Hyunmoo Explained

Is Missile:yes
Hyunmoo
Origin:South Korea
Type:Surface-to-surface missile
Used By:Republic of Korea Armed Forces
Designer:Agency for Defense Development
Variants:Hyunmoo-1
Hyunmoo-2A
Hyunmoo-2B
Hyunmoo-2c
Hyunmoo-3A
Hyunmoo-3B
Hyunmoo-3C
Hyunmoo-3D
Hyunmoo-4
Hyunmoo-4.4
Hyunmoo-5
Propellant:solid fuel
Production Date:1980s - present
Engine:Booster:
Weight:500kg (1,100lb)
to 2500kg (5,500lb)
Payload Capacity:500kg (1,100lb)
to 2500kg (5,500lb)+
Speed:>40NaN0
Vehicle Range:up to 3000km (2,000miles)
Guidance:command guidance
Launch Platform:mobile launchers
Transport:KM1500

Hyunmoo is a series of cruise and ballistic missiles developed by South Korea.

Hyunmoo-1

Hyunmoo-1 is the first domestically-produced ballistic missile used by the South Korean Army. It was developed by the South Korean national Agency for Defense Development, and is based on the American 1960s Nike Hercules missile system; the US designates it as the Nike Hercules Korea (NHK-1).[1] In 1986, South Korea succeeded in test-launching a missile with a current payload of 480kg (1,060lb) and a range of 180km (110miles).

The Hyunmoo system, which means "guardian angel of the northern skies" in Korean, launches a missile from a mobile launcher which is fire-controlled from the missile battery's command and control vehicle. The Hyunmoo-1 missile, which is 12m (39feet) long and weighing 5tonne, is propelled by a two-stage solid rocket motor. It features an independent inertial guidance and control system which means it can reach any target in any weather conditions without further commands after launch.

In 1990 the US withheld approval on a request by South Korea to start selling the Hyunmoo-1 abroad. The US only granted export approval after South Korea provided technical information on its Hyunmoo system, and agreed to not develop rockets with ranges of more than 180km (110miles). South Korea was permitted to produce a limited number of Hyunmoo missiles under US inspection until production ended.

Hyunmoo-2

The Hyunmoo-2A was the first of South Korea's attempts to develop an newer indigenous ballistic missile with an increased range, over Hyunmoo-1. Due to an agreement in 2001 with the MTCR (Missile Technology Control Regime), the missile's range was limited to 300 km. It is carried by a 4 axle transporter erector launcher (TEL).

Eventually the missile range was increased to 800 km which spurred on the development of Hyunmoo-2B and Hyunmoo-2C.

South Korea released the upgraded version of Hyunmoo-2A, named Hyunmoo-2B, which was put into service in late 2009. This ballistic missile had an increased range of 500 km.[2] If launched from the central region of South Korea, all of North Korean territory is under a 550-kilometer striking range.[3] Its accuracy is 30 m circular error probable.[4]

The upgraded version of Hyunmoo-2B, named Hyunmoo-2C, was unveiled in 2017. The ballistic missile has an increased range of 800 km,[5] but with a warhead weight reduced by half, and uses a different type of TEL with 5 axles, and launch canister that is wider and longer, suggesting increased weight.[6] The warhead section features maneuvering fins (similar to those on Pershing II), which suggests a maneuverable reentry vehicle or some type of terminal guidance for increased accuracy.[7] It has extreme accuracy (circular error probable of 1–5 m), ideal as a bunker buster.[8] If fired from southernmost Jeju Island, it can still reach all of North Korea but will be outside the range of North Korean Scud missiles.[3]

The missile is suspected to be a derivative of the Russian Iskander missile.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] From video and pictures published by the South Korean military and media, the Hyunmoo-II missile's head is similar to the Russian Iskander missile and the double cone structure of China's M20 missile, missile shape and Iskander missile is very similar. Even the tail is the Iskander-style truncated delta wing. There is precedent for cooperation on missile technology between Russia and South Korea — Seoul's KM-SAM air-defence system is based on the Russian 9M96E missile developed for the S-400 Triumf (SA-21 "Growler") system — but there are also resemblances with the American ATACMS and Israeli LORA missiles.[14] [15] [16] [17]

Hyunmoo 4-4

On 7 September 2021, South Korea tested a submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM) from a Dosan Ahn Changho-class submarine, making it the third country to develop a conventionally-armed SLBM capability on a conventionally powered (diesel-electric) submarine after the Soviet Union (Golf-class submarine) and North Korea (Sinpo-class submarine). The missile was the Hyunmoo 4-4, a variant of the Hyunmoo-2B with a 500 km range.[18] [19]

Hyunmoo-3

See main article: Hyunmoo-3. In 2006, the South Korean defense ministry released a statement that it had been testing several cruise missiles under the series of Hyunmoo-3 which were similar to the American Tomahawk or the Russian Kalibr. The first official model, Hyunmoo-3B, was unveiled in 2009 with an maximum range of 1,000 km meaning it could hit any part of North Korea as well as some parts of China and Tokyo. Unlike Hyunmoo-2 missiles, the Hyunmoo-3 missiles would use cruise missile technology. It uses the same four axle TEL like the Hyunmoo 2.

The Hyunmoo-3C missile's deployment is still unknown. The missile would have an increased maximum range of 1,500 km.[20]

Hyunmoo-3D/Hyunmoo-4 are under speculation however work on such a missile is unlikely to occur any time soon due to regulations on missile range. Some cite its deployment for the late 2030s, however, such a missile is still a grey area to the public.

Hyunmoo-4

While the South Korean military's missiles are currently capable of destroying structures at surface level, it says it needs heavier warheads to be able to destroy North Korea's underground facilities and bunkers.[21] The new Hyunmoo IV ballistic missile[22] [23] is fitted with a new warhead capable of destroying North Korea's underground military facilities, command centers and its leadership[24] and is probably a variant of the extended-range Hyunmoo-2C missile currently under development.[25] Seoul reached a de facto deal with the U.S. in September 2017 to revise their missile development guidelines so that it can double the maximum payload of its ballistic missiles.[22] Two Hyunmoo-4 missiles were test-fired in April 2020, with one of them misfiring.[26] The Hyunmoo-4 has a range of 800 km and an increased payload of .[27]

Notable events

On 23 June 2017, South Korea unveiled footage of a successful missile test launch of a Hyunmoo-2C missile. Unlike its predecessor, which had a maximum range of 500 km, the Hyunmoo-2C has a maximum range of 800 km and thus is capable of hitting any part of North Korea.[28] [29] South Korean President Moon Jae-in was shown to be observing the missile launch at the time.[30]

On 4 July 2017, South Korea carried out a joint ballistic missile drill with the U.S. where they launched 2 Hyunmoo-2B missiles and 2 ATACMS missiles. The drill was seen as a response to North Korea's supposed successful test launch of an ICBM.[31] [32]

On 4 September 2017, South Korea President Moon Jae-In & U.S. President Trump agreed to lift the 500 kg limit on South Korea's missile warheads. This would allow South Korea to develop and deploy missiles with a warhead weighing up to 2,000 kg. This would enable South Korea to target and destroy virtually all of North Korea's underground facilities and hardened bunkers.[33]

On 6 September 2017, South Korea's MoD announced the upcoming development of a new missile dubbed the "Frankenmissile." The Hyunmoo missile variant would carry a warhead weighing up to 1,000 kg and would be used to target key North Korean sites both above and underground.[34]

On 15 September 2017, in response to a North Korean missile test, South Korea fired two Hyunmoo-2A missiles, one of which failed and fell into the Sea of Japan.[35] [36]

During U.S. President Donald Trump's visit to Seoul in 2017, the U.S. and South Korea agreed to eliminate any limit on South Korean missiles.[37]

During a military parade North Korea displayed a short range ballistic missile similar in design to the Hyunmoo-2 on 8 February 2018 that is thought to have been tested in August 2017, according to South Korean military source that disclosed details of the test to the Chosun Ilbo.[38] [39] Designated as KN-23 by the U.S. DoD, the missile was test fired on 4 May and 9 May 2019 where two missiles were launched in each of the tests.[40]

On 5 October 2022, a Hyunmoo-2C missile fired in response to a North Korean ICBM test malfunctioned and crashed into a golf course in Gangneung. No people were harmed by the incident.[41] [42]

Variants

Hyunmoo Missiles
Model Range Payload Type Notes Deployment
Hyunmoo-1 180 km 500 kg modified Baekgom -
Hyunmoo-2A 300 km 1,000 kg[43] [44] modified 9K720 Iskander2008[45]
Hyunmoo-2B 500 km 1,000 kg modified Hyunmoo-2A2009
Hyunmoo-2C 800 km 500 kg modified Hyunmoo-2B2017[46]
Hyunmoo-3A 500 km 500 kg - 2006
Hyunmoo-3B 1,000 km 500 kg modified Hyunmoo-3A2009
Hyunmoo-3C 1,500 km 500 kg modified Hyunmoo-3B2012
Hyunmoo-3D 3,000 km[47] 500 kg modified Hyunmoo-3C
Hyunmoo-4 800 km 2,500 kg+ modified Hyunmoo-2C -
Hyunmoo-4.4 500 km - modified Hyunmoo-2B -

Specifications

Missile Hyunmoo-1
Length 12.53m (41.11feet) overall
8.18m (26.84feet) at second stage
Diameter 0.8m (02.6feet) booster
0.53m (01.74feet) at second stage
Fin span 3.5m (11.5feet) booster
1.88m (06.17feet) at second stage
Mass 4850kg (10,690lb) at launch
2505kg (5,523lb) at second stage
Maximum speed Mach 3.65 (ca. 4470km/h)
Range 180km (110miles)
Ceiling 45700m (149,900feet)
First stage Hercules M42 solid-fueled rocket cluster
(4x M5E1 Nike boosters)
978 kN (220,000 lbf) total
Second stage Thiokol M30 solid-fueled rocket
44.4 kN (10,000 lbf)
Warhead conventional T-45 HE warhead weighing
500kg (1,100lb) and containing 272kg (600lb) of HBX-6
M17 blast-fragmentation

