Hywind Scotland Explained

Hywind Scotland
Country:Scotland, United Kingdom
Location:Scotland, Grampian
Status:Offline, undergoing heavy maintenance
Construction Began:2016
Commissioned:October 2017
Cost:£264m
Owner:Equinor (75%)
Masdar (25%)
Operator:Hywind (Scotland) Limited
Wind Farm Type:Offshore
Ps Site Area:15km2
Wind Offshore Depth:95m-120mm (312feet-390feetm)
Wind Offshore Distance:25km (16miles)
Wind Hub Height:101m (331feet)
Wind Rotor Diameter:154m (505feet)
Wind Rated Speed:10.1m/s
Ps Units Operational:5 x 6 MW
Ps Units Manu Model:Siemens Wind Power SWT-6.0-154
Ps Electrical Capacity:30 MW
Ps Electrical Cap Fac:54%

Hywind Scotland is the world's first commercial wind farm using floating wind turbines, situated 18miles off Peterhead, Scotland. The farm has five 6 MW Siemens direct-drive turbines on Hywind floating monopiles, with a total capacity of 30 MW.[1] It is operated by Hywind (Scotland) Limited, a joint venture of Equinor (75%) and Masdar (25%).[2]

Equinor (then: Statoil) launched the world's first operational deep-water floating large-capacity wind turbine, the US$71 million 2.3 MW Hywind ($31/W), in 2009.[3] [4] The tall tower with a 2.3 MW Siemens turbine was towed from the Åmøy fjord and offshore into the North Sea in deep water, off of Stavanger, Norway on 9 June 2009 for a two-year test run,[5] but remains working at the site[6] [7] while surviving wind speed and 19 m waves.

In 2015, the company received permission to install the wind farm in Scotland, in an attempt at reducing the cost relative to the original Hywind,[8] [9] in accordance with the Scottish Government's commitment for cost reduction.[10] Manufacturing for the project, with a budgeted cost of NOK2 billion (£152m), started in 2016 in Spain, Norway and Scotland. The turbines were assembled at Stord in Norway in summer 2017 using the Saipem 7000 floating crane, and the finished turbines were moved to near Peterhead.[11] [12] [13] Three suction anchors hold each turbine.[14] Hywind Scotland was commissioned in October 2017.[15] [16] [17]

While cost was reduced compared to the very expensive Hywind One at $31m/MW,[18] [19] [4] it still came with a final capital cost of £264m, or £8.8m/MW, approximately three times the capital cost of fixed offshore windfarms.[20] Measured by unit cost, Hywind's levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) is then £180/MWh ($248/MWh), about three times the typical LCoE of a fixed offshore wind farm at £55/MWh ($75.7/MWh).[21] The high cost is partly compensated by £165.27/MWh from Renewable Obligation Certificates.[22]

In its first 5 years of operation the facility has averaged a capacity factor of 54%, sometimes in 10 meter waves.[23] [24] [25] [26] [27] By shutting down at the worst conditions, it survived Hurricane Ophelia, and then Storm Caroline with wind gusts at and waves of 8.2 metres.[28]

The subsequent 88 MW Hywind Tampen (with concrete floating foundations)[29] became operational at the Snorre and Gullfaks oil fields in Norway in 2023[30] at a cost of NOK 8 billion[31] or £600m (£6.8/MW).

In May 2024 all 5 turbines were to be towed back to Norway for several months of heavy maintenance.[32] [33]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Hywind Scotland, World's First Floating Wind Farm, Performing Better Than Expected. Joshua S.. Hill. 2018-02-16. Sustainable Enterprises Media, Inc. . . 7 March 2018.
  2. News: Masdar joint venture Hywind Scotland surpasses targets . The Gulf Today . 2018-03-18.
  3. Web site: Water Power + Wind Power = Win! . Mother Earth News . 2010-05-03 . February–March 2010 . Ramsey Cox .
  4. Web site: Patel . Sonal . Top Plants: Hywind Floating Wind Turbine, North Sea, Norway . POWER Magazine . https://web.archive.org/web/20220530083617/https://www.powermag.com/top-plants-hywind-floating-wind-turbine-north-sea-norway/ . 30 May 2022 . 1 December 2009 . live.
  5. News: Patel . Prachi . Floating Wind Turbines to Be Tested . . 2009-06-22 . 2009-06-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090628200828/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/wind/floating-wind-turbines-to-be-tested . 2009-06-28 . dead .
  6. Web site: Førde . Thomas . Equinor selger verdens første flytende vindmølle til Unitech . Tu.no . . https://web.archive.org/web/20201125233620/https://www.tu.no/artikler/equinor-selger-verdens-forste-flytende-vindmolle-til-unitech/455065 . 25 November 2020 . no . 8 January 2019 . live.
  7. Web site: Solstad Offshore Installs Subsea Cable for TetraSpar Floater . Offshore Engineer Magazine . https://web.archive.org/web/20211202003534/https://www.oedigital.com/news/490673-solstad-offshore-installs-subsea-cable-for-tetraspar-floater . 2 December 2021 . en . 16 September 2021 . live.
  8. Web site: How Hywind works - equinor.com . www.equinor.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20210414193929/https://www.equinor.com/en/what-we-do/floating-wind/how-hywind-works.html . 14 April 2021 . en . live.
  9. Web site: Hywind Scotland remains the UK's best performing offshore wind farm - equinor.com . www.equinor.com . 23 March 2021 . en.
  10. Web site: Chapter 6: Innovation and Cost Reduction . www.gov.scot . https://web.archive.org/web/20211128023452/https://www.gov.scot/publications/offshore-wind-policy-statement/pages/8/ . 28 November 2021 . en . 28 October 2020 . live.
  11. Web site: Nå starter monteringen av Statoils flytende vindmøller. SYSLA. 17 February 2017. 20 February 2017. 21 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110949/http://syslagronn.no/2017/02/17/syslagronn/na-starter-monteringen-av-statoils-flytende-vindmoller_191270/. dead.
  12. Web site: Gigant-moduler til verdens første flytende vindpark har ankommet Stordbase. . 16 February 2017 . 20 February 2017.
  13. Web site: Floating turbines deliver first electricity. BBC News. 18 October 2017. 18 October 2017.
  14. Web site: Sjekk dimensjonene: Disse kjettingene skal feste Statoils flytende vindmølle til havbunnen. Jannicke Nilsen . . 20 April 2016 . 20 April 2016.
  15. Web site: Statoil to pilot floating wind farm scheme offshore Peterhead. Scott. McCulloch . Daily Record. 2 November 2015.
  16. Web site: Floating wind farm to be installed off Peterhead. BBC News. 2 November 2015.
  17. Web site: Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Offshore Wind Farm. 4COffshore.
  18. Web site: Vicente . Rubén Durán . Pathway to cost reduction in floating wind technology . corewind.eu . 21 April 2020.
  19. Web site: Hywind Scotland is 'proving potential' of floating offshore wind . https://web.archive.org/web/20210414083715/https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/company-news/floating-wind-potential-hywind-scotland/ . 23 March 2021 . 14 April 2021 . live.
  20. Web site: Hywind, low economics: The cost of floating offshore wind power . Global Warming Policy Foundation. GWPF.
  21. Web site: UK/US study assesses wake steering for floating wind . www.offshore-mag.com . 8 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210708205235/https://www.offshore-mag.com/renewable-energy/article/14206447/ukus-study-assesses-wake-steering-for-floating-wind . 8 July 2021 . live.
  22. Web site: Moestue . Herman . Floating wind set for deep cost cuts, high subsidies . Montel . https://web.archive.org/web/20220614230022/https://www.montelnews.com/news/931793/floating-wind-set-for-deep-cost-cuts-high-subsidies . 14 June 2022 . en . 5 September 2018 . live.
  23. Web site: Hywind Scotland reaches 5 years in operation . reNEWS - Renewable Energy News . https://web.archive.org/web/20221229122137/https://renews.biz/82790/hywind-scotland-reaches-5-years-in-operation/ . 29 December 2022 . 29 December 2022 . live.
  24. Web site: Equinor and ORE Catapult collaborating to share Hywind Scotland operational data - equinor.com . 2019-11-28 . www.equinor.com . en.
  25. Web site: UK offshore wind capacity factors . energynumbers.info . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418064523/https://energynumbers.info/uk-offshore-wind-capacity-factors . April 18, 2020 . 2020-01-31 . live.
  26. Web site: Hywind Scotland capacity factor . 2022-03-28.
  27. Web site: Hywind Scotland floating wind farm boasts of 57.1% capacity factor . Renewablesnow.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20210323214941/https://renewablesnow.com/news/hywind-scotland-floating-wind-farm-boasts-of-571-capacity-factor-735452/ . 23 March 2021 . en . 23 March 2021 . live.
  28. Web site: Outstanding load factor performance from the world's first floating wind farm - Modern Power Systems . www.modernpowersystems.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20210421193447/https://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featureoutstanding-load-factor-performance-from-the-worlds-first-floating-wind-farm-6151857/ . 21 April 2021 . 16 May 2018 . live.
  29. Web site: First Turbine Installed at World's Largest Floating Offshore Wind Farm . Offshore Wind . 7 June 2022.
  30. Web site: Equinor officially opens 88MW Hywind Tampen . 23 August 2023.
  31. Web site: Havvindanlegget Hywind Tampen sprakk med 44 prosent . Europower Siste nyheter fra fornybarbransjen . en . 6 October 2023.
  32. Web site: Equinor to return Hywind turbines to Norway for 'heavy maintenance' . 15 January 2024 .
  33. https://marine.gov.scot/sites/default/files/environmental_report_redacted_7.pdf

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Hywind Scotland".

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