://www.theverge.com/2011/06/06/itunes-cloud-announced/ . September 20, 2018 . December 16, 2017 . . Vox Media.
  48. Web site: Myers . Courtney Boyd . June 6, 2011 . iTunes Match: Apple announces its cloud based music service . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201303/https://thenextweb.com/wwdc/2011/06/06/apple-announces-itunes-in-the-cloud/ . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . The Next Web.
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  50. Web site: Gross . Doug . June 11, 2013 . Apple arrives (late?) to music streaming with iTunes Radio . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201413/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/10/tech/web/itunes-radio-apple-wwdc/index.html . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . . Turner Broadcasting System.
  51. Web site: Popper . Ben . Singleton . Micah . June 8, 2015 . Apple announces its streaming music service, Apple Music . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200330163713/https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/8/8729481/apple-music-streaming-service-wwdc-15 . March 30, 2020 . December 16, 2017 . . Vox Media.
  52. Web site: May 9, 2005 . iTunes 4.8 adds video support, Yorkdale store photos, more . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201433/http://appleinsider.com/articles/05/05/09/itunes_48_adds_video_support_yorkdale_store_photos_more . December 16, 2017 . December 16, 2017 . AppleInsider.
  53. Web site: Apple releases iTunes 4.8 . January 23, 2023 . Macworld . en . January 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123124751/https://www.macworld.com/article/175588/itunes-42.html . live .
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