Ištuanda Explained

Conventional Long Name:	Akkadian: {{cuneiform|11|
Common Name:	Ištuanda
Era:	Iron Age
Government Type:	Monarchy
Year Start:	Early 1st millennium BCE ?
Year End:	Unknown
Event1:	Atunaean-Ištuandaean attack on Bīt-Burutaš
P1:	Hittite empire
Flag P1:	Hittite KingdomsecXIV.png
Image Map Caption:	Ištuanda among the Syro-Hittite states
Capital:	Ištuanda
Common Languages:	Luwian
Religion:	Luwian religion
Title Leader:	King
Leader1:	Tuḫamme
Sovereignty Type:	Vassal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (-)
Today:	Turkey

Ištuanda (Akkadian: {{cuneiform|11|^{[1] [2]}) or Ištunda (Akkadian: {{cuneiform|11|^[3]) was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age.

Geography

Ištuanda was located in northern Cappadocia, in the northwestern part of the Tabalian region close to the kingdom of Atuna and near what is presently Aksaray.

History

Bronze Age

The territory that later became Ištuanda might have corresponded to the region which was referred to in Hittite texts from the Late Bronze Age as Wašuduwanda (Hittite: {{cuneiform|ana|), which was the site of a shrine to the goddess Ḫepat.

Iron Age

Kingdom of Ištuanda

By, the Tabalian region, including Ištuanda, had become a tributary of the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III, possibly after his conquest of Arpad over the course of 743 to 740 BC caused the states of the Tabalian region to submit to him, or possibly as a result of a campaign of Tiglath-pileser III in Tabal.

Consequently, in 738 and 732 BCE, the king Tuḫamme of Ištuanda was one of the five rulers of the Tabalian region who paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser III.

Around, Ištuanda and the nearby Tabalian state of Atuna jointly attacked and occupied some of the cities of Bīt-Burutaš which the Neo-Assyrian king Sargon II had handed over to his loyal vassal, the king Warpalawas II of Tuwana.

List of rulers

• (Akkadian: {{cuneiform|11|^{[4] [5]}),

Sources

• Encyclopedia: Streck . Michael P. .

  de:Michael P. Streck

  . Frantz-Szabó . Gabriella . Krebernik . Manfred .

  de:Manfred Krebernik

  . Bonacossi . D. Morandi . Postgate . J. N. . Nicholas Postgate (academic) . Seidl . Ursula .

  de:Ursula Seidl

  . Stol . M. . Wilhelm . Gernot .

  de:Gernot Wilhelm

  . Aro . Sanna . 2013 . Tabal . . Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies . de . 13 . 388-391 . Berlin, Germany; New York City, United States . . 978-3-110-30715-3 .
• Book: Bryce, Trevor . Trevor R. Bryce . 2009 . The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire . London, England . . 978-0-415-39485-7 .
• Book: Bryce, Trevor . Trevor R. Bryce . 2012 . The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, United Kingdom . . 978-0-199-21872-1.
• Web site: Wašuduwanta . Kryszeń . A. . 2023 . Hittite Toponyms . University of Mainz. 16 April 2024 .
• Book: Weeden, Mark . Radner . Karen . Karen Radner . Moeller . Nadine . Potts . Daniel T. . 2023 . The Iron Age States of Central Anatolia and Northern Syria . The Age of Assyria . The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East . 4 . . . 912-1026 . 978-0-190-68763-2.

See also

• Ancient regions of Anatolia

Notes and References

1. Web site: Ištundaya [OF IšTUNDA] (EN) ]. The Correspondence of Tiglath-Pileser III and Sargon II from Calah/Nimrud . State Archives of Assyria Online . . .
2. Web site: Ištundaya [OF IšTUNDA] (EN) ]. Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire . . .
3. Web site: Ištundayu [OF IšTUNDA] (EN) ]. Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire . . .
4. Web site: Tuhamme [RULER OF IšTUNDA] (RN) ]. Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities . . .
5. Web site: Tuhamme [RULER OF IšTUNDA] (RN) ]. Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire . . .