Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 explained

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA₃), also known as niacin receptor 2 (NIACR2) and GPR109B, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HCAR3 gene.^{[1] [2]} HCA₃, like the other hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors HCA₁ and HCA₂, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The primary endogenous agonists of HCA₃ are 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and kynurenic acid.^{[3] [4] [5]} HCA₃ is also a low-affinity biomolecular target for niacin (aka nicotinic acid).^[6]

External links

• Web site: Nicotinic Acid Receptor Family: GPR109B . IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology . 2008-12-09 . 2016-03-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180138/http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=3009 . dead .

Further reading

• Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K . Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors . . 5 . 10 . 1239–49 . October 1993 . 7505609 . 10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239 .
• Zingoni A, Rocchi M, Storlazzi CT, Bernardini G, Santoni A, Napolitano M . Isolation and chromosomal localization of GPR31, a human gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor . Genomics . 42 . 3 . 519–23 . June 1997 . 9205127 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4754 . 11573/245592 .
• Irobi J, Nelis E, Verhoeven K, De Vriendt E, Dierick I, De Jonghe P, Van Broeckhoven C, Timmerman V . Mutation analysis of 12 candidate genes for distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II (distal HMN II) linked to 12q24.3 . Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System . 7 . 2 . 87–95 . June 2002 . 12090300 . 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2002.02014.x . 8453412 .
• Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB . Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 11 . 9869–74 . March 2003 . 12522134 . 10.1074/jbc.M210695200 . free .
• Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S . 20451806 . PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect . Nature Medicine . 9 . 3 . 352–5 . March 2003 . 12563315 . 10.1038/nm824 .
• Soga T, Kamohara M, Takasaki J, Matsumoto S, Saito T, Ohishi T, Hiyama H, Matsuo A, Matsushime H, Furuichi K . Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 303 . 1 . 364–9 . March 2003 . 12646212 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00342-5 .
• Toulza E, Mattiuzzo NR, Galliano MF, Jonca N, Dossat C, Jacob D, de Daruvar A, Wincker P, Serre G, Guerrin M . Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function . Genome Biology . 8 . 6 . R107 . 2007 . 17562024 . 2394760 . 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r107 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: GPR109B G protein-coupled receptor 109B.
2. Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K . Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors . . 5 . 10 . 1239–49 . October 1993 . 7505609 . 10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239 .
3. Offermanns S, Colletti SL, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, IJzerman AP . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B) . Pharmacological Reviews . 63 . 2 . 269–90 . June 2011 . 21454438 . 10.1124/pr.110.003301 . free .
4. Web site: S Offermanns, SL Colletti, AP IJzerman, TW Lovenberg, G Semple, A Wise, MG Waters . Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors . IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology . 13 July 2018.
5. Kapolka . NJ . Taghon . GJ . Rowe . JB . Morgan . WM . Enten . JF . Lambert . NA . Isom . DG . DCyFIR: a high-throughput CRISPR platform for multiplexed G protein-coupled receptor profiling and ligand discovery. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 9 June 2020 . 117 . 23 . 13117–13126 . 10.1073/pnas.2000430117 . 32434907. 7293659 . 2020PNAS..11713117K . free .
6. Peters . A . Krumbholz . P . Jäger . E . Heintz-Buschart . A . Çakir . MV . Rothemund . S . Gaudl . A . Ceglarek . U . Schöneberg . T . Stäubert . C . Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3. . PLOS Genetics . May 2019 . 15 . 5 . e1008145 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008145 . 31120900. 6532841 . free .