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Nike-Hercules / Hyunmoo I / Hyunmoo II / Nike-Hercules Variant (NHK-1/-2/-A). John. Pike. www.globalsecurity.org. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171027232840/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/hyunmoo.htm. 27 October 2017. live.
  2. News: "사거리 500km 국산 탄도미사일 '현무-2B' 실전배치했다". 2011-02-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20110220075255/http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/18/2011021801716.html. 2011-02-20. live.
  3. Web site: RoK Missile Rationale Roulette. www.armscontrolwonk.com. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032318/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/205771/rok-missile-rationale-roulette/. 7 November 2017. live.
  4. Web site: Hyunmoo-2B - Missile Threat. csis.org. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180104105603/https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hyunmoo-2b/. 4 January 2018. live.
  5. News: S. Korea Tests Ballistic Missile That Can Hit Anywhere Inside N. Korea. Trevithick. Joseph. The Drive. 2017-07-05. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20170627040836/http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/11823/south-korea-tests-ballistic-missile-that-can-hit-anywhere-inside-north-korea. 2017-06-27. live.
  6. Web site: Right: Hyunmoo-3 CM / Left front: Hyunmoo-2C BM (800km range) / Left back: Hyunmoo-2A (300km) or 2B (500km) BM. 2C is much bigger than 2A/B.pic.twitter.com/h06s24chUt. ImpMK. 28 September 2017. twitter.com. 13 December 2017.
  7. Web site: 文대통령 발사 참관 '현무-2C' 800km 미사일...北전역 사정권. 이 . 영재. 23 June 2017. yonhapnews.co.kr. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171130033035/http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2017/06/23/0200000000AKR20170623115900014.HTML. 30 November 2017. live.
  8. Web site: Hyunmoo-2C - Missile Threat. csis.org. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013754/https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hyunmoo-2c/. 7 November 2017. live.
  9. Web site: Hyunmoo-2A . 2024-07-07 . Missile Threat . en-US.
  10. Web site: Elleman . Michael . 2019-05-08 . North Korea's Newest Ballistic Missile: A Preliminary Assessment - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea . 2024-07-07 . 38 North . en . However, the tested missile is also very similar to two other known systems, the Hyunmoo-2 fielded by South Korea and the Ukrainian Grom (sometimes Hrim), which is reportedly under development. All four missiles appear to share the same external dimensions and features, with only minor differences in the shape of the nose cones..
  11. News: Brumfiel . Geoff . North Korea's Newest Missile Appears Similar To Advanced Russian Design . 8 July 2024 . . May 8, 2019.
  12. Web site: 2019-05-10 . Experts see Russia fingerprints on North Korea's new missile . 2024-07-07 . AP News . en . South Korea has what many believe is its own Iskander-inspired missile — the Hyunmoo-2.
  13. Web site: Bryen . Stephen . 2019-05-11 . The significance of North Korea's new missile . 2024-07-07 . Asia Times . en-US . South Korea itself has a short-range missile that looks quite a lot like the Iskander called the Hyunmoo-2 (“Black Warrior”).[...] Some experts believe that Russia and South Korea cooperated on the Hyunmoo design, just as Russian fingerprints appear to also be on the North Korean missile..
  14. Web site: Hyunmoo II. John. Pike. www.globalsecurity.org. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180127173733/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/hyunmoo-2.htm. 27 January 2018. live.
  15. Web site: North Korea Isn't the Only Korea with Killer Missiles. Zachary. Keck. 8 July 2017. The National Interest. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227071841/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/north-korea-isnt-the-only-korea-killer-missiles-21469?page=2. 27 December 2017. live.
  16. Web site: Archived copy . 2017-09-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904152245/http://www.janes360.com/images/assets/316/37316/Korean_progression.pdf . 2017-09-04 . live.
  17. Web site: Hyunmoo-2A . 2022-04-14 . Missile Threat . en-US.
  18. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/skorea-tests-first-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile-yonhap-2021-09-07/ S.Korea tests first submarine-launched ballistic missile - Yonhap
  19. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/september/10668-south-korea-successfully-fires-hyunmoo-4-4-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile.html South Korea successfully fires Hyunmoo 4-4 submarine-launched ballistic missile
  20. Web site: GLCM - Hyunmoo III / ALCM - Boramae / SLCM - Chonryong / Cheon Ryong / Ch'onnyong (Sky Dragon). Pike. John. www.globalsecurity.org. 2017-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20150715114339/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/rok/chonryong.htm. 2015-07-15. live.
  21. News: South Korea Says It's Speeding Up Arms Buildup to Counter the North. Choe. Sang-Hun. Rick. Gladstone. The New York Times. 28 September 2017. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180102023024/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/world/asia/south-korea-military-north.html. 2 January 2018. live.
  22. Web site: Army confident of destroying N. Korea with ballistic missiles at war. yonhapnews.co.kr. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022650/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2017/10/19/56/0401000000AEN20171019011200315F.html. 25 October 2017. live.
