White-chinned sapphire explained

The white-chinned sapphire (Chlorestes cyanus) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae.It is found in northern South America.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.

This species was formerly placed in the genus Hylocharis. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Hylocharis was polyphyletic.^[1] In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the white-chinned sapphire was moved to Chlorestes.^{[2] [3]}

Description

The male is green, with a blue head and dark-tipped red beak;^[4] the female is brown and white with a black beak. Its mandible may change color as it ages.

Notes and References

1. McGuire . J. . Witt . C. . Remsen . J.V. . Corl . A. . Rabosky . D. . Altshuler . D. . Dudley . R. . 2014 . Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds . Current Biology . 24 . 8 . 910–916 . 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 . 24704078 . free .
2. Stiles . F.G. . Remsen . J.V. Jr. . Mcguire . J.A. . 2017 . The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny . Zootaxa . 4353 . 3 . 401–424 . 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3 . 29245495 .
3. Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela Rasmussen . July 2020 . Hummingbirds . IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 . International Ornithologists' Union . 7 January 2020 .
4. Carnes . Blaine . Antezana Aponte . Mariamercedes . Huayanca Munarriz . Renato . Martínez . Ari E. . 2021-09-20 . Preformative Molt Extent and Aging and Sexing Criteria for Eight Hummingbird Species in Southeastern Peru . Ornitología Neotropical . 32 . 2 . 106–115 . 10.58843/ornneo.v32i2.867 . 1075-4377. free .