  23. Web site: Army reveals plan to develop 'Frankenmissile' targeting NK. 19 October 2017. 24 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171024142858/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171019000877. 24 October 2017. live.
  24. Web site: Trick or treat? South Korea's 'frankenmissile' would take out Kim Jong Un and his nukes. 20 October 2017. newsweek.com. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171212131023/http://www.newsweek.com/south-korea-new-frankenmissile-take-out-north-korea-kim-nuclear-weapons-689607. 12 December 2017. live.
  25. Web site: South Korea to Build New Ballistic Missile Targeting North Korea. Franz-Stefan Gady, The. Diplomat. thediplomat.com. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171025073326/https://thediplomat.com/2017/10/south-korea-to-build-new-ballistic-missile-targeting-north-korea/. 25 October 2017. live.
  26. https://www.armyrecognition.com/may_2020_news_defense_global_security_army_industry/south_korea_has_test-fired_its_new_local-made_ballistic_missile_hyunmoo-4.html South Korea has test-fired its new local-made ballistic missile Hyunmoo-4
  27. https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis//2020/06/mdi-south-korea-tests-hyunmoo-4-ballistic-missile South Korea tests Hyunmoo-4 ballistic missile
  28. News: S. Korea Tests Ballistic Missile That Can Hit Anywhere Inside N. Korea. Trevithick. Joseph. The Drive. 2017-07-02. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20170627040836/http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/11823/south-korea-tests-ballistic-missile-that-can-hit-anywhere-inside-north-korea. 2017-06-27. live.
  29. News: South Korea Tests Missile Capable of Striking Any Part of the North. Sang-hun. Choe. 2017-06-23. The New York Times. 2017-07-02. en-US. 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20170624082857/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/23/world/asia/south-korea-missile-ballistic.html. 2017-06-24. live.
  30. News: Pres. Moon observes test launch of Hyunmoo 2 ballistic missile, part of "kill chain". 2017-07-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20170629101404/http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/800080.html. 2017-06-29. live.
  31. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-usa-drills/u-s-south-korea-stage-show-of-force-after-north-korea-icbm-test-idUSKBN19P2LB U.S., South Korea stage show of force after North Korea ICBM test
  32. https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/us-rok-conduct-precision-strike-drill-in-response-to-north-korean-icbm-launch/ US, ROK Conduct Precision-Strike Drill in Response to North Korean ICBM Launch: The U.S. Army and Republic of Korea military personnel test fired missiles in response to North Korea's most recent ICBM test.
  33. News: US and South Korea agree to end missile payload limits. 2017-09-04. New York Post. 2017-09-17. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20170917080016/http://nypost.com/2017/09/04/us-and-south-korea-agree-to-end-missile-payload-limits/. 2017-09-17. live.
  34. News: The 'Frankenmissile': How South Korea plans to destroy the North's underground military bases. Smith. Nicola. 2017-09-06. The Telegraph. 2017-09-17. en-GB. 0307-1235. https://web.archive.org/web/20170916210717/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/06/frankenmissile-south-korea-plans-destroy-norths-underground/. 2017-09-16. live.
  35. Web site: 2017-09-15 . North Korea Fires Another Missile Over Japan . 2023-05-21 . Missile Threat . en-US.
  36. Web site: Daniels . Jeff . 2017-09-15 . Embarrassing failure of 'key' ballistic missile by Seoul raises questions of readiness . 2023-05-21 . CNBC . en.
  37. Web site: S. Korea, US Presidents Agree to Lift Limit on S. Korean Missile Payload. world.kbs.co.kr. 13 December 2017.
  38. Web site: New N.Korean Missile Resembles S.Korea's Hyunmu . 2019-03-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180226034907/http://english.chosun.com/m/svc/article.html?contid=2018022101540 . 2018-02-26 . live.
  39. Web site: New N.Korean Missile Poses Fresh Threat . 2019-03-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180226154747/http://english.chosun.com/m/svc/article.html?contid=2018022201107 . 2018-02-26 . live.
  40. Web site: No conclusion yet on nature of missiles launched by N. Korea: Seoul ministry . 17 May 2019 . 2019-05-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190517115337/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190517003900325 . 2019-05-17 . live.
  41. Web site: 2022-10-04 . Seoul's reprisal blows up after North Korean missile success . 2023-05-21 . AP NEWS . en.
  42. Web site: Da-gyum . Ji . 2022-12-16 . Full-scale inspection begins over S. Korea's Hyunmoo missile malfunction . 2023-05-21 . . en.
  43. Web site: Hyunmoo-2A - Missile Threat. csis.org. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171223085627/https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hyunmoo-2a/. 23 December 2017. live.
  44. https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/south-korea-test-fires-new-ballistic-missile/ South Korea Test Fires New Ballistic Missile
  45. http://aviationweek.com/awin/south-korea-works-new-missile-technology South Korea Works On New Missile Technology
  46. News: Diplomat . Franz-Stefan Gady, The . Seoul Test Fires New Ballistic Missile in Warning to North Korea . en-US . The Diplomat . live . 2017-07-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170703230012/https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/seoul-test-fires-new-ballistic-missile-in-warning-to-north-korea/ . 2017-07-03.
  47. Web site: Hyunmoo-3.